KI-Start-Ups in der Pharmaindustrie: Gründungscluster, Schwerpunkte und Nischen

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Johann Valentowitsch ◽  
Theresa Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Start Ups

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden KI-Start-Ups aus der Pharma- und Gesundheitsbranche analysiert. Um weltweite Gründungscluster sowie die Arbeitsschwerpunkte der Unternehmen in diesen Clustern aufzudecken, werden Unternehmensbeschreibungen aus der Crunchbase-Datenbank mithilfe einer Clusteranalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Clusteranalyse zeigen, dass die technologische Entwicklung von Start-Ups aus dem anglo-amerikanischen Raum dominiert wird. Unternehmen aus den USA, Großbritannien und Kanada arbeiten dabei schwerpunktmäßig an der Entwicklung von KI-basierten Verfahren für die Arzneimittelforschung. Start-Ups aus Großbritannien engagieren sich zudem in der Entwicklung intelligenter Data-Management-Systeme für den Gesundheitssektor. Vor dem Hintergrund der starken internationalen Konkurrenz wird für deutsche Unternehmen die Verfolgung einer Nischenstrategie empfohlen. Mit Blick auf die KI-gestützte Entwicklung von Biomarkern wird dabei ein Anwendungsfeld mit echtem Aufhol- und Anschlusspotenzial identifiziert, in dem die internationale Konkurrenz noch nicht stark vertreten ist. In this paper, AI startups from the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries are analyzed. In order to uncover global startup clusters and the focus of work in these clusters, company descriptions from the Crunchbase database are evaluated using a cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis show that technological development is dominated by start-ups from the Anglo-American region. Companies from the USA, the UK and Canada are focusing on the development of AI-based technologies for drug discovery. Start-ups from the UK are also involved in the development of intelligent data management systems for the healthcare sector. Against the background of strong international competition, it is recommended for German companies to pursue a niche strategy. With regard to AI-based development of biomarkers, this study identifies a field of application with real potential for catching up and connecting, in which the international competition is not yet strongly represented.

Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract The increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.

A systematic review of Lean in healthcare: a global prospective

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1370-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiju Antony ◽  
Vijaya Sunder M. ◽  
Raja Sreedharan ◽  
Ayon Chakraborty ◽  
Angappa Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Fostered by a rapid spread beyond the manufacturing sector, Lean philosophy for continuous improvement has been widely used in service organizations, primarily in the healthcare sector. However, there is a limited research on the motivating factors, challenges and benefits of implementing Lean in healthcare. Taking this as a valuable opportunity, the purpose of this paper is to present the key motivating factors, limitations or challenges of Lean deployment, benefits of Lean in healthcare and key gaps in the literature as an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the secondary data from the literature (peer-reviewed journal articles) published between 2000 and 2016 to understand the state of the art. The systematic review identified 101 articles across 88 journals recognized by the Association of Business Schools ranking guide 2015. Findings The systematic review helped the authors to identify the evolution, current trends, research gaps and an agenda for future research for Lean in healthcare. A bouquet of motivating factors, challenges/limitations and benefits of Lean in healthcare are presented. Practical implications The implications of this work include directions for managers and healthcare professionals in healthcare organizations to embark on a focused Lean journey aligned with the strategic objectives. This work could serve as a valuable resource to both practitioners and researchers for learning, investigating and rightly adapting the Lean in the healthcare sector. Originality/value This study is perhaps one of the comprehensive systematic literature reviews covering an important agenda of Lean in Healthcare. All the text, figures and tables featured here are original work carried by five authors in collaboration (from three countries, namely, India, the USA and the UK).

scholarly journals A global emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol from historic records of fossil fuel and biofuel consumption for the period 1860–1997

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Junker ◽  
C. Liousse
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Country by country emission inventories for carbonaceous aerosol for the period 1860 to 1997 have been constructed on the basis of historic fuel production, use and trade data sets published by the United Nation's Statistical Division UNSTAT (1997), Etemad et al. (1991) and Mitchell (1992, 1993, 1995). The inventories use emission factors variable over time, which have been determined according to changes in technological development. The results indicate that the industrialisation period since 1860 was accompanied by a steady increase in black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (POC) emissions up to 1910. The calculations show a moderate decrease of carbonaceous aerosol emissions between 1920 and 1930, followed by an increase up to 1990, the year when emissions began to decrease again. Changes in BC and POC emissions prior to the year 1950 are essentially driven by the USA, Germany and the UK. The USSR, China and India become substantial contributors to carbonaceous aerosol emissions after 1950. Emission maps have been generated with a 1°×1° resolution based on the relative population density in each country. They will provide a helpful tool for assessing the effect of carbonaceous aerosol emissions on observed climate changes of the past.

scholarly journals Collective Identity, Anglo-Saxon Bond and the Persistence of the Anglo-American Special Relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ruike Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cold War

There have been many “end of affair” comments on the Anglo-American special relationship (AASR) in the post-Cold War era. Notwithstanding this, the AASR has managed to persist without losing its vitality up to the present. This article seeks to explain the persistence of the AASR from the perspective of collective identity. It argues that a strong Anglo-American collective identity has been an indispensable positive contributor to the persistence of the AASR after the end of the Cold War. The strong Anglo-American collective identity facilitates Anglo-American common threat perceptions, solidifies embedded trust between the UK and the USA, and prescribes norms of appropriate behaviour for these two countries.

scholarly journals Introduction: Literary Advice from Quill to Keyboard

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Anneleen Masschelein
Keyword(s):  
Henry James ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Publishing World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries

AbstractThis chapter presents a brief history of the dominant, Anglo-American literary advice tradition from the nineteenth century to the present as well as a state of the art of the existing scholarship on literary advice. We focus on several key moments for literary advice in the USA and in the UK: Edgar Allan Poe’s “Philosophy of Composition” (1846), the debate between Sir Walter Besant and Henry James surrounding “The Art of Fiction” (1884), the era of the handbook (1880s–1930s), the “program era” (McGurl 2009) and postwar literary advice, the rise of the “advice author” in the 1980s and 1990s, and finally advice in the “digital literary sphere” (Murray 2018). The overview captures both the remarkable consistency and the transformations of advice, against the background of changes in the literary system, the rise of creative writing, changes in the publishing world, and the rise of the Internet and self-publishing. It highlights the role of some specific actors in the literary advice industry, such as moguls, women, and gurus, and draws attention to a number of subgenres (genre handbooks, self-help literary advice, and the writing memoir),  as well as to counter-reactions and resistance to advice in literary works and in avant-garde manuals. Advice is regarded both in the context of the professionalization of authorship in a literary culture shaped by cultural and creative industries, and of the exponential increase of amateur creativity.

Turnaround at Carpets International

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-534
Author(s):  
Ralph Boe ◽  
Marilyn Michelle Helms
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Lead Author ◽  
Business Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Mover

Synopsis This case presents turnaround alternatives for a UK-based company, Carpets International (CI), a manufacturer focused on woven carpets and suffering from the ageing equipment and resulting product quality issues during the late 1990s. The case profiles CI’s position in the UK marketplace as well as highlights the growing international competition from Europe and Mexico. Comparisons between customer’s preferences for carpeting in the USA vs the UK are included. Additionally, the case introduces first-mover advantages in the application of innovational ideas applied to a mature industry in another country. Research methodology This case study was written by the CEO of the company as the lead author. The case is not disguised. Relevant courses and levels This case is appropriate for undergraduate strategic management/business policy classes.

Virtual Reality in healthcare: A bibliometric analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Matthias Pawassar ◽  
Victor Tiberius
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Journal ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND Research on the application of Virtual Reality technology to the healthcare sector has grown rapidly, leading to a large research field difficult to oversee. OBJECTIVE We provide an overview of the annual publication numbers and the most productive and influential countries, journals, and authors, as well as the most used, most co-occurring, and most recent keywords. METHODS Based on a dataset of 356 publicatons and 20,363 citations derived from the Web of Sci-ence, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using Bibexcel, HistCite, and VOSViewer. RESULTS The strongest growth of publications occurred in 2020, accounting for 29.49% of all publi-cations so far. The most productice countries are the USA, the UK, and Spain; the most influential countries are the USA, Canada, and the UK. The most productive journals are JMIR, JMIR Serious Games, and Games for Health Journal; the most influential journals are Patient Education and Counselling, Medical Education, and Quality of Life Research. The most productive authors are G. Riva, L. Del Piccolo, and D. C. Schwebel; the most in-fluential authors are A. Finset, L. del Piccolo, and H. Eide. The most occurring noun key-words besides Virtual and Reality are Training, Trial, and Patients. The most relevant re-search themes are communication, education, and novel treatments; the most recent re-search trends are fitness and exergames. CONCLUSIONS The analysis shows that the field has left its infant state and advances its specialization, with a clear focus on patient usability.

Interdisciplinarity, Cultural Studies, Queer: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Contentions in France

Paragraph ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Downing
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Queer Theory ◽  
French Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The One ◽  
Anglophone World ◽  
The Uk

This article offers a comparative examination of the status of ‘interdisciplinarity’, ‘cultural studies’ and ‘queer’ in the discipline of French studies in the Anglophone world and in France. It is argued that, while the intellectual origins of both interdisciplinarity and queer theory are French, a series of disavowals and appropriations has de-gallicized them. On the one hand, the cultural hegemony of English studies in the USA and the UK has led to a colonization and anglicization of continental thought. On the other, the resistance to cultural studies within the Hexagone has meant that work done in critical sexuality studies within the Anglo-American world over the past forty years is only now beginning to be felt within French-speaking contexts. In tracing this double history of dislocation, the article contextualizes the difficulty of thinking queer in properly French terms — and the importance of doing so.

Continuity, Dissonance and Location: An Anglosphere Research Agenda

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Andrew Mycock ◽  
Ben Wellings
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Usa ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk

This chapter maps out an agenda for those wishing to research the Anglosphere. It does so by examining the elements of political and ideational continuity between the present-day Anglosphere and its antecedents such as Greater Britain and the English-speaking peoples. It also analyses the dissonance within and amongst members of the Anglosphere and thus assesses the potential for the realisation of the diverse political goals that its proponents claim. In searching for the locations where this idea has been realised, it suggests that Brexit increased the salience of the Anglosphere in the United Kingdom and beyond. The chapter notes the changing scope of definitions of the Anglosphere from proponents and analysts alike. It focuses on the five ‘core’ states of the Anglosphere – the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand – but is sensitive to overlapping and intersecting relationships, such as the Commonwealth and the Anglo-American ‘special relationship’. By examining the narratives that the idea of the Anglosphere generates this chapter argues that the hierarchies and tensions intersecting it both sustain and constrain this durable yet thin political ideology.

scholarly journals A global emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosol from historic records of fossil fuel and biofuel consumption for the period 1860–1997

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4897-4927 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Junker ◽  
C. Liousse
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Country by country emission inventories for carbonaceous aerosol for the period 1860 to 1997 have been constructed on the basis of historic fuel production, use and trade data sets published by the United Nation's Statistical Division UNSTAT (1997), Etemad et al. (1991) and Mitchell (1992, 1993, 1995). The inventories use emission factors variable over time, which have been determined according to changes in technological development. The results indicate that the industrialisation period since 1860 was accompanied by a steady increase in black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) emissions up to 1910. The calculations show a moderate decrease of carbonaceous aerosol emissions between 1920 and 1930, followed by an increase up to 1990, the year when emissions began to decrease again. Changes in BC and OC emissions prior to the year 1950 are essentially driven by the USA, Germany and the UK. The USSR, China and India become substantial contributors to carbonaceous aerosol emissions after 1950. Emission maps have been generated with a 1°×1° resolution based on the relative population density in each country. They will provide a helpful tool for assessing the effect of carbonaceous aerosol emissions on observed climate changes of the past.

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