scholarly journals Illegality and Healthcare: A Federalist Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Wieboldt ◽  
Laura E. Perrault
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Access To Primary Care

With the contemporary rise of mass media, the historically disadvantaged status of the United States’ immigrant and undocumented populations has become increasingly well-known. Perhaps as a result thereof, both major political parties have utilized the United States’ dynamic immigration system as a scepter of justice in the nation’s ethical and political discourse. Despite the polarization that inter-party immigration controversies frequently beget, discussion of the mutually-reinforcing relationship between statutory immigration and healthcare subsidy exclusions is far more meager and thus the subject of our inquiry. Remaining cognizant of the imbricated relationship between the federal government and its state counterparts within the United States’ federalist system, we explore the economic and public health consequences of immigration and healthcare laws which deny many immigrants access to vital social services. As a product of these restrictive state and federal laws, we conclude that many immigrants not only lack meaningful access to primary care, vaccinations, and labor/environmental quality safeguards, but also that the inaccessibility of such social services has detrimental effects on the nation’s aggregate economic health and public health. In response to the deficiencies of the United States’ legal regime vís-a-vís immigration and healthcare, we offer three distinct categories of recommendations, each of which intends to support the economic success and public health security of the greater American populace.

I. Recent Developments in UK Extradition Law

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Warbrick ◽  
Colin Warbrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Bankruptcy ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Us History ◽  
Criminal Jurisdiction ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Crimes

In July 2006, three bankers, all UK nationals, were extradited to the United States on charges of conspiracy to defraud their one-time employers, a British bank, a subsidiary of Natwest. The conduct took place under the shadow of the ‘Enron’ affair. The defendants were said to have conspired with senior officials of Enron. Enron was the subject of the largest corporate bankruptcy in US history. In comparison the sums involved in the Enron collapse, those at stake in what the papers called the ‘Natwest Three’ case were small, but the involvement of persons implicated in the Enron affair made the defendants of interest to US prosecutors. The cases enjoyed an unusual public profile, partly because the extraditions took place under the unique legal regime which governs US-UK extradition,1 partly because this case was simply one of several cases in which persons charged with what one might loosely call economic crimes were sought by US prosecutors2 and partly because the defendants argued that their offences (which they denied) were allegations of what were ‘really’ English crimes which should have been proceeded with here. Although the extradition aspects have loomed largest, this last matter, possible conflicts of criminal jurisdiction, is the most interesting.

scholarly journals Perspective: A National Public Health Workforce to Control COVID-19 and Address Health Disparities in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Kilmarx ◽  
Theodore Long ◽  
Michael J A Reid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Long Run

Abstract A large, well-trained public health workforce is needed to control COVID-19 in the United States in the short term and to address other disease burdens and health disparities in the long run. As the public health workforce declined following the 2008 financial crisis, many U.S. jurisdiction struggled to hire a sufficient number staff for roles initially including testing and contact tracing and more recently for vaccination. Ultimately, COVID-19 control will require a combination of vaccination and rapid investigation, contact tracing, and quarantine to stop chains of transmission. New federal resources for a public health workforce have been made available. With appropriate attention to addressing administrative barriers and ensuring equity, a 21 st-century U.S. public health workforce will hasten the control of COVID-19, provide economic relief to individuals and communities, reduce the burden of other infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and other disease burdens. A long-term commitment to a robust public health workforce is vital to ensuring health security and preparedness for future health threats.

scholarly journals Cracks in the System: The Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Public Health Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tulenko ◽  
Dominique Vervoort
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly wrought havoc on the world, exposing the gaps in public health systems of countries that were previously considered most prepared for infectious disease outbreaks. Notably, despite being ranked highest on the Global Health Security Index, the United States has been severely hit with nearly two million confirmed cases and one hundred thousand deaths by the end of May 2020. In addition to the public health fragmentation from the federal to the state level and lagging regulations, early reports highlight substantial socioeconomic disparities and health system barriers contributing to the spread and impact of the pandemic in the United States. In this review, we explore the impact of COVID-19 on public health systems by assessing systems through the lens of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Ten Essential Public Health Services. Building on prepandemic and COVID-19 observations and lessons, we propose recommendations moving forward to prepare for future waves and other disease outbreaks.

Allied Commission for Austria

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-338
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Laws

Two topics were the subject of discussion in the Allied Council and Executive Committee during August 1949: 1) the question of Allied Control over Austrian political parties; and 2) the western attempt to eliminate censorship over Austrian communications. Concerning the political parties two resolutions were submitted by the French and by the United Kingdom Commissions. The French draft was rejected by the three other commissions and the United Kingdom draft, declaring that the Allied Council had decided that political parties needed “no longer obtain the authorization of the Allied Council as required by the decision of the 11th September 1945“ and the “Austrian Government will be responsible for regulating the formation and activity of political parties or organizations according to provisions of international laws,“ was adopted by the Council. The Soviet representative objected to this and to a second French proposal. The United States and United Kingdom agreed to a French suggestion that the Allied Council meet in an extraordinary session to consider further the French position and the question in general but the Soviet High Commissioner refused to accept

Immigration Detention in the United States: Identifying Alternatives That Comply With Human Rights and Advance Public Health

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e7
Author(s):  
Alison Ly ◽  
Aleta Sprague ◽  
Brianna Pierce ◽  
Corina Post ◽  
Jody Heymann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Us Immigration

Under international law, the United States is obligated to uphold noncitizens’ fundamental rights, including their rights to health. However, current US immigration laws—and their enforcement—not only fail to fulfill migrants’ health rights but actively undermine their realization and worsen the pandemic’s spread. Specifically, the US immigration system’s reliance on detention, which precludes effective social distancing, increases risks of exposure and infection for detainees, staff, and their broader communities. International agreements clearly state that the prolonged, mandatory, or automatic detention of people solely because of their migration status is a human rights violation on its own. But in the context of COVID-19, the consequences for migrants’ right to health are particularly acute. Effective alternatives exist: other countries demonstrate the feasibility of adopting and implementing immigration laws that establish far less restrictive, social services–based approaches to enforcement that respect human rights. To protect public health and realize its global commitments, the United States must shift away from detaining migrants as standard practice and adopt effective, humane alternatives—both amid COVID-19 and permanently. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 15, 2021: e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306253 )

The Study of Parties in Political Development in the Middle East and North Africa

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Scott D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Subject

A concern on the part of Middle East specialists with an examination of political parties and groupings and related political processes represents a comparatively recent development. It is a development, of course, which has lagged behind the study of parties and political processes in the United States and Europe, although even there the subject largely was neglected until a quarter of a century ago.

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