scholarly journals Creation of a chemical-technological system digital twin using the Python language

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (91) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Maksim I. Dli ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina A. Vlasova ◽  
Andrey M. Sokolov ◽  
Elvira V. Morgunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins

Currently, when modeling complex technological processes in cyber-physical systems, procedures for creating so-called "digital twins" (DT) have become widespread. DT are virtual copies of real objects which reflect their main properties at various stages of the life cycle. The use of digital twins allows real-time monitoring of the current state of the simulated system, and also provides additional opportunities for engineering and deeper customization of its components to improve the quality of products. The development of the "digital twin" technology is facilitated by the ongoing Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is characterized by the massive introduction of cyber-physical systems into production process. These systems are based on the use of the latest technologies for data processing and presentation and have a complex structure of information chain between its components. When creating digital twins of such systems elements, it is advisable to use programming languages, that allow visualization of simulated processes and provide a convenient and developed apparatus for working with complex mathematical dependencies. The Python programming language has similar characteristics. In the article, as an example of a cyber- physical system, a chemical-technological system based on a horizontal-grate machine is considered. This system is designed to implement the process of producing pellets from the apatite-nepheline ore mining wastes. The article describes various aspects of creating a digital twin of its elements that carry out the chemical-technological drying process in relation to a single pellet. The digital twin is implemented using the Python 3.7.5 programming language and provides the visualization of the process in the form of a three-dimensional interactive model. Visualization is done using the VPython library. The description of the digital twin software operation algorithm is given, as well as the type of the information system interface, the input and output information type, the results of modeling the investigated chemical-technological process. It is shown that the developed digital twin can be used in three versions: independently (Digital Twin Prototype), as an instance of a digital twin (Digital Twin Instance), and also as part of a digital twins set (Digital Twin Aggregate).

scholarly journals Towards next generation cyber-physical systems and digital twins for construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 505-525
Author(s):  
Abiola A. Akanmu ◽  
Chimay J. Anumba ◽  
Omobolanle O. Ogunseiju
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins

The construction industry continues to seek innovative ways to safely, timely and cost-effectively deliver construction projects. Several efforts have been made to automate construction processes but marginial success has been achieved in effectively reducing the long standing risks suffered by the industry. While industry 4.0 promises to improve project efficiency, reduce waste and improve productivity, the transition to this will depend on the successful adoption of many emerging technologies such as virtual design modeling technologies, sensing technologies, data analysis, storage and communication technologies, human-computer interaction technologies, and robotics. To accelerate innovation, digital twins and cyber-physical systems will be a necessity to advance automation and real-time control with these technologies. While digital twin represents a digital replica of the asplanned and as-built facility, cyber physical systems involve integration of physical systems with their digital replica through sensors and actuators. Despite evidence of the efficacy of cyber-physical systems and digital twins for reducing non-fatal injuries, enhancing safety management, improving progress monitoring and enhancing performance monitoring and control of facilities, their adoption in the construction industry is still in its infancy. This paper sheds light on the opportunities offered by cyber-physical systems and digital twins in other industry sectors and advocates for their increased deployment in the construction industry. This paper describes cyber-physical integration of emerging technologies with the physical construction or constructed facility as the next generation digital twin and cyber-physical systems. Potential scenarios of next generation cyber physical system and digital twin for improving workforce productivity, health, and safety, lifecycle management of building systems, and workforce competency are presented.

scholarly journals Digital twins as run-time predictive models for the resilience of cyber-physical systems: a conceptual framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20200369
Author(s):  
Francesco Flammini
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Digital twins (DT) are emerging as an extremely promising paradigm for run-time modelling and performability prediction of cyber-physical systems (CPS) in various domains. Although several different definitions and industrial applications of DT exist, ranging from purely visual three-dimensional models to predictive maintenance tools, in this paper, we focus on data-driven evaluation and prediction of critical dependability attributes such as safety. To that end, we introduce a conceptual framework based on autonomic systems to host DT run-time models based on a structured and systematic approach. We argue that the convergence between DT and self-adaptation is the key to building smarter, resilient and trustworthy CPS that can self-monitor, self-diagnose and—ultimately—self-heal. The conceptual framework eases dependability assessment, which is essential for the certification of autonomous CPS operating with artificial intelligence and machine learning in critical applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.

scholarly journals Effects of Industry 4.0 on the Labor Markets of Iran and Japan

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Ziaei Nafchi ◽  
Hana Mohelská
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Technology And Economy ◽  
The Impact

Industry 4.0 is the essence of the fourth Industrial revolution and is happening right now in manufacturing by using cyber-physical systems (CPS) to reach high levels of automation. Industry 4.0 is especially beneficial in highly developed countries in terms of competitive advantage, but causes unemployment because of high levels of automation. The aim of this paper is to find out if the impact of adopting Industry 4.0 on the labor markets of Iran and Japan would be the same, and to make analysis to find out whether this change is possible for Iran and Japan with their current infrastructures, economy, and policies. With the present situation of Iran in science, technology, and economy, it will be years before Iran could, or better say should, implement Industry 4.0. Japan is able to adopt Industry 4.0 much earlier than Iran and with less challenges ahead; this does not mean that the Japanese labor market would not be affected by this change but it means that those effects would not cause as many difficulties as they would for Iran.

scholarly journals How connectivity and search for producers impact production in Industry 4.0 networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-534
Author(s):  
Adriano Pereira ◽  
Eugênio De Oliveira Simonetto ◽  
Goran Putnik ◽  
Helio Cristiano Gomes Alves de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Collaborative Networks ◽  
Production Network ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Technological evolutions lead to changes in production processes; the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been called Industry 4.0, as it integrates Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things into supply chains. Large complex networks are the core structure of Industry 4.0: any node in a network can demand a task, which can be answered by one node or a set of them, collaboratively, when they are connected. In this paper, the aim is to verify how (i) network's connectivity (average degree) and (ii) the number of levels covered in nodes search impacts the total of production tasks completely performed in the network. To achieve the goal of this paper, two hypotheses were formulated and tested in a computer simulation environment developed based on a modeling and simulation study. Results showed that the higher the network's average degree is (their nodes are more connected), the greater are the number of tasks performed; in addition, generally, the greater are the levels defined in the search for nodes, the more tasks are completely executed. This paper's main limitations are related to the simulation process, which led to a simplification of production process. The results found can be applied in several Industry 4.0 networks, such as additive manufacturing and collaborative networks, and this paper is original due to the use of simulation to test this kind of hypotheses in an Industry 4.0 production network.

scholarly journals Using AutomationML and Graph-Based Design Languages for Automatic Generation of Digital Twins of Cyber-Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Beisheim ◽  
Markus Kiesel ◽  
Markus Linde ◽  
Tobias Ott
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Design Languages

The interdisciplinary development of smart factories and cyber-physical systems CPS shows the weaknesses of classical development methods. For example, the communication of the interdisciplinary participants in the development process of CPS is difficult due to a lack of cross-domain language comprehension. At the same time, the functional complexity of the systems to be developed increases and they act operationally as independent CPSs. And it is not only the product that needs to be developed, but also the manufacturing processes are complex. The use of graph-based design languages offers a technical solution to these challenges. The UML-based structures offer a cross-domain language understanding for all those involved in the interdisciplinary development process. Simulations are required for the rapid and successful development of new products. Depending on the functional scope, graphical simulations of the production equipment are used to simulate the manufacturing processes as a digital factory or a virtual commissioning simulation. Due to the high number of functional changes during the development process, it makes sense to automatically generate the simulation modelling as digital twins of the products or means of production from the graph-based design languages. The paper describes how digital twins are automatically generated using AutomationML according to the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) or the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA).

Validity Frame Supported Digital Twin Design of Complex Cyber-Physical Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Van Acker ◽  
Joost Mertens ◽  
Paul De Meulenaere ◽  
Joachim Denil
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twin

scholarly journals IoT-Based Digital Twin for Energy Cyber-Physical Systems: Design and Implementation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad ◽  
Samy Faddel ◽  
Osama Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Amazon Web Services ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
And Control

With the emergence of distributed energy resources (DERs), with their associated communication and control complexities, there is a need for an efficient platform that can digest all the incoming data and ensure the reliable operation of the power system. The digital twin (DT) is a new concept that can unleash tremendous opportunities and can be used at the different control and security levels of power systems. This paper provides a methodology for the modelling of the implementation of energy cyber-physical systems (ECPSs) that can be used for multiple applications. Two DT types are introduced to cover the high-bandwidth and the low-bandwidth applications that need centric oversight decision making. The concept of the digital twin is validated and tested using Amazon Web Services (AWS) as a cloud host that can incorporate physical and data models as well as being able to receive live measurements from the different actual power and control entities. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the real-time implementation of the DT for the ECPS based on internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies. The normalized mean-square error for the low-bandwidth DT case was 3.7%. In the case of a high-bandwidth DT, the proposed method showed superior performance in reconstructing the voltage estimates, with 98.2% accuracy from only the controllers’ states.

ROBIN: An open-source middleware for plug‘n’produce of Cyber-Physical Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 172988142091031
Author(s):  
Rafael Arrais ◽  
Paulo Ribeiro ◽  
Henrique Domingos ◽  
Germano Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mobile Manipulator ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Data Interchange ◽  
Automation Equipment

Motivated by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is an ever-increasing need to integrated Cyber-Physical Systems in industrial production environments. To address the demand for flexible robotics in contemporary industrial environments and the necessity to integrate robots and automation equipment in an efficient manner, an effective, bidirectional, reliable and structured data interchange mechanism is required. As an answer to these requirements, this article presents ROBIN, an open-source middleware for achieving interoperability between the Robot Operating System and CODESYS, a softPLC that can run on embedded devices and that supports a variety of fieldbuses and industrial network protocols. The referred middleware was successfully applied and tested in various industrial applications such as battery management systems, motion, robotic manipulator and safety hardware control, and horizontal integration between a mobile manipulator and a conveyor system.

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