scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Groundwater Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sujan Maharjan ◽  
Tista Prasai Joshi ◽  
Rashim Koju ◽  
Sujan Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Ammonia Content

The limited availability, accessibility and deterioration of the water quality in Kathmandu valley have led to the high demand of ground water. This study aims to evaluate ground water quality of the Kathmandu valley. In this study, the physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed using standard procedures. Also, total coliforms were enumerated using standard membrane filtration technique to quantify the bacterial contamination. Water samples were collected from July 2017 to July 2018. The results revealed that 56% and 73% of well and boring water samples, respectively exceeded standard value of iron recommended by National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005. Likewise, ammonia content was higher in 41% of well water and 35% of boring water samples than standard. However, few numbers of water samples were contaminated with arsenic (0.27% and 2.6% of well and boring water samples, respectively) and nitrate (3% and 8% of well and boring water samples, respectively). Besides, 96% of well water samples and 88% of boring water samples were contaminated with total coliform bacteria. Our data indicated that groundwater quality of Kathmandu valley was poor, which was not suitable for direct drinking purposes. Therefore, regular monitoring and treatment of groundwater is recommended before using accordingly.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kamal Koju ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Raut
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Who Standards

This research was conducted to analyze drinking water quality of Kathmandu valley. Total 969 water samples (392 from dug wells, 287 from deep boring, 218 from treated water, 46 from tap and 26 from other water sources) received from different places of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts during March 2012 to March 2013. These samples were analyzed for the determination of physical (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity), chemical (hardness, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, nitrate) and microbiological (total Coliform) parameters. It was found that the temperature and nitrate were within the WHO standards while pH, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, and Coliform bacteria exceeded the WHO standard guideline. In ground water ( well and Boring), pH, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, iron, arsenic, chloride, ammonia and total Coliform count crossed WHO standards as 5%, 2%, 0.8%, 36%, 51%, 0.1%, 2%, 11% and 86 % respectively. Hardness was within the standard in both  reated and tap water samples. Compared to treated water, pH, arsenic and chloride were within the standard in tap water. The common problematic parameters of different sources of drinking were turbidity, iron, ammonia and conductivity. Coliform bacteria were found in 36% samples of treated water whereas 80% tap water samples were contaminated from Coliform bacteria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12027Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 115-120

scholarly journals Assess impact ability of waste-water of Vinh Loc industrial zone to running water quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Van Thi Thuy Le ◽  
Nga Ngoc Dao
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Running Water

At Vinh Loc industrial zone, people exploit well-water for domestic purpose. Pleistocene and upper Pliocene aquifers have been exploited primarily because of their qualities. The authors carried out a survey of surface water and ground water quality at the industrial zone to clarify the effect of waste- water to running water. Well-water samples were collected at both two aquifers and arranged toward underground flow. In addition, some of waste-water samples were also collected. The results showed that well-water quality is good, however, ammonia, iron, coliform, suspended solid were found in waste- water and exceeded the standard. The authors accessed influenced ability of waste-water to ground water by studying hydrological geology features of this area. Some of well-water samples had iron, ammonia content that exceeded the standard. It may be due to waste-water from the industrial zone. The surface water received the waste-water and geological features were the favorable conditions for polluted substances that can be flow to aquifers for time.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals Dinamika hidrokimia air tanah pada Akuifer Pasiran Pulau Yeben Raja Ampat, Papua Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Septian Vienastra
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Ground Water Quality

The quality of coastal ground water on small islands has characteristics that are influenced by environmental and area factors. Yeben Island is a small island with an area of 0.57 km2 with priority coastal and marine tourism areas in the islands of Raja Ampat. This study aims to (1) analyze levels of ground water quality parameters and (2) analyze water samples against water quality standards. Groundwater samples taken as many as 4 samples from the study location. The location of water samples is in the morphology of the coastal plain. The analysis of each physical and chemical parameter of each groundwater sample is carried out by comparing the value of drinking water quality standards. The results are presented in a comparison table of quality standards and a graph of scaled values.Based on the results, the laboratory shows that it exceeds the quality standard of physical elements and chemical elements including fluoride, hardness, sulfate and organic substances. In general, the quality of water is poor. Poor ground water quality occurs due to the influence of sea water intrusion.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wastewater Quality of Paharang Drain and its Impact on the Ground Water Quality of Adjacent Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Nawaz ◽  
Asma Jamil ◽  
Noreddine Ghaffour
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study was conducted to assess the effect of wastewater quality of Paharang drain Faisalabad on ground water quality of adjacent areas. Ground water samples and drain water samples were collected and analyzed by using standard methods. Parameters of wastewater samples were compared with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). Results indicated that physico-chemical parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, fluoride and total hardness were found exceeding the permissible limits in wastewater samples. Similarly, few physicochemical parameters in groundwater were found within the permissible limit while electrical conductivity (EC), TDS, chlorides (Cl), fluoride (F), and total hardness in most of samples were found above the Pak EPA and WHO standard limits. Heavy metals like nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) were found within the prescribed concentrations in drain and ground water samples. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of some drain wastewater parameters like conductivity, TDS, salt, temperature, and Cl on the corresponding ground water quality. A strong positive correlation between pH, EC, TDS, Salt, and Cl in drain wastewater and strong positive correlation between EC, TDS and Salt in ground water samples was observed. For improving the ground water quality in the adjacent areas textile wastewater treatment all factories is required, and a combined effluent treatment plant (CETP) at the Paharang drain is also recommended.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metals, Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics to Determine the Water Quality of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Waqar Ahmad ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams ◽  
Haq Nawaz Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Afzal Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Usama Zafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Lower Indus Basin

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan. Eighty- two water samples were collected from forty-one locations of lower Indus Basin (Kashmore to Keti-Bander) during pre and post monsoon seasons. The variation pattern in the water quality has been observed in both seasons. The samples were analysed for physical quality (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity and conductivity), chemical quality (chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphate, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and nitrate) and biological quality (coliform bacteria). The study reveals that the concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium in water samples during both seasons were slightly higher than the permissible limits, whereas, all other parameters were within WHO guidelines. The higher concentration of heavy metals must be rectified by the concerned authorities in order to protect human health.  

scholarly journals Comparison of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of different brands of bottled water with well water in Lesotho using principal component analysis

Water SA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3 July) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khothalang E Molefe ◽  
Lineo Williams ◽  
Mosotho J George ◽  
Sissay B Mekbib
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Microbiological Analysis

Water, though vital for life, is also the route for transmission of water-borne diseases. Bottled water is consumed worldwide for its accessibility and the public perception of purity. However, this perception is usually not based on experimental results to confirm or invalidate it, especially where the sample commodity is not adequately tested for quality. In this study, different bottled water brands in Lesotho were compared to tap and well water samples sourced locally. The standard water testing methods were used to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality of these samples. The physicochemical parameters such as hardness, alkalinity, pH, chloride, conductivity and nitrate content were below WHO acceptable limits for all water samples tested. Upon the employment of multivariate statistics, one of the bottled water samples (C) was completely indistinguishable from the two well water samples collected in the local village. On the other hand, microbiological analysis indicated that the water samples designated as C (bottle water brand), F (tap water), G (Ha-Mafefooane) and H (Roma community water) had a high microbial load and were contaminated with Escherichia coli, while A, B, D and E samples contained Staphylococcus spp. The presence of such indicator organisms suggests possible poor hygiene during processing. It is therefore recommended that stricter policy measures be taken to regularly monitor bottled water quality, before and after production and storage, to fulfil the basic water quality standards of WHO. Public awareness should also be created that bottled water may still be impure, despite appearing attractive and convenient.

scholarly journals Poor Quality of Treated Water in Kathmandu: Comparison with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujan Maharjan ◽  
Tista Prasai Joshi ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Treated Water

Objectives: In order to evaluate the quality assurance of drinking water in Kathmandu valley, this study analyzed selected physiochemical and microbial parameters of treated water samples and compared with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). Methods: Treated water samples were collected from all over the Kathmandu valley and analyzed in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters over the period of one year from July 2017 to July 2018. The physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The total coliforms were enumerated by standard membrane filtration technique. Results: We report that microbiological aspect of treated water was the major problem as 66% of the water samples crossed the guideline value for total coliform count. Above 92% of jar water samples, 77% of tanker water samples and 69% of filtered water samples had the total coliform count exceeding the NDWQS. Moreover, 20% of bottled water was contaminated by coliform bacteria. Iron and ammonia content were found to be higher than the guideline values in 16% and 21% of the total treated water samples respectively. Analyzing the types of treated water samples showed that 35% and 15% of tanker water samples had higher ammonia and iron content respectively, and the same parameters were higher in 23% and 19% in the filtered water samples respectively than the standard criteria recommended by NDWQS. Conclusion: The treated water samples exceed the standard values set by NDWQS and hence had poor quality. The presence of faecal pollution indicating coliform bacteria was the key problem for treated drinking water of Kathmandu valley. Therefore, monitoring and proper treatment of water should be conducted to prevent dissemination of waterborne diseases.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Drinking Well Water near Dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328
Author(s):  
K.O. Yusuf ◽  
I.B. Sadiku ◽  
O.S. Abioye
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to determine the quality of drinking well water near dumpsite at Ogidi-Oloje, Ilorin, Kwara State. Open wells near dumpsite could be polluted due to percolation of chemicals from the decomposition of refuse and scraps of electronic boards having potential of causing diseases to man. Most people at Ogidi-Oloje Ilorin depend on open wells near dumpsite for drinking water during dry season. Water samples were collected from seven open wells (W1 - W6) 9.2 - 18.2 m away from dumpsite and the control well W7 was 45.0 m away from the dumpsite. Physicochemical and bacteriological properties were determined from the water samples during dry season (March, 2019) and rainy season (July, 2019). Phosphate, Cadmium, Lead, Feacal coliform were not detected during dry season but only Feacal coliform was not detected in the water during rainy season. All the values of physicochemical properties of the water were within WHO permissible limits except Iron and Cadmium that above the limits which could cause diseases to mankind. Values of Iron during dry season for six well sources were 3.61, 4.02, 4.26, 3.25, 5.14 and 7.24 mg/L while values for rainy season and control were 0.715, 1.410, 0.650, 0.049, 0.780, 1.110 and 0.775 mg/L(control) but WHO limits is 0.03mg/L. Concentrations of Cadmium in the water during rainy season were 0.010, 0.015, 0.015, 0.020, 0.015, 0.015 and 0.02mg/L(control) but WHO limit is 0.003 mg/L. This study revealed that the water is suitable for consumption during dry season but unsuitable during rainy season. Keywords: well water quality, groundwater pollution, water diseases, dumpsite

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER UNDER SOME URBAN AREAS WITHIN SANA’A SECRETERIAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadie S.T AL- Ariqi ◽  
Abduljalil A.D.S Ghaleb
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Base Exchange ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Almost All

Groundwater from nine wells of three different districts, located at Sana’a  secretariat was analyzed for hydrochemical quality assessment. Measurements of water quality parameters including pH, EC, CO32-, HCO3-,Cl-,NO3-,SO4 2-,Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, K+, and Na+ were carried out . Classification of the groundwater samples according to Cl, SO4 2-, CO32- and HCO3-, hardness(H), total dissolved solids (TDS), base-exchange, and meteoric genesis was demonstrated. Suitability of ground water samples for irrigation and industrial uses according to sodium adsorption ration (SAR), ratio of dissolved sodium (RDS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and saturation index (SI) was also investigated. The results of this study showed that almost all ground water samples were of good quality that makes them suitable for drinking and  domestic uses. Results also indicated that even though some of the ground water samples were suitable for irrigation purposes, almost all of them were found not be good for industrial uses. Despite all drawbacks of the sewerage system built around Sana’a secretariat at the beginning of the first decade of the third millennium, the results of this study indicate that there is scope of significant improvement in Sana’a secretariat ground water quality.

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