scholarly journals “AB LES MANS JUNCTES E GENOLLS EN TERRA”: INTERCESSION AND THE NOTION OF QUEENSHIP IN LATE MEDIEVAL CATALONIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Dawn Bratsch-Prince
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Shed Light

Did medieval women who wore the crown share a common notion of queenship or recognize their own membership in a privileged group? Throughout medieval Europe the most salient images of queenship were those of wife, mother, and intercessor, familiar to the general population through Biblical and literary sources. This essay suggests that medieval Mediterranean queens were, in fact, aware of the power and influence that their role as intercessor afforded them. Two texts composed by the Aragonese queen Violant de Bar are used to shed light on a notion of queenship seemingly understood by her contemporaries, both male and female. The proemi or prologue of the queen’s address on judicial reform to the Catalano-Aragonese corts generals of 1388-1389 and a lengthy letter (1421) to queen María of Castile reference the responsibilities of the queen in mediating tensions and hostilities between the king and his rivals. From these documents, one gleans that queenship in early fifteenth-century Mediterranean Europe appears to have been viewed by its practitioners as a divinely-appointed office that entailed grave responsibility, as well as influence, by means of its emphasis on intercession.

THE LIVES AND ROLES OF WOMEN OF VARIOUS CLASSES IN THE IE OF LATE MEDIEVAL JAPAN

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Goto
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Women ◽  
Medieval Japan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Shed Light

In medieval Japan the household became the basic social unit among all classes. In the process, a division of roles also came about: the household head and husband represented the ie to the outside world, while the wife was in charge of its running. The wife's role was highly regarded in the medieval period, but its details have yet to be fully examined. This paper attempts to shed light on how medieval women lived by studying the role of wives and their integral place in ie management. To do this, it is also necessary to examine the relationship between the father's wife and the son's wife, in other words, the mother-in-law and the daughter-in-law. I will look at women from various classes, to the extent the documentation allows, utilizing the diaries of the court nobility, literary works and other documentary, graphic and material evidence.

Piracy and law in medieval Genoa: the consilia of Bartolomeo Bosco

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 256-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Tai
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractThis essay contextualizes a series of learned legal opinions, or consilia, authored primarily by the Genoese jurist Bartolomeo Bosco (d. 1437) on the subject of maritime theft, or piracy, by referring to contemporaneous records for the practice of maritime theft in the Mediterranean, archival records in the Archivio di Stato for Bosco's career, and related consilia authored by Bosco. It argues that Bosco's opinions on matters related to the practice of piracy, overlooked despite revived scholarly interest in his work, illustrate the applications and limitations of consilia as practical documents in medieval civic governance, and suggest a divide between commercial and administrative perspectives in the maritime republics of late medieval Europe. Finally, it proposes that Bartolomeo Bosco be numbered among the "economic humanists" of the fifteenth century.

Space, time, and the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-169
Author(s):  
Matthew Kempshall
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Renaissance Humanism ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
New Vision

Conceptions of space and time have conventionally lent themselves to characterizations of late medieval Europe as an ‘Age of Discovery’. These characterizations underpin an account of historical ‘progress’ which is technological, intellectual, and social. Coupled with other retrospective ‘modern’ projections—Renaissance humanism and the rise of ‘the state’—they present a teleological narrative of empirical, rational, and scientific discovery at the waning, even the end, of ‘the Middle Ages’. By qualifying and revising such a narrative, this chapter invites appreciation of a more complex historical reality, a necessarily plural and fragmented picture of socially and culturally conditioned ways of seeing space, measuring time, and understanding the connections between them. The discoveries of the fifteenth century emerge, as a result, not as the reflection of a brave new vision of the world, a shift from ‘religion’ to ‘science’ or from ‘medieval’ to ‘modern’, but rather as a reconfiguration of representations of what was already known. This was certainly an age of conceptual change and development but one which was characterized as much by refining, re-ordering, and reconnection as it was by innovation and discovery.

The Merging of Religious Elements with National Consciousness in the Historical Works of Jan Długosz

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Urszula Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Political Union ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Religious Elements

The fifteenth century was a very important period in the history of the Polish State and nation. It had a particular significance for the development of national consciousness. The union of the Polish kingdom with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1385) changed not only the boundaries of this new and unified state called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but also created new and specific conditions for the development of the nation. The different nationalities of the jagiellonian state, Poles, Ruthenians, Lithuanians, Germans, Jews, and Armenians played an important role in the lively exchange of cultural experience on the basis of a sometimes uneasy partnership. Poland guaranteed privileges to the lords, both spiritual and temporal, to the gentry, and to the patricians, estates that had emerged in the course of the fourteenth century. These were united by common sentiment and desire for a strong political foundation. The urban and rural populations of both Polish and non-Polish speakers were bound together by loyalty to the Crown and its territory. Like other groups in late-medieval Europe they saw such a political union as advantageous.

Arbitration and the Growth of Urban Liberties in Late Medieval England

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Attreed
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

In December 1448, the city of Exeter agreed with the bishop and dean and chapter of the cathedral church to abide by the arbitration of two local magnates who settled a complex dispute over urban jurisdiction. That the arbitrators decided against the city, which suffered a slight constitutional setback as a result, is only one of several important conclusions to be drawn from a study of the dispute and its resolution. The nature of the argument and the procedures by which both parties sought to resolve it shed light on the character of urban constitutional growth in the later Middle Ages, on legal procedures and what medieval people thought about the law, and on the lengths they were willing to go to assure a decision that was as favorable as possible without poisoning relations between two institutions that coexisted within city walls. The case also illustrates the important role arbitration played in dispute settlement and reveals this method to be as viable an alternative as recourse to the common-law and equity courts of the royal government.Exeter's case is unique in that so much written evidence survives to testify to the financial investments and political aims of both parties involved. Comparisons will be drawn to other boroughs that endured similar jurisdictional disputes in the fifteenth century, but their evidence is far less revealing of decision and motivation than that remaining for Exeter. Although many of the major documents associated with the case have been in print for over a century, and examined in some detail in a brief monograph published over fifty years ago, the nature of the records has focused more attention on the city's participation than on that of the cathedral.

scholarly journals A Piece of the Puzzle: Women and the Law as Viewed from the Late Medieval Court of Chancery

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Lower Court ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
Court Of Chancery ◽  
Women And The Law ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article uses fifteenth-century Chancery court bills to demonstrate how women negotiated solutions to social and legal disputes not just in Chancery but through a variety of legal jurisdictions. This approach sheds light on women's actions in courts where the records have not survived, and it also adds nuance to the long-running debate about whether equity was a more favorable jurisdiction for women than the common law. By bringing into view other jurisdictions—such as manorial, borough, and ecclesiastical ones—it demonstrates how litigants might pursue justice in a number of arenas, consecutively or concurrently. Some women approached Chancery because they did not think they would get justice in a lower court, while others were keen that their cases be sent back down so that they could be fully recompensed for the offences against them. A fuller understanding of the disputes to which Chancery bills refer complicates our understanding of why women “chose” Chancery. Chancery is only one piece of the puzzle of how women negotiated justice in late medieval England, but its records can also shed light on some of the missing pieces.

scholarly journals Über einige Aspekte des diplomatischen Verkehrs zwischen dem Hochmeister und Kaiser Sigismund von Luxemburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Přemysl Bar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Common Practices ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Shed Light

On some aspects of the diplomatic traffic between the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg   The diplomatic traffic between the Grand Master of the Teutnic Order and Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg was carried out according to the common practices of diplomacy in late medieval Europe. Nevertheless, this topic deserves further exploration due to Sigismund’s efforts to impose suzerainty upon the Grand Master and the Teutonic Knights. This issue influenced their mutual relations after Sigismund’s election as Roman-German King in 1410/1411. There are numerous surviving sources, especially in the archive of the Teutonic Order in Berlin (GStA PK), such as legation’s instruction, dispatches and, last but not least, the political correspondence between the Grand Master and Emperor Sigismund. These sources can shed light not only on the complicated diplomatic relation between above-mentioned two entities, but also, due to richness of their content, on late medieval diplomacy in general. Based upon the research findings by Klaus Neitmann, who explored the Order’s legation exclusively, this paper tries to expand the field of research by including the legations of Sigismund. From this perspective only several selected aspects of the topic are examined in the study: 1) defining a legation (foreign mission) and its characteristic features; 2) the diplomatic traffic between the Grand Master and Sigismund of Luxembourg from a prosopographical perspective; and 3) the personal composition and communication at the court of Sigismund. The richness of sources makes new questions possible concerning not only this specific diplomatic traffic, but also late medieval diplomacy in general as well. However, the definite answers might be delivered after compiling a thorough list of all legations from both sides, which in light of the large number of primary sources must be reserved for another study.

scholarly journals Hagiography as Source: Gender and Conversion Narratives in The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Anna Redhair Wells
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conversion Narratives ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Prior Relationship ◽  
Ethiopian Church

Drawing on the work of Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent, this essay proposes utilizing hagiographies from the The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church, a fifteenth-century Ethiopian collection of saints’ lives, to explore various aspects of conversion. Other scholars employ a similar approach when analyzing hagiographical literature found in medieval Europe. While acknowledging that these texts do not provide details about the historical experience of conversion, they can assist scholars in understanding the conception of conversion in the imagination of the culture that created them. This essay specifically focuses on the role of women in conversion throughout the text and argues that, although men and women were almost equally represented as agents of conversion, a closer examination reveals that their participation remained gendered. Women more frequently converted someone with whom they had a prior relationship, especially a member of their familial network. Significantly, these observations mirror the patterns uncovered by contemporary scholars such as Dana Robert, who notes how women contributed to the spread of Christianity primarily through human relationships. By integrating these representations of conversion from late medieval Ethiopia, scholarship will gain a more robust picture of conversion in Africa more broadly and widen its understanding of world Christianity.

Disorderly Damsels? Women and Interpersonal Violence in Pre-Reformation Scotland

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ewan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Family And Household ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Shed Light

This study uses the court records of eight pre-Reformation Scottish towns to examine women's involvement as perpetrators of violent physical assaults in their communities. It examines the nature of the assaults, including whether women were more likely to act alone or with others, the role of family and household, the types of victims, and the weapons used. These matters are compared to patterns found in studies of women's violence elsewhere in contemporary Europe. The article also examines how the community and women themselves perceived their use of physical assault. For example, some could justify violence as an acceptable method of discipline. Many attacks were aimed not only at causing physical harm but were also assaults on the victim's honour; a study of assault thus helps shed light on the nature of male and female honour among ordinary townsfolk in late medieval Scotland.

scholarly journals ‘A Port of Two Seas.’ Lisbon and European Maritime Networks in the Fifteenth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
Joana Sequeira ◽  
Flávio Miranda
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Maritime Networks ◽  
The City

With the development of research in economic history, historians are now testing the hypothesis that maritime networks and port cities contributed to the phenomenon of European integration. This essay applies a holistic approach to discuss how the city of Lisbon, located outside the privileged setting of multi-cultural interactions that was the Mediterranean Sea, became appealing to merchants from far and wide in late-medieval Europe. To do so, it examines a whole array of commercial, normative, fiscal, royal and judicial sources from European archives to discuss if it is possible to observe this phenomenon of European integration in fifteenth-century Lisbon.

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