scholarly journals Arsenic Mobilization Process in Shallow Aquifer of Bengal Delta Plain: A Field Scale Study to Identify the Role of Coliform Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 372-382
Author(s):  
Pinaki Ghosh ◽  
Ayan Das ◽  
Madhurina Majunder ◽  
Samir Kumar Mukherjee ◽  
Debashis Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Bengal Delta ◽  
Delta Plain

In Bengal Delta Plain (BDP), shallow aquifer (<50 m) is often contaminated with Arsenic (As). The phenomenon is wide spread in nature thought the BDP notable in Nadia district of west Bengal. The present study highlights a primary screening of As, Fe, MPN and FC in monitored shallow wells. The study designed for two different sites (site-A, High As and site-B Low As area). The water quality monitoring results suggest that high As concentration (Range- 103-171 μgL-1) has been noticed in site A when compared with site B (range-53-99 μgL-1). In sites A, the Fe concentration is high and low in site B. The correlation study (r2) between arsenic and iron are also determined. The value of r2 is 0.94 for site A and 0.73 for site B. The water quality results suggest that the nature of the monitor aquifer is anoxic in nature with low Eh, DO absent and low NO3- and SO4+. Major anion is HCO3- (376 mgL-1) followed by Cl- (28 mgL-1). However chloride concentration is largely varying in the monitored tube well. Microbial study (MPN & FC count) also indicates some relationship among MPN (r2-0.32) and Fe (r2 -0.24). However the relationship is scatter when As concentration is low. The linear trended has also obtained when both As, MPN and FC are high. The physical observation of plate count (Color reaction in Chromo colt Agar) has also been observed. This is a clear indicator of fecal coli form contamination. The study indicates that the microbial mobilization of As is the key factor for enrichment of As in ground water. The possible sources of the microbes are local land-use pattern (notable pit-latrine). Finally, the study highlights the role of coli forms bacteria (Both facultative and non-facultative) are wide spread in shallow rural aquifer of Bengal. Thus microbial process possibly enriches arsenic in shallow ground water.

scholarly journals Influence of chemical fertilizers on arsenic mobilization in the alluvial Bengal delta plain: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shajedul Islam ◽  
M. G. Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Arsenic Mobilization ◽  
Bengal Delta ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Arsenic In Groundwater ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
High Arsenic

Abstract Arsenic contamination of alluvial aquifers of the Bengal delta plain causes a serious threat to human health for over 75 million people. The study aimed to explore the impacts of chemical fertilizer on arsenic mobilization in the sedimentary deposition of the alluvial Bengal delta plain. It selected ten comparatively higher affected Districts and the least affected two Divisions as a referral study site. The countrywide pooled concentration of arsenic in groundwater was 109.75 μg/L (52.59, 166.91) at a 95% confidence interval, which was double the national guideline value (50 μg/L). The analysis results showed a strong positive correlation (r ≥ 0.5) of arsenic with NO3, NH4, PO4, SO4, Ca, and K, where a portion of those species originated from fertilizer leaching into groundwater. The results showed that PO4 played a significant influence in arsenic mobilization, but the role of NO3, SO4, and NH4 was not clear at certain lithological conditions. It also showed that clay, peat, silt-clay, and rich microbial community with sufficiently organic carbon loaded soils could lead to an increase in arsenic mobilization. Finally, the study observed that the overall lithological conditions are the main reason for the high arsenic load in the study area.

scholarly journals Geoelectric resistivity sounding for deciphering hydrogeology and locating deep tubewell installation sites in Puroshava area of Bagerhat, Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
A. S.M. Woobaidullah ◽  
Mohammad Zohir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Deep Aquifer ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Clay Lenses

The study area includes Bagerhat Pouroshava and its surroundings under Bagerhat Sadar Upazila covering an area of 7.53 sq. km with a population of about 50,000. Bagerhat is a coastal district and the subsurface geology is complicated. As in other areas of the coastal belt the quality of ground water in the area is also variable. For ground water development in the study area the shallow aquifer is not suitable as the water is mostly saline to brackish except some isolated fresh water pockets of limited yielding capacity. The deep aquifer is also not very homogeneous in water quality. In the northwestern part it bears fresh water but water quality deteriorates south-southeast with higher depth of occurrence. A comprehensive study is carried out to demarcate the aquifers and to judge the water quality to find the suitable location of the deep tube wells in Bagerhat Pouroshava area. Fifteen geoelectric soundings have been executed in the study area using Schlumberger configuration with maximum spreading of 1200 m. Based on the vertical electrical sounding interpretation results the subsurface sequence is divided into following geoelectric units: The top unit has resistivity less than 5.0 Ωm with a thickness of 1.5 to 20 m and represents the top clay­ silty/sandy clay layer. The second geoelectric unit represents a very fine to  medium  sand  with  thin  clay  lenses  and resistivity varying from 5.0 Ωm  to more than  100.0 Ωm  with a  thickness  of  16 to  135  m. The resistivity of the following unit ranges from l.40 Ωm to 4.8 Ωm and thickness varies from 100 m to more than 300 m. The deepest geoelectric unit shows resistivity from 8.0 Ωm to 18.0 Ωm and represents the deep aquifer. The depth to the aquifer varies from 235 m to 355 m. The most suitable site for groundwater development from the deep aquifer is in the vicinity of East Saira of Shatgambuj union.

scholarly journals Household stored water quality in an intermittent water supply network in Panama

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Carlos I. Gonzalez ◽  
John Erickson ◽  
Karina A. Chavarría ◽  
Kara L. Nelson ◽  
Amador Goodridge
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria

Abstract Safe water storage is critical to preserve water quality, especially when intermittent piped drinking water supply creates a need for household storage. This study characterized household storage practices and stored water quality in 94 households (N = 94) among four peri-urban neighborhoods in Arraiján, Panama with varying degrees of supply intermittency. We found that 18 (19.1%) households stored drinking water in unsafe containers. Forty-four (47%) samples of household stored drinking water had residual chlorine levels &lt;0.2 mg/L. While 33 (35.1%) samples were positive for total coliform bacteria, only 23 (24.4%) had &gt;10 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL total coliform bacteria. Eight (44%) samples were positive for Escherichia coli, whereas only one (1.3%) sample from the safe containers was positive. Twenty-nine (30.9%) samples had &gt;500 MPN/mL heterotrophic plate count bacteria. These findings suggest that longer supply interruptions were associated with longer storage times and lower chlorine residual, which were associated with higher concentrations of indicator bacteria. This is one of the first studies in the Central-American region to show an association between the lack of turnover (replacement with fresh water) and greater contamination during household water storage. Thus, when drinking water supply is not completely continuous and household storage is required, decreasing the time between supply periods can facilitate safer water storage. Public awareness and education are also recommended to increase hygiene practices during water collection and storage.

Role of Major and Minor Constituents in Ground Water Quality of Industrial Area, Ahmednagar

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Patil S.S Patil S.S ◽  
◽  
Gandhe H.D Gandhe H.D ◽  
Ghorade I.B Ghorade I.B
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Minor Constituents

Role of Major and Minor Constituents in Ground Water Quality of Industrial Area, Aurangabad. M.s. India

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-336
Author(s):  
Hassan A. S. S Hassan A. S. S ◽  
◽  
Ghorade I. B Ghorade I. B ◽  
Patil S.S Patil S.S
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Minor Constituents

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sujan Maharjan ◽  
Tista Prasai Joshi ◽  
Rashim Koju ◽  
Sujan Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Ammonia Content

The limited availability, accessibility and deterioration of the water quality in Kathmandu valley have led to the high demand of ground water. This study aims to evaluate ground water quality of the Kathmandu valley. In this study, the physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed using standard procedures. Also, total coliforms were enumerated using standard membrane filtration technique to quantify the bacterial contamination. Water samples were collected from July 2017 to July 2018. The results revealed that 56% and 73% of well and boring water samples, respectively exceeded standard value of iron recommended by National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005. Likewise, ammonia content was higher in 41% of well water and 35% of boring water samples than standard. However, few numbers of water samples were contaminated with arsenic (0.27% and 2.6% of well and boring water samples, respectively) and nitrate (3% and 8% of well and boring water samples, respectively). Besides, 96% of well water samples and 88% of boring water samples were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. Our data indicated that groundwater quality of Kathmandu valley was poor, which was not suitable for direct drinking purposes. Therefore, regular monitoring and treatment of groundwater is recommended before using accordingly.

Rapid enzymatic detection of heterotrophic activity of environmental bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tryland ◽  
L. Fiksdal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Enzymatic Detection ◽  
General Indicator

Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) is considered a useful general indicator of water quality. However, the analysis time is too long (48-72h) to provide information about a decrease in water quality that may require immediate remedial measures. High numbers of heterotrophic bacteria (HB) may also interact in the analysis of coliform bacteria resulting in false low numbers. Limited information is available on the variation of cellular 4-methylumbelliferyl-heptanoate hydrolase (MUHase) activity of HB under different environmental conditions and it is not known if MUHase activity exists in all HB. In this study, MUHase activity has been evaluated for rapid (25min) detection of HPC. The MUHase activity of different bacterial isolates from environmental water samples varied by several log units. Natural water samples showed less variation in activity calculated per CFU, indicating a relatively constant ratio between numbers of bacteria with high and low enzyme levels. The MUHase activity therefore provided a rapid estimate of the HPC of the water samples. The MUHase activity was more resistant to chlorine than the HPC, and separate HPC versus MUHase activity correlation curves should be established for chlorinated and non-chlorinated water.

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