scholarly journals Localizing Cultural Ethos of Classic Literature: Experiment with an Odia Classic, ‘Chatura Binoda’

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Rudranarayan Mohapatra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Classic Literature ◽  
Hindi Language

Localization is a process of adopting a culture and/or the reflection of a culture, what is true for Odia literature is more or less true for literature from other states also. Globalization, in many subtle ways, devalues the “local” and encourages a homogenization of culture. Here, localization has a role to play in establishing the uniqueness of the “local,” in this instance Odisha or India. Localization assumes vital importance for it establishes a dialogue between language and culture and acquaints communities with other ways of looking at life and experience. Localization is the force that makes it possible to imagine such a map—a map that, when fully sketched, would represent a wonderland of literary riches from diverse languages, all made intelligible to one another. In this paper, to understand the above things along with how the factors of localization components affect cultural ethos, we have adopted the iceberg model of culture and catalyzed it upon an eighteenth-century Odia classic Chatura Binoda, the masterpiece of poet Brajanath Badajena by localizing the same to Hindi language and as a result, determine how the deep-rooted cultural ethos is being loosened irrespective of the knowledge of both language and culture.

Palmares: An African State in Brazil

1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
African State ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
The West ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Abolitionist Movement ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
West India Company

Without slaves from Africa, reported an early Portuguese source, ‘it is impossible to do anything in Brazil’ Although prior arrivals are suspected, the first known landing of slaves from Africa on Brazilian soil took place in 1552. In 1580, five years after the founding of Loanda and on the eve of Brazil's sugar boom, there were no fewer than 10,000 Africans in Brazil. Fifty years later, Pernambuco alone imported 4,400 slaves annually from Africa. It also contained 150 engenhos, or a third of the total sugar-mill and plantation complex in Brazil. In 1630, the Dutch West India Company (WIC) captured Pernambuco, and within a decade Portugal had abandoned Brazil to the Dutch. It was ultimately the decision of local settlers, the moradores, to fight the West India Company that led to restoration of Portuguese control in 1654. The Dutch retreat from Brazil, however, was secured through a joint Afro-Portuguese effort which gave the Black Regiment of Henrique Dias its colonial fame. If early settlement and a sugar-based economy could not have been sustained without the African labourer, neither could the Portuguese continue to hold Brazil without the African soldier. The subsequent evolution of Brazil is no less a story of Euro-African enterprise. Exploitation of gold and diamonds in the eighteenth century, pioneering shifts of population from the coast to the interior, dilution of monoculture, formation of mining states or advent of an abolitionist movement in the nineteenth century were all dependent on the same combination. The blend of race, language and culture in contemporary Brazil confirms this evolution.

Introduction: The Jews of Galicia under the Habsburgs

1999 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Israel Bartal ◽  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

This introductory chapter charts the history of the Galician Jews. It starts from the beginnings of Jewish settlement in Galicia during the eighteenth century and culminates in the outbreak of the Second World War. For centuries the area had a large Jewish population dispersed throughout hundreds of large and small towns, villages, and estates, and the history of this community is inseparable from the history of Polish Jewry. In Galicia, as elsewhere in Poland, the Jews combined the Ashkenazi tradition of study of Mishnah and halakhic literature with mysticism, which played a central role in the Sabbatean movement and the emergence of hasidism. On the other hand, however, several generations of Austrian rule and exposure to the German language and culture left their mark and drew the Jews of the region towards central European culture.

scholarly journals Language and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Zhivov ◽  
Marcus Levitt ◽  
National Endowment for the Humaniti
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Language And Culture

ENSLAVED MALAGASY AND ‘LE TRAVAIL DE LA PAROLE’ IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY MASCARENES

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIER M. LARSON
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Ocean Islands

ABSTRACTMalagasy speakers probably formed the single largest native speech community among slaves dispersed into the western Indian Ocean between 1500 and 1900. In the eighteenth-century Mascarenes, Malagasy parlers (dialects) served as a contact language, understood both by persons born in Madagascar and by those with no direct ties to the island. Catholic missionaries working in Bourbon and Île de France frequently evangelized among sick and newly disembarked Malagasy slaves in their own tongues, employing servile interpreters and catechists from their ecclesiastical plantations as intermediaries in their ‘work of the word’. Evangelistic style was multilingual, in both French and Malagasy, and largely verbal, but was also informed by Malagasy vernacular manuscripts of Church doctrine set in Roman characters. The importance of Malagasy in the Mascarenes sets the linguistic environment of the islands off in distinctive ways from those of Atlantic slave societies and requires scholars to rethink the language and culture history of the western Indian Ocean islands, heretofore focused almost exclusively on studies of French and its creoles.

scholarly journals Courts, Law, Language and Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Ditlev Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
National Language ◽  
German Language ◽  
Legal Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The University ◽  
Common Understanding

AbstractThis article deals with some questions of legal language in the Nordic countries. It stresses the fact that, while there is no common legal language among these countries, there is still a strong common understanding even though each language (i.e., Danish, Norwegian and Swedish; Finnish is a different language) has also developed its own terminology. Nordic legal language has its roots in the first written form of the law in the years before and after 1200. Later, legal language was influenced by the German language, and, to some degree, more recently by English. The language of Nordic courts was always the vernacular. At the university, Latin was used until the eighteenth century (in dissertations still in the first part of the nineteenth century), but today studies of law are carried out in Nordic languages. There remains a great need for scholarly works on Nordic law in Nordic languages at a time when the balance between international orientation and the necessity of producing scholarly works in the national language is an issue to be discussed.

scholarly journals Issues in Attribution and Expert Assessment of the Decorative Porcelain Objects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Information Interpretation ◽  
Modern Russian

This paper explores the main issues in professional attribution and methodology for the expert assessment of decorative porcelain works. Expert assessment of such works consists of a range of examinations, including studies of technological peculiarities, marking of items, stylistic, heraldic and epigraphic analysis. The history of Russian porcelain is heavily influenced by various trends in European art, as well as events in Russian history. In each stage of development of locally produced porcelain, marks on the items were used in different way and presented a different range of information. Interpretation of these marks provides an important source of attribution and establishment of provenance and, therefore, is of vital importance for any professional working with Russian porcelain. This article provides information on the porcelain markings from the establishment of first porcelain factories in eighteenth-century Russia during the imperial period, before discussing markings on Soviet porcelain and, finally, giving examples of contemporary marks used by modern Russian factories. Keywords: attribution, expertise, porcelain, decorative plastic, sculpture, decoration, brand names, hallmarks, author’s signatures

Out of Laughter

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-241
Author(s):  
George Oppitz-Trotman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Central European ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
European Populations

The Thirty Years’ War and its associated deprivations rapidly curtailed the activities of travelling players. In 1620, just as it began, plays explicitly associated with the English Comedians entered print for the first time. Meanwhile Martin Opitz and other poets began to emphasize the importance of rescuing a specifically German language and culture from the chaos that was said to be threatening it. This chapter shows how these new concepts of tragic purity, central to many of the achievements of German baroque drama, depended on implicit castigation and derogation of travelling theatre and the comic medley associated with it. Drawing on a wide range of mid-seventeenth-century social, literary, and visual sources, the long-term influence of the English Comedians is discovered like a photographic negative in the received picture of German baroque drama. The transformation of the English professional clown into a multimedia figure used for satire and travesty, and ultimately into a metonym for the entire tradition of itinerant theatre, is linked to eighteenth-century banishments of the the comic figure, banishments through which once again the alleged formal purity of the dramatic canon could be defended and refreshed. A close connection is established between high art in a German dramatic tradition and the imputed degradations thought to have been effected by the travelling theatre, linked as it was to the damage and misery inflicted by foreign mercenaries on central European populations during the Thirty Years’ War.

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