Characteristics of circadian rhythms in rest-activity and energy expendi-ture in cancer in-patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Armiya Sultan ◽  
Vivek Choudhary ◽  
Arti Parganiha
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rest Activity

  The objective of the current study was to assess the rest-activity (RA) and energy expenditure (EE) rhythms in cancer in-patients. Twenty chemothera-py receiving cancer in-patients (10 males and 10 females) and ten apparently healthy human subjects (5 males and 5 females) wore a non-invasive elec-tronic device – the Actical on their non dominant wrist. Data were recorded at 1-minute epoch for at least 3-4 consecutive days. Significant differences in RA and EE patterns were observed between cancer in-patients and control subjects, irrespective of gender. Control subjects showed absolute rhythm detection ratio in RA and EE, whereas, ratio was of low magnitude in cancer patients, especially with reference to EE. Statistically significant decrement in circadian amplitudes and advancement in circadian peaks of RA and EE were observed in cancer in-patients as compared to control subjects. Significant independent effects of factors, namely ‘disease’ and ‘gender’ on total activity count (TAC), average activity count (AAC), total energy expenditure (TEE) and average energy expenditure (AEE) were observed. TEE and AEE were signifi-cantly lower in cancer in-patients as compared to control subjects. Further, factors, ‘disease’ and ‘gender’ also produced significant effects on activity energy expenditure (AcEE), metabolic energy expenditure (MET) and resting energy expenditure (REE). In conclusion, the findings indicate disruption of the circadian rhythms in rest-activity and energy expenditure in cancer in-patients. This disruption is gauged from alterations in rhythm characteristics of RA and EE. However, additional studies involving more patients are re-quired for further validation of the present findings.

scholarly journals GH signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in healthy human subjects: impact of gender and age

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul F Vestergaard ◽  
Mikkel H Vendelbo ◽  
Steen B Pedersen ◽  
Anders Juul ◽  
Steffen Ringgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe mechanisms underlying the impact of age and gender on the GH–IGF1 axis remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that age and gender have impacts on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo.DesignA total of 20 healthy non-obese adults (‘young group’ <30 years (5F/5M) and ‘old group’ >60 years (5F/5M)) were studied after: i) an i.v. GH bolus (0.5 mg) and ii) saline.MethodsMuscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 30 and 120 min. Total and phosphorylated STAT5B proteins, gene expression of IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH, body composition, VO2max, and muscle strength were measured.ResultsIn the GH-unstimulated state, women displayed significantly elevated levels of CISH mRNA in muscle (P=0.002) and fat (P=0.05) and reduced levels of IGF1 mRNA in fat. Phosphorylated STAT5B (pSTAT5b) was maximally increased in all subjects 30 min after GH exposure and more pronounced in women when compared with men (P=0.01). IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and CISH mRNA expression increased significantly in muscle after 120 min in all subjects with no impact of age and gender. GH-induced pSTAT5b correlated inversely with lean body mass (LBM; r=−0.56, P=0.01) and positively with the CISH mRNA response (r=0.533, P=0.05).Conclusioni) GH signaling in muscle and fat after a single GH bolus in healthy human subjects is age independent, ii) we hypothesize that constitutive overexpression of CISH may contribute to the relative GH resistance in women, and iii) experimental studies on the impact of sex steroid administration and physical training on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo are required.

scholarly journals Energetic costs of producing muscle work and force in a cyclical human bouncing task

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Dean ◽  
Arthur D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Force Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Series Elasticity ◽  
Muscle Work ◽  
Near Resonance

Muscles expend energy to perform active work during locomotion, but they may also expend significant energy to produce force, for example when tendons perform much of the work passively. The relative contributions of work and force to overall energy expenditure are unknown. We therefore measured the mechanics and energetics of a cyclical bouncing task, designed to control for work and force. We hypothesized that near bouncing resonance, little work would be performed actively by muscle, but the cyclical production of force would cost substantial metabolic energy. Human subjects ( n = 9) bounced vertically about the ankles at inversely proportional frequencies (1–4 Hz) and amplitudes (15–4 mm), such that the overall rate of work performed on the body remained approximately constant (0.30 ± 0.06 W/kg), but the forces varied considerably. We used parameter identification to estimate series elasticity of the triceps surae tendon, as well as the work performed actively by muscle and passively by tendon. Net metabolic energy expenditure for bouncing at 1 Hz was 1.15 ± 0.31 W/kg, attributable mainly to active muscle work with an efficiency of 24 ± 3%. But at 3 Hz (near resonance), most of the work was performed passively, so that active muscle work could account for only 40% of the net metabolic rate of 0.76 ± 0.28 W/kg. Near resonance, a cost for cyclical force that increased with both amplitude and frequency of force accounted for at least as much of the total energy expenditure as a cost for work. Series elasticity reduces the need for active work, but energy must still be expended for force production.

Circadian Rhythm in Energy Expenditure in Cancer In-and Out-Patients: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Armiya Sultan ◽  
Saba Taj ◽  
Vivek Choudhary ◽  
Arti Parganiha
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Average Amplitude ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Gender

Unlike normal humans, an alteration in circadian pattern in energy expenditure (EE) has been observed in cancer patients. In the current cross sectional study we examined rhythm characteristics of EE in cancer in- (n = 30) and out-patients (n = 26), and healthy controls (n = 30). EE was assessed non-invasively using an electronic device - the Actical, programmed with data sampling epoch of 60 seconds. All patients and control subjects wore instrument on their non-dominant hand for 3- 4 consecutive days. Cosinor rhythmometry was used to determine the rhythm characteristics, such as 24-h average/Mesor, amplitude, and peak/acrophase of EE. Circadian and rhythm quotients were derived from the rhythm characteristics. Two- way ANOVA was employed to determine the effects of factors, ‘group’ and ‘gender’ on rhythm characteristics. A significant circadian rhythm in EE was validated in all groups. However, rhythm detection ratio, at 12 h period, was found to be low in both cancer in- and out-patients as compared to controls. Factor ‘group’ produced significant effect on 24 -h average, amplitude, acrophase, rhythm quotient and circadian quotient of EE rhythm. However, effects of factor ‘gender’ and interaction of both factors was significant on circadian quotient only. At the group level, rhythm characteristics, namely 24-h average, amplitude, and circadian quotient of three groups varied from each other significantly in the following order: in - patient < out-patient < control. In conclusion, EE rhythm deteriorated in both in- and out-patients as compared to control subjects, although the deterioration was more pronounced in cancer in-patients. We suggest that further extensive investigation involving larger sample should be carried out to validate the above findings.

Minimizing Carry-Over Effects After Treatment Failure and Maximizing Therapeutic Outcome

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareile Hofmann ◽  
Nathalie Wrobel ◽  
Simon Kessner ◽  
Ulrike Bingel
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Administration Route ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Carry Over

According to experimental and clinical evidence, the experiences of previous treatments are carried over to different therapeutic approaches and impair the outcome of subsequent treatments. In this behavioral pilot study we used a change in administration route to investigate whether the effect of prior treatment experience on a subsequent treatment depends on the similarity of both treatments. We experimentally induced positive or negative experiences with a topical analgesic treatment in two groups of healthy human subjects. Subsequently, we compared responses to a second, unrelated and systemic analgesic treatment between both the positive and negative group. We found that there was no difference in the analgesic response to the second treatment between the two groups. Our data indicate that a change in administration route might reduce the influence of treatment history and therefore be a way to reduce negative carry-over effects after treatment failure. Future studies will have to validate these findings in a fully balanced design including larger, clinical samples.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Chronic stress decreases circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in healthy human subjects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buqing Yi ◽  
Igor Nichiporuk ◽  
Matthias Feuerecker ◽  
Gustav Schelling ◽  
Alexander Chouker
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects
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