Effect of hydrosorption polymers on the properties  of water-swellable rubber

Currently, in the oil and gas industry there is a growing demand for sealing elements capable of limited swelling upon contact with water and sealing the annular space of certain sections of the well. The swelling capacity of the sealing elements is predetermined by a well-chosen combination of polymer base and targeted functional ingredients. At the moment, a big drawback of water-swellable sealing elements is the loss of their sealing ability due to the washing out of hydrosorption additives from the sealing element. In this regard, in this work, the effect of hydrosorption polymers (polyacrylamide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum) on the properties of water-swellable rubber based on a combination of nitrile-butadiene SKN 1855, acrylate nipol AR22 and chloroprene CR 232 rubbers and epoxy 20 with sulfur curing system. The rubber mixture was prepared by mixing rubbers with ingredients on a laboratory roll LB 320 160/160. The rheological characteristics of the rubber compound were studied on an MDR 3000 Basic rheometer at 150 °C. Standard rubber samples were vulcanized at 150 °C for 30 min in a P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD vulcanization press. The main properties of vulcanizates were determined according to the standards in force in the rubber industry. It is shown that the introduction of polyacrylamide together with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and guar gum into a rubber compound leads to a change in its rheological parameters. Vulcanizates containing a combination of polymers are characterized by lower values of the conventional tensile strength and rebound elasticity, but higher elongation at break and the degree of swelling in distilled and formation water as compared to the vulcanizate of the base version of the rubber mixture.

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Influence of technological additive TsD-12 on the properties of heat-aggressive resistant rubber for sealing elements

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-10-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 94-97

Author(s):

Ivan S. Spiridoniv ◽

◽

Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽

Nadezhda A. Semenova ◽

Sergey I. Sandalov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Mixture ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Uniform Dispersion ◽

Zinc Salts ◽

Sealing Elements

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of the technological active additive СD-12, which is a combination of zinc salts of fatty acids, on the physical and mechanical properties and resistance to aggressive media of rubber for sealing elements of packer-anchor equipment. The rubber mixture was prepared on the basis of hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber Therban 3406, vulcanizing agent Novoperox BP-40, coagents for vulcanization of zinc monomethacrylate and oligoester acrylates MGF-9 and TGM-3, antioxidants Naugard 445 and agidol-2, fillers of technical carbon P 514 and T 900, filler dispersant stearic acid, rosin softener and other ingredients. To stabilize the physical and mechanical properties of vulcanizates, uniform dispersion of rubber components, reduce viscosity and improve vulcanization properties, a technological additive CD-12 was also introduced into the rubber mixture. The rubber mixture was prepared in a laboratory SKI-3L rubber mixer at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C for 7 min. The resulting mixture was vulcanized on a PV-100-2RT-2-PCD vulcanization press at a temperature of 150 °C for 60 minutes and then further vulcanized in a thermostat at a temperature of 160 °C for 6 hours. For the obtained vulcanizates, the physical and mechanical properties and resistance to the action of aggressive media were determined according to the standards existing in the rubber industry. On the basis of a rubber mixture heat-aggressive persistent sealing elements with a hardness of 70±5 Shore A units were made. These sealing elements as part of two sets of packer-anchor equipment were tested for tightness in a casing string simulator. The tests were carried out in an environment of PMS-200 polymethylsiloxane fluid at a temperature of 150 °C, an axial load of 6 tons and a pressure of 70 MPa. It is shown that both sets of packers have passed the tests and meet the requirements. The developed rubber mixture with a hardness of 70±5 Shore A units, containing the process additive СD-12, can be used for the manufacture of sealing elements for packers used in the oil and gas industry.

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THE INFLUENCE OF ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS WITH VINYL ACETATE ON PROPERTIES OF RUBBER BASED OF BUTADIENE-NITRILE CAOUTCHOUC

IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA ◽

10.6060/ivkkt201861008.5759 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Ivan S. Spiridonov ◽

Marina S. Illarionova ◽

Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽

Sergei I. Sandalov ◽

Nikolay I. Kol'tsov

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Standard Samples ◽

Rubber Mixture ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Technical Products

Rubber-technical products, which are used in the oil and gas industry, must have high thermal and aggressive strength. Rubbers based on butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs are usually used for these purposes, since they have good operational properties. However, under the influence of elevated temperatures, the resistance of such rubbers to the action of petroleum products is reduced, as a result of which the physico-mechanical characteristics decrease. To improve the operational properties of rubber-technical products, various technological additives are introduced into the rubber mixtures. Such additives can be copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate(EVA), which increase the resistance of rubbers to action of high temperatures and aggressive media. This is due to the fact that these copolymers are well combined with butadiene-nitrile caoutchoucs, forming coordination bonds with rubber molecules, which contributes thereby increasing in the elastic-strength and performance properties of rubber. In this connection, the influence of EVA (sevillenes 11104-030, 11808-340 and MarPol 1802), differing in the content of vinyl acetate units, on the rheometric, physico-mechanical and operational properties of the rubber mixture based on butadiene-nitrile rubber in this paper was investigated. The study was carried out to improve the thermo-resistance of rubber used for the manufacture of oil and petrol resistant rubber-technical products for the oil and gas industry. The rubber mixture was prepared on laboratory rolls and standard samples were vulcanized in an electrically heated press. The study of rheometric properties has shown that EVA affect the characteristics of the vulcanization process of a rubber mixture. For vulcanizates, the influence of the content of EVA in a rubber mixture on the physical and mechanical properties was studied: the conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, tear resistance, rebound elasticity, Shore A hardness, relative compression deformation. The effect of the standard liquid ZHR-1 on the change in these properties, as well as the degree of swelling of the vulcanizates after their daily soaking in the standard liquid SZHR-1 and a mixture of isooctane + toluene, was studied. It has been established that vulcanizate of a rubber mixture containing sevilene 11808-340 is characterized by the best physico-mechanical and operational properties.

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The influence of functional ingredients on the physico-mechanical and operational properties of rubbers for water-swelling sealing elements

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-6-152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 152-157

Author(s):

Evgeny N. Egorov ◽

◽

Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽

Konstantin V. Efimov ◽

Sergey I. Sandalov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Water Swelling ◽

Methyl Styrene ◽

Sealing Elements

The article investigated the effect of caoutchoucs, sevilen 11808-340, vulcanizing groups, fillers, plasticizers, directional ingredients on the physicomechanical (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, rebound elasticity, tear resistance) and operational properties of two rubbers (changes of conditional tensile strength of rubbers after exposure to water, weight changes after aging of rubbers in a solution of citric and hydrochloric acids, changes in the volume of rubbers after exposure to water). These rubbers are developed for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-swelling sealing elements (WSSE) for the oil and gas industry. It has been established that rubber for the outer layer of WSSE based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, isoprene SKI-3 and ethylene-propylene SKEPT-40 caoutchoucs, as well as rubber for the inner layer of WSSE based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, butadiene-methyl styrene SKMS-30AR and ethylene-propylene SKEPT-40 caoutchocs possess the required physical-mechanical and operational properties. It was shown that these rubbers containing a vulcanizing group sulfur + thiazole 2 MBS, sevilen 11808-340, a combination of carbon black T 900 with rosil 175, talc and Karelite MK, petroleum resin “Sibplast”, vermiculite and igloprobivnoe cloth, a combination of hydrosorbtional polyacrylamide 639, sodium polyacrylate, perlite and Kometa-R reagent are characterized by improved physicomechanical and operational properties. These rubbers can be recommended as the basis for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-swellable sealing elements.

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Methodology to Obtain the Life Cycle Mooring Loads on a Semisubmersible Wind Platform

Volume 9A: Ocean Renewable Energy ◽

10.1115/omae2014-23668 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raúl Guanche ◽

Lucía Meneses ◽

Javier Sarmiento ◽

César Vidal ◽

Íñigo Losada

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Numerical Model ◽

Data Base ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Mooring System ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Wave Basin ◽

The Moment

Nowadays there are few methodologies related with the design of mooring systems for floating offshore wind platforms. The ones used until the moment are inherited from the oil and gas industry. Because of that, mooring loads may be incorrectly estimated. This study presents a validated methodology in order to estimate the loads of the moorings of offshore floating platforms along the life cycle of the structure. The methodology is based on an extensive laboratory test data base carried out in a wave basin of the University of Cantabria. The proposed methodology has been applied to a floating semisubmersible platform (similar to the one in Agucadoira by Principle Power). The methodology is composed by a few steps. The first step consist on the selection of the most representative sea states of a long term met-ocean data base through a selection technique named MDA (Maximum dissimilitude algorithm). Afterwards, mooring system loads and platform motion are numerically simulated. SESAM (DNV) numerical model has been used in this particular application. SESAM numerical model was previously calibrated based on the laboratory tests. Finally, based on a multidimensional interpolation technique named Radial Basis Function life cycle mooring system loads were reconstructed. A sensitivity analysis of the methodology were carried out. Based on it, it can be concluded that selecting 1000 sea states with the MaxDiss technique, life cycle mooring loads can be accurately predicted.

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The influence of functional ingredients on the physico-mechanical and operational properties of rubbers for water-oil-swelling sealing elements

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-2-68 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 68-73

Author(s):

Evgeny N. Egorov ◽

◽

Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽

Sergey I. Sandalov ◽

Ivan S. Spiridonov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Functional Ingredients ◽

Sealing Elements

The article investigated the effect of caoutchoucs, sevilen 11808-340, vulcanizing groups, fillers, plasticizers, ingredients of directional actions on the physical and mechanical properties (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, rebound elasticity, tear resistance) and operational properties (changes of conditional tensile strength of rubbers after exposure to oil, weight changes after aging of rubbers in a solution of citric and hydrochloric acids, changes in the volume of rubbers after exposure to a mixture of oil and water) of two rubbers. These rubbers are developed for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-oil-swellable sealing elements (WSOE) for the oil and gas industry. It has been established that rubber for the outer layer of WSOE based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, isoprene SKI-3 and butadiene CKD caoutchoucs, as well as rubber for the inner layer of UEN based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, butadiene methylstyrene SKMS-30ARK and butadiene CKD caoutchoucs possess the required physicomechanical and operational properties. It was shown that these rubbers containing a vulcanizing group sulfur + thiazole 2 MBS, sevilen 11808-340, a combination of carbon black T 900 with rosil 175, talc and chalk, petroleum resin “Sibplast”, vermiculite and igloprobivnoe cloth, are characterized by improved physical-mechanical and operational properties. These rubber can be recommended as the basis for the manufacture of outer and inner layers of water-oil-swelling sealing elements.

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The influence of functional ingredients on the technological properties of water-swelling rubber sealing elements

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-6-146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 146-151

Author(s):

Evgeny N. Egorov ◽

◽

Nikolay F. Ushmarin ◽

Konstantin V. Efimov ◽

Sergey I. Sandalov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Start Time ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Functional Ingredients ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Water Swelling ◽

Sealing Elements

The article investigated the influence of the nature and content of coutchoucs, sevilens, vulcanizing groups, fillers, plasticizers, ingredients of directional action on the technological properties (plasticity, ring modulus, density, start time of vulcanization, stickiness) of two rubber mixtures. These indicators characterize the processability of rubber compounds in the manufacture of products from them. The study was conducted in order to select the basis of rubber compounds for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-swellable sealing elements (WSSE). It has been established that rubber compounds for the outer layer based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, isoprene SKI-3 and ethylene-propylene SKEPT-40 coutchoucs, as well as the inner layer of WSSE based on butadiene-nitrile BNKS-18AMN, butadiene methylstyrene SKMS-30ARK and ethylene-propylene SKEPT-40 rubbers possess satisfactory technological properties. It was shown that these rubber mixtures which contain sevilen 11808-340, a vulcanizing group (sulfur + thiazole 2 MBS + guanid F), a combination of fillers (talc + grew 175 + Karelite MK), petroleum resin Sibplast, directional ingredients (vermiculite + needle punched cloth “Oksipan”), hydrosorption additives (polyacrylamide AK 639 + sodium polyacrylate), have improved technological properties. These rubber mixtures can be recommended as the basis for the manufacture of the outer and inner layers of water-swelling sealing elements for the oil and gas industry.

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Wellhead Fatigue Damage Based on Indirect Measurements

Volume 5B: Pipeline and Riser Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2015-41379 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guttorm Grytøyr ◽

Fredy Coral ◽

Halvor Borgen Lindstad ◽

Massimilliano Russo

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Damage ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Time History ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Fatigue Properties ◽

Marine Riser ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Blowout Preventer ◽

The Moment

Enabling safe and reliable operations of subsea wellheads has a high priority in the global oil and gas industry. The objective of the current paper is to provide a novel method for bending moment estimates at the wellhead based on indirect moment measurements; this moment, together with fatigue properties are then used for fatigue damage estimation. Indirect bending moments are based on inclinations and accelerations measured by motion reference units (MRU) attached to blowout preventer (BOP), lower marine riser package (LMRP) and lower riser joint (LRJ) immediately above the lower flexible joint (LFJ). Also, required is the tension time history in the same period at the LRJ. The proposed methodology here can be implemented and integrated into a portal for data acquisition and visualisation. In order to validate the proposed method for indirect bending moment estimation, strain gages have been attached to a BOP and marine riser during drilling operations offshore Norway. Strain gage readings are transformed to bending moment which is used as reference (the so-called direct moment). The proposed method is used to calculate the moment indirectly, the so-called indirect moment. The resulting indirect moments agree very well with the direct moments.

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