scholarly journals Experimental Study of Direct Water Injection Effect on NOx Reduction from The Gas Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Mostafa Raafat Kotob ◽  
Tianfeng Lu ◽  
Seddik S. Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Direct Water Injection ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Injection Effect ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Direct Water Injection (DWI) is commonly used in many nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions control applications due to its effect to reduce the adiabatic flame temperature. In this paper an experimental test rig is designed to study the effect of water injection spray inside a simulated gas turbine combustor from the gas fuel. The practical work introduced by the chemical reaction methodology followed by the experiment which was presented and discussed carefully. Results are obtained in term of the exhaust gas temperature and different injection parameters including position, direction and fuel mass flow rate on the nitrogen oxide emission value in PPM (Parts per Million) at different conditions. The results showed that the best water injection effect was obtained at 45° degree inside the primary air zone. Injection location has a major effect on the NOx reduction as the best injected location is the Primary air zone compared with the direct fuel nozzle tip due to the increase of the water droplets residence time inside the combustor and perform a vortex that will affect the reduction of exhaust gas temperature and NOx emission respectively. The huge impact was observed at LPG (Liquefied Petroleum gas) flowrate 2.7L/min and water to fuel ratio about 0.4 as the NOx value was decreased about 73% from almost 381 PPM to 73 PPM. The chemical reaction arrangement order methodology presented good agreement with the experimental results at different fuel flow rate and equivalence ratio. The chemical Reaction equations were implemented to calculate the different adiabatic flame temperatures which is experimentally known as the exhaust gas temperature and impacted directly the NOx emission results.

Modeling and simulation of marine SCR system based on Modelica

2022 ◽  
pp. 146808742110722
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
Yuanqing Zhu ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Haoyu Yan ◽  
Tinghui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Scr System

With the increasing awareness of global marine environmental protection, the emission of ship exhaust pollutants is strictly restricted. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is the mainstream technology to reduce ship NOx emission and make it meet IMO tier III regulations. A SCR reaction kinetic model based on Modelica language was established by Dymola software to predict the denitration efficiency, ammonia slip rate, and other parameters of SCR system. According to the functional structure of marine SCR system, the SCR system model is divided into urea injection module, mixer module, and SCR reactor module. The model was verified by SCR system bench test of WD10 diesel engine, which proved that the model can preferably reflect the actual situation. Using the established model, the effects of temperature, flow rate, NH3/NOx Stoichiometric Ratio (NSR), and cell density on the denitration performance of SCR system were analyzed. The results showed that the exhaust gas temperature and NSR have a great influence on the denitration efficiency. The injection amount of urea solution in marine SCR system should be based on the exhaust gas temperature and exhaust flow rate.

Impact of intake port injection of water on boosted downsized gasoline direct injection engine combustion, efficiency and emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Golzari ◽  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Jonathan Hall ◽  
Mike Bassett ◽  
John Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Introduction of ever more stringent emission regulations on internal combustion engines beyond 2020 makes it necessary for original equipment manufacturers to find cost-effective solutions to improve the combustion engine efficiency and decrease its emissions. Highly efficient combustion engines can benefit from technologies such as cooled external exhaust gas recalculation and water injection. Among these technologies water injection can be used as a promising method to mitigate knock and significantly reduce the CO2 emissions. This is particularly important in highly downsized boosted engines which run under much higher intake pressures and are more prone to knocking combustion. In addition to anti-knock behaviour, water injection is also an effective method for reducing NOx emissions and exhaust gas temperature at high loads, which can protect the turbine in turbocharged engines. This study shows the influence of intake port injection of water on efficiency and emissions of a boosted downsized single-cylinder gasoline direct-injection engine in detail. Six different steady-state speed and load combinations were selected to represent the conditions that knocking combustion start to occur. Water ratio sweep tests were performed to find out the optimum water/fuel ratio at each test point and the impact on the combustion and emissions. In addition to gaseous emissions, impact of water injection on particle emissions was also investigated in this study. The results show the net indicated efficiency improved significantly (by a maximum of around 5% at medium load and around 15% at high load) up to a maximum level by increasing the injected water mass. Improvement in efficiency was mainly due to the increased heat capacity of charge and cooling effect of the injected water evaporation which reduced the in-cylinder temperature and pressure. Thus, knock sensitivity was reduced and more advanced spark timings could be used, which shifted the combustion phasing closer to the optimum point. However, increasing the water/fuel ratio further (more than 1 at medium load and more than 1.5 at high load) deteriorated the combustion efficiency, prolonged the flame development angle and combustion duration, and caused a reduction in the net integrated area of the P-V diagram. Efficiency improvements were lower at higher engine speed (3000 r/min) as the knock sensitivity was already reduced intrinsically. In terms of other, harmful, non-CO2 emissions, water injection was effective in reducing the NOx emissions significantly (by a maximum of around 60%) but increased the HC emissions as the water/fuel ratio increased. The results also show a significant reduction in particle emissions by adding water to the mixture and advancing the spark timing at medium and high loads. In addition, water injection also reduced the exhaust gas temperature by around 80°C and 180°C at medium and high loads, respectively.

Evaluating the Influence of Biogas Flow Rate and Addition of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on the Performance of a Dual Fuel Engine Using Taguchi Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
M. Feroskhan ◽  
Ismail Saleel
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Biogas is a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines owing to its renewability and carbon neutrality. In this study, biogas was used along with diesel in a CI engine in dual fuel mode, i.e. biogas is inducted along with air and this mixture is ignited by the in-cylinder injection of diesel. The viability of using cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles as an additive to diesel was also explored. The effects of three parameters, viz. biogas flow rate and concentration of CeO2 nanoparticles and applied load on engine performance were investigated under constant speed operation. These parameters were varied in the ranges of 0 - 12 litre/min, 0 - 35 mg/litre and 5 - 22 N.m respectively. The experimental test matrix was reduced to 16 trials using Taguchi’s approach. Performance was quantified in terms of brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, diesel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and overall equivalence ratio. The criteria for optimum performance were defined as maximum brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies and minimum diesel consumption, exhaust gas temperature and overall equivalence ratio. Optimum operating conditions were identified by evaluating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for each performance parameter and using the higher-the-better (HTB) or lower-the-better (LTB) condition as applicable. Contributions of individual parameters towards the performance indices were found using ANOVA. Load was found to be the main contributing factor for brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and overall equivalence ratio. Biogas flow rate showed significant contribution towards volumetric efficiency. Biogas flow rate and load had comparable influences on diesel consumption. Addition of nanoparticles showed minor contribution towards all the performance parameters.

scholarly journals Study of Exhaust Gas Temperature of S I Engine using Water Injection

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Jha ◽  
K. Karunamurthy ◽  
Joy Das ◽  
Rahul Malik
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Lime kiln conversion from coke to natural gas operation – an option in direction of sustainable energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Oliver Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Lime Kilns ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

This paper deals with the conversion of coke fired lime kilns to gas and the conclusions drawn from the completed projects. The paper presents (1) the decision process associated with the adoption of the new technology, (2) the necessary steps of the conversion, (3) the experiences and issues which occurred during the first campaign, (4) the impacts on the beet sugar factory (i.e. on the CO2 balance and exhaust gas temperature), (5) the long term impressions and capabilities of several campaigns of operation, (6) the details of available technologies and (7) additional benefits that would justify a conversion from coke to natural gas operation on existing lime kilns. (8) Forecast view to develop systems usable for alternative gaseous fuels (e.g. biogas).

scholarly journals Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part I Standard Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Korczewski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Measuring Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Abstract The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document