scholarly journals When Government Transparency Risks Reinforcing Racist Stereotypes and Residential Segregation

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-78
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Government Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Presentation Formats ◽  
High Crime

Transparency requires that online government information be both numerically accurate and ‘cognitively accessible’ to members of the public. This paper provides a normative critique of various crime-data presentation formats informed by the literature on cognitive biases with regard to quantitative information. The analysis finds that interactive crime maps often apply (1) relative scaling, (2) arbitrary rate-magnification, (3) context-free absolute numbers, (4) ratios of small proportions, and (5) wrong baselines of comparison. These formats risk portraying non-White and/or Hispanic urban areas as ‘high crime’ in absolute rather than relative terms. This may discourage cautious (White) individuals from visiting, doing business in, or relocating to such neighborhoods, thus reinforcing residential segregation. Proportional scaling may provide an easy solution: In 2017, New York City emerges as a safe zone with regard to violent crime. Proportional scaling is easy to implement and it may help prevent inadvertent reinforcement of racist stereotypes and residential segregation.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Group Practice ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Wide Experience

THE two communications in this issue are from Dr. George Baehr, President of the New York Academy of Medicine, an organization which has a long tradition of study of the problems of medical care. First is the statement made in behalf of this Academy before the Senate Committee which has been hearing testimony concerned with the various medical care bills now before Congress. This statement is a succinct and thoughtful appraisal of these bills and indicates that S-1970 (Flanders-Ives-Herter-Javits Bill) comes nearest to meeting the Academy's requirements for a voluntary prepaid comprehensive medical service plan. The second communication is Dr. Baehr's analysis and comments upon S-1970 (Flanders-Ives-Herter-Javits Bill). He points out that, in the words of Senator Flanders, S-1970 is essentially a "'voluntary health insurance bill calling for compulsory public contribution,'" which is to take the form of a subsidy for the operating deficits of voluntary prepayment agencies. Other outstanding features of the bill are the provisions designed to stimulate group practice and the requirement that subscription charges shall vary with income. The implications of a subsidy for the operating deficits of voluntary agencies and the fostering of group practice on a nation-wide scale will warrant careful study. It should also be noted that individuals with wide experience in existing prepayment organizations have expressed real concern as to the feasibility of private organizations doing business with clients on a sliding premium basis.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Settler Colonialism and the Revolutionary War

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-35
Author(s):  
Andrea Lynn Smith
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Revolutionary War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
End Point ◽  
Indian Land ◽  
Indian Relations ◽  
Major General

The centerpiece of New York State’s 150th anniversary of the Sullivan Expedition of 1779 was a pageant, the “Pageant of Decision.” Major General John Sullivan’s Revolutionary War expedition was designed to eliminate the threat posed by Iroquois allied with the British. It was a genocidal operation that involved the destruction of over forty Indian villages. This article explores the motivations and tactics of state officials as they endeavored to engage the public in this past in pageant form. The pageant was widely popular, and served the state in fixing the expedition as the end point in settler-Indian relations in New York, removing from view decades of expropriations of Indian land that occurred well after Sullivan’s troops left.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

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