scholarly journals Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis among People Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by fungal pathogens among people living with HIV in the Americas and may be responsible for 5–15% of AIDS-related deaths every year in this Region. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disseminated histoplasmosis in persons living with HIV. Although the burden of disease is concentrated in the Americas, the recommendations presented within these guidelines are applicable globally. These guidelines were produced in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development. The Guideline Development Group elaborated the final recommendations based on a systematic review of scientific literature and critical evaluation of the evidence available using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. These guidelines are intended for health-care providers, HIV program managers, policy-makers, national treatment advisory boards, researchers, and other professionals involved in caring for people who either have or may be at risk of developing disseminated histoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Perspectives on voluntary assisted partner notification among providers, people with HIV and the general population in Indonesia: a formative qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Benny Setia Wirawan ◽  
Pande Putu Januraga ◽  
I. Gusti Agung Agus Mahendra ◽  
Ngakan Putu Anom Harjana ◽  
Tiara Mahatmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Hiv Exposure ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Voluntary assisted partner notification (aPN) services are effective in increasing access to and uptake of HIV testing among partners of people with HIV. Following recommendations by the World Health Organization in 2016, Indonesia evaluated various approaches to aPN. We present the lessons learned from formative operational research undertaken to understand provider and patient perspectives on aPN from three demonstration sites in cities with a high HIV burden. Methods We conducted a formative qualitative study in three cities: Jakarta, Semarang, and Denpasar between September and October 2019. We conducted six focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 44 participants) among health-care providers, people living with HIV and the general population. We explored participant preferences and concerns about how aPN should be delivered, including the methods of and messaging for contacting partners. All FGDs were conducted in the Indonesian language. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results aPN was acceptable across different participant populations, although with caveats. Some differences were observed between the general population, providers and people living with HIV. People living with HIV were mainly concerned with confidentiality of the procedure and preferred the use of telecommunication and messages that avoid explicit mention of HIV exposure. Providers preferred similar approaches but for different reasons, being concerned mainly with self-efficacy and security. There was consensus regarding dual referral models. The use of phone calls and short messages were preferred as these are perceived to minimize negative reactions and stigma, protect client confidentiality and are suitable in the current legal situation. The general population was mainly concerned with effectiveness and prefer direct provider-led approaches, such as preferring in-person meeting with explicit notification of potential HIV exposure. Conclusions We found consensus among stakeholders on acceptance of aPN, especially dual referral methods. Development and implementation of aPN protocols should also consider clients’ individual situations and concerns regarding safeguarding of confidentiality, and offer a range of options to accommodate all stakeholders involved.

scholarly journals Substance Use Among Older People Living With HIV: Challenges for Health Care Providers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Deren ◽  
Tara Cortes ◽  
Victoria Vaughan Dickson ◽  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Benjamin H. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Health care providers and HIV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Living With Hiv

The current investigation seeks to examine the attitudes and beliefs of health care providers in Canada about people living with HIV. The line of research consists of three studies. Study 1 was a qualitative study conducted with a critical lens. The critical lens was used in a series of four focus groups when qualitatively soliciting opinions about the range of attitudes, behaviours and cognitions health care providers may have towards people living with HIV. Study 2 used the information gathered from Study 1 to develop a scale to assess HIV stigma in health care providers. Items were created from examples and themes found in the qualitative study, and were tested via exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, test-retest reliability analysis, and assessed for convergent and divergent validity. Study 3 examined the newly developed scale’s relationship to proposed overlapping stigmas and attitudes, and tested the adapted intersectional model of HIV-related stigma with health care trainees using the newly developed HIV stigma scale as an outcome measure. The line of research found that HIV stigma continues to be a significant problem in the health care system. The scale developed in Study 2 demonstrates that HIV stigma can be conceptualized and assessed as a tripartite model of discrimination, stereotyping and prejudice, and that this conceptualization of HIV stigma supports an intersectional model of overlapping stigmas with homophobia, racism, stigma against injection drug use and stigma against sex work.

scholarly journals Perceptions, Facilitators And Barriers of Physical Activity Among People Living With HIV: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Kitilya ◽  
Erica Sanga ◽  
George PrayGod ◽  
Robert Peck ◽  
Bazil B Kavishe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract BackgroundPeople Living with HIV (PLWH) have low levels of physical activity. Understanding of perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity in this population is of importance for future perspectives in developing contextual based intervention to improve physical activity in PLWH. MethodThis study explored perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity in PLWH using sixteen in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania. The interviews and discussions were audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Transcripts were coded and analysed deductively using thematic content analysis. The themes were interpreted and presented using the social ecological model. ResultsForty-three PLWH age 23-61 years old participated in this study. The findings showed that, PLWH perceived physical activity was beneficial to their health and that their perceptions and practices were rooted within the existing gender stereotypes and roles in the community. In addition to that, house-chores and income generating activities were perceived as sufficient physical activity to achieve adequate levels of physical activity. As facilitators, social support and interactions from family and friends were appraised positively as motivating factors of physical activity in this population. Indeed, at individual to community/environmental levels, PLWH reported barriers of physical activity were lack of time, money, and availability of facilities, as well as lack of social groups participating in physical activity in the communities and inadequate information on physical activity from health care providers at ART clinics. HIV disease was not reported as a main barrier of physical activity but rather stipulated from family members as a reason not to support physical activity in PLWH. ConclusionThe findings demonstrated differing perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity among PLWH. Interventions addressing physical activity awareness, gender stereotypes and roles relating to physical activity performances from individual to community level, building supportive environment and infrastructures are needed to elevate physical activity levels in PLWH particularly in low and -middle income countries.

Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among People Living With HIV: Directed Content Analysis Based on Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Movahed ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Jamileh Farokhzadian ◽  
Rohollah Nikooie ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Imb Model ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Directed Content Analysis ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Living With Hiv

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the complexities of treatment and care for people living with HIV (PLHIV). It is essential to understand the challenges of admitting ART in PLHIV based on the Information Motivation Behavioral skills (IMB) model. This study was conducted using qualitative and directed content analysis on 15 participants. The participants included 10 patients and five health-care providers selected from the behavioral diseases counseling center affiliated with a medical university in southeast of Iran using purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Data analysis has led to three main categories—information, motivation, and behavioral skills—and eight subcategories. ART adherence in an Iranian context is like an iceberg that the IMB model can deeply identify underwater and unanticipated motivations and factors that lead to nonadherence. Therefore, it can be useful in designing and developing context-based nonadherence to ART interventions.

scholarly journals Attitude of health care providers in Abia State, Nigeria, to people living with HIV and AIDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Adisa ◽  
Ugochukwu Onyeonoro ◽  
Aniele Agu ◽  
Ndukauba Eleweke ◽  
Umezurike Chisara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Collect Once, Use Many Times: Attaining Unified Metrics for Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment for People Living With HIV

10.2196/27013 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e27013
Author(s):  
Rena Fukunaga ◽  
David Lowrance ◽  
Adam MacNeil ◽  
Teeb Al-Samarrai ◽  
Joseph Cavanaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Strategic Information ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends providing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) to all persons living with HIV and to all household contacts of persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis disease. Regrettably, the absence of a harmonized data collection and management approach to TPT indicators has contributed to programmatic challenges at local, national, and global levels. However, in April 2020, the WHO launched the Consolidated HIV Strategic Information Guidelines, with an updated set of priority indicators. These guidelines recommend that Ministries of Health collect, report, and use data on TPT completion in addition to TPT initiation. Both indicators are reflected in the WHO’s list of 15 core indicators for program management and are also required by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) guidance. Although not perfectly harmonized, both frameworks now share essential indicator characteristics. Aligned indicators are necessary for robust strategic and operational planning, resource allocation, and data communication. “Collect once, use many times” is a best practice for strategic information management. Building harmonized and sustainable health systems will enable countries to successfully maintain essential HIV, tuberculosis, and other health services while combatting new health threats.

scholarly journals Stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among primary health care providers in Kinta District, Perak

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Yuen Ching Chan ◽  
Maliza Mawardi ◽  
Adibah Hanim Ismail@Daud
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Care Providers ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Stigmatizing attitudes expressed by health care providers prevent some members of at-risk populations from accessing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening and care. This attitude contributes to the continuity of the infection dissemination within our community, which gives an impact on the healthcare service and the curtailment of the global HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Objective: This study was conducted to identify stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and their determinants among primary health care providers in Kinta District, Perak. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 36 primary care clinics in Kinta District, Perak. Using stratified random sampling, 365 primary health care providers were recruited into the study. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data as well as information on the healthcare experiences of healthcare providers, their knowledge of HIV/AIDS, and attitudes toward PLWHA. Determinants were identified using multiple linear regression. Results: More than half of the respondents (54.1%) had never provided care to HIV/AIDS patients. A minority (29.9%) had received training on HIV/AIDS. This study shows that doctors (Coef.= -9.50, 95% CI: -18.93, -0.07, p= 0.048), respondents with HIV-positive relatives, (Coef.= -5.61, 95% CI: -10.57, -0.65, p= 0.027), those who had provided care to HIV/AIDS patients (Coef.= -2.38, 95% CI: -4.31, -0.45, p= 0.016), and those with a higher knowledge score on HIV/AIDS (Coef.= -0.86, 95% CI: -1.59, -0.13, p= 0.021) were less likely to show stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA. Conclusion: The issue of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA among primary health care providers needs to be addressed. This study finds that knowledge, profession, experiences with caring for PLWHA, gender, and having HIV-positive relatives are significant predictors of stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA among primary health care providers in Kinta District, Perak. Interventional programs to improve knowledge and awareness, as well as decrease stigma toward PLWHA, should be implemented among all health care providers, especially those who have no opportunity to provide direct care.

scholarly journals Perceptions of People Living with HIV and HIV Healthcare Providers on Real-Time Measuring and Monitoring of Antiretroviral Adherence Using Ingestible Sensors: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kamal ◽  
Marc I. Rosen ◽  
Christina Lazar ◽  
Lisa Siqueiros ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Antiretroviral Adherence ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objective. To describe and analyze the perception and attitudes of people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV HCPs towards medication adherence with a focus on a digital medicine program (DMP) with ingestible sensors (ISs). Methods. This is a qualitative analysis pilot study of PLWH who were using DMP recruited by purposive sampling. A convenience sample of HCPs was interviewed. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was performed. Results. Fifteen PLWH were interviewed, and thematic analysis resulted in three main themes: self-identified medication adherence patterns, experiences with the DMP, and recommending the DMP to others. Six health care providers (HCPs) described barriers and facilitators to adherence, as well as advantages and disadvantages of using or recommending the DMP to PLWH. Conclusion. This study evaluated participant and provider responses to DMP, which is a novel technology for real-time measuring and monitoring adherence with the IS. Participant and provider responses were mixed, highlighting both the advantages and limitations of the technology. Practice Implications. Taking PLWH experiences into consideration will enhance the development of this and other useful tools that clinicians and researchers can use for enhanced patient care.

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