Pengadaan Tanah Jalur Kereta Api Bandara Adi Soemarmo-Solo Balapan: Kebijakan Konservasi Vs Pembangunan Infrastruktur

Dilemmas and conflicts frequently arise during public policy-making. For instance, those occurring between the Policy for the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (PLP2B) and land acquisition for development in the public interest (PTPKU). The former aims to preserve agricultural land, whereas the latter ensures absolute land provision for infrastructure and facility development in the public interest. The purpose of this study is to describe the policy conflicts that exist between the PLP2B policy and the PTPKU policy. A qualitative approach is used to conduct this research with a case study design using content analysis. Apart from documents, data triangulation is also conducted through interviews with multiple parties involved in decision-making and through observation and documentation of field conditions. Although both are in the public interest, the study's findings indicate that conservation is inferior to infrastructure development. The process of nullifying conservation implementation goes through a series of steps that emerge at each stage of land acquisition justification. Key words: Boyolali-Indonesia, LP2B, Land Acquisition, Policy Conflicts, Spatial Planning Intisari: Dilema dan konflik sering terjadi dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik. Sebagai contoh yaitu antara kebijakan Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (PLP2B) dan kebijakan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (PTPKU). Kebjiakan PLP2B bertujuan untuk mempertahankan tanah pertanian, sedangkan kebijakan PTPKU menjamin penyediaan lahan secara mutlak bagi pembangunan infrastruktur atau fasilitas bagi kepentingan publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan konflik pada dua contoh kebijakan di atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan desain studi kasus menggunakan konten analisis (content analysis). Selain berdasar dokumen, dilakukan juga trianggulasi dalam penggunaan data, yaitu dengan wawancara terhadap beberapa pihak yang terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta observasi dan dokumentasi kondisi lapangan. Dari hasil penelitian tergambar bahwa meski sama-sama sebagai kepentingan umum, kebijakan pelestarian pertanian kalah dengan kepentingan umum pembangunan infrastruktur. Proses pembatalan ketetapan pelestarian terjadi melalui berbagai tahap yang ada pada setiap tahap justifikasi pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah. Kata Kunci: Konflik kebijakan, Tata Ruang, LP2B, Pengadaan Tanah, Boyolali-Indonesia

Mining and Minerals in South Africa

Although the mining value chain only accounted for around 13% of the GDP and 6% of employment in 2020, it remained a central link between the South African economy and international markets. As a result, it had an outsized impact on the production structure, income distribution, infrastructure and legal frameworks. After the transition to democracy in 1994, the value chain underwent significant changes, notably a shift away from coal into platinum, iron ore, coal and ferroalloys, and significant divestment by international mining companies. Still, deep-seated developmental challenges persisted, including limited mining-based industrialisation, the exercise of monopoly power within value chains, and deeply inequitable and oppressive payscales and work organisation. These structural weaknesses emerged clearly in the 2010s, as the end of the global metals prices boom (2002 to 2011) brought plummeting revenues, revealing a range of economic, workplace, and policy conflicts across the value chain.

Divide to conquer? Strategic parliamentary opposition and coalition government

Parliamentary elections often result in the formation of a coalition government. While the legislative process allows actors within a coalition government to monitor each other, little attention has focused on how opposition parties respond to coalition government. We argue that opposition parties have incentives to uncover and highlight differences and tensions within the governing coalition. A strategy by the opposition to use legislative tools to uncover policy conflicts and ministerial drift within the coalition increases intra-coalition tensions, potentially generating electoral costs for the governing parties, and potentially even hastening the coalition’s demise. To test our argument, we build and analyse a new dataset of parliamentary questions in the British House of Commons covering the 2010–15 coalition. As expected, the main opposition party appears to strategically focus questions towards policy areas that uncover intra-coalition tensions. This research highlights the importance of opposition parties in parliamentary democracies.

The US Treasury market is vulnerable to stress

Significance The US Treasuries securities market is the world's largest and most liquid financial market, and is relied on by market participants as a basis to price other risks. However, on several occasions in recent years, it has exhibited unusual behaviour under stress and required corrective intervention by the US Federal Reserve (Fed). Impacts The rebound remains vulnerable to COVID-19 spread, and the ongoing need for supportive measures will stoke policy conflicts for some time. The firmer link between policy and price expectations means that miscommunication may be more disruptive than in the 2013 ‘taper tantrum’. The Fed tapering of bond purchases over the near term could trigger interest rate rises, testing the resilience of the Treasury market.

Policy Disputes In BGP: Analysis, Detection And Proposed Solution

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto inter-domain routing protocol in the Internet, which involves exchange of routing information among the ASes that is used by the routers in an AS to compute paths to destination address blocks or prefixes in the Internet. The BGP is a path-vector and policy-based routing that allows each AS to independently define a set of local policies for route selection. However, since routes are selected based on local policies of the ASes, it might cause global conflicts or network topology disputes among the ASes. In this thesis, first we present a survey and in-depth analysis of the existing available solutions and their implementations for the BGP policy induced faults. Then, we discuss the tool we have developed for identifying the BGP faults or route instability within an autonomous system due to local policy. Finally, we propose a new solution to detect and eliminate the route oscillation in the BGP best path selection process due to local policy conflicts among ASes. We also present the test cases that we developed using BGP simulator for simulating oscillation faults in the test-bed and then discuss their results.

Policy Disputes In BGP: Analysis, Detection And Proposed Solution

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto inter-domain routing protocol in the Internet, which involves exchange of routing information among the ASes that is used by the routers in an AS to compute paths to destination address blocks or prefixes in the Internet. The BGP is a path-vector and policy-based routing that allows each AS to independently define a set of local policies for route selection. However, since routes are selected based on local policies of the ASes, it might cause global conflicts or network topology disputes among the ASes. In this thesis, first we present a survey and in-depth analysis of the existing available solutions and their implementations for the BGP policy induced faults. Then, we discuss the tool we have developed for identifying the BGP faults or route instability within an autonomous system due to local policy. Finally, we propose a new solution to detect and eliminate the route oscillation in the BGP best path selection process due to local policy conflicts among ASes. We also present the test cases that we developed using BGP simulator for simulating oscillation faults in the test-bed and then discuss their results.

Changes in Chinese Patients' Trust in Doctor:a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: To understand how patient’s trust has changed over time in China and explore the influencing factors of the changes.Methods: Databases were systematically searched from inception to Jan 1, 2020 for studies of patient’s trust in China investigating the change of the patient’s trust over time and the factors which influence the trust.Results: The cross-temporal meta-analysis results showed that the total trust, benevolence trust and technical competence trust of Chinese patients decreased rapidly across the year of data collection. The related meta-analysis results showed that trust and patient demographic variables have a weak but significant correlation (gender: r = 0·032; 95% CI 0·012, 0·052; p = 0·002; age: r = 0·079; 95% CI 0·047, 0·111; p < 0·001; education: r = 0·092; 95% CI 0·054, 0·131; p < 0·001). The medical policy stage and patient type had a significant influence on changes of trust.Conclusion: Patients’ trust in doctors have declined with increasing years, and farmer-friendly policy, conflicts and individuals’ characteristics influence patients’ trust.Practice implication: Chinese government should attach importance to the public welfare-oriented policies. Medical institutions need pay more attention to the diverse trust levels of different patient groups and strengthen the training of doctors’ benevolence skills.

Pembelajaran Kebijakan Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Sebuah Sanggahan Atas Artikel Widaningrum dan Mas'udi (2020)

Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) believe that the government's stuttering in handling the COVID-19 pandemic trigger policy conflicts between government officials and at the society level. Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) view that strengthening leadership and coördination are important steps to prevent widespread policy conflicts. However, in using the PCF framework, Widaningrum and Mas'udi (2020) forgot to place the policy conflict on what level was the political system, policy subsystem or policy action? We use literature review to explore COVID-19 policy in Indonesia. We offer the ACF framework to look further with existing features and find that there are two core competing beliefs in the COVID-19 policy handling subsystem, namely the drive to safeguard the economy that the central government believes in and insistence on handling the outbreak seriously from a coalition of people, scientists and media. Cross-coalition policy learning did not take place, even though the COVID-19 Task Force had a role as a broker to bring together the core beliefs of each coalition. The government made adjustments to encourage policy changes that were consistent with its core beliefs, despite changes in public opinion and changes in members of the government coalition. Widaningrum dan Mas’udi (2020) meyakini bahwa kegagapan pemerintah dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 dapat menimbulkan konflik kebijakan di antara aparat pemerintahan dan pada level masyarakat. Widaningrum dan Mas’udi (2020) memandang bahwa penguatan kepemimpinan dan koordinasi menjadi langkah penting untuk mencegah terjadinya konflik kebijakan meluas. Namun dalam menggunakan kerangka kerja PCF, Widaningrum dan Mas’udi (2020) lupa mendudukan konflik kebijakan terjadi pada level yang mana apakah sistem politik, subsitem kebijakan atau tindakan kebijakan? Kami menggunakan studi literatur untuk lebih lanjut mendalami kebijakan penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia. Kami menawarkan kerangka kerja ACF untuk melihat lebih jauh dengan fitur-fitur yang ada dan menemukan bahwa pada dasarnya ada dua keyakinan inti yang saling bersaing dalam subsistem kebijakan penanganan Covid-19, yakni dorongan untuk menjaga perekonomian yang diyakini pemerintah pusat dan desakan menangani wabah secara serius dari koalisi masyarakat, ilmuwan dan media massa. Pembelajaran kebijakan lintas koalisi tidak terjadi, meskipun telah ada Gugus Tugas Covid-19 yang berperan sebagai broker untuk mempertemukan keyakinan inti tiap koalisi. Pemerintah melakukan penyesuaian untuk mendorong perubahan kebijakan yang sesuai dengan keyakinan intinya, meskipun terdapat perubahan opini publik dan perubahan anggota koalisi pemerintah.