The Radical Arm of the Welfare Lobby: A History of the Victorian Coalition Against Poverty and Unemployment, 1980-91

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-144
Author(s):  
Philip Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Activist Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Welfare State

Australia has had high levels of unemployment since the mid-1970s, particularly from approximately 1976-94, yet to date there has been no significant study of political activism by the unemployed in the modern era. This article fills some of this knowledge gap by examining the activities of the Victorian Coalition against Poverty and Unemployment (CAPU), an activist group based on an alliance of trade unions, churches, community groups and the unemployed. Whilst CAPU was influenced by conventional Marxist critiques of the welfare state and highly critical of both the professional social welfare sector and the Australian Labor Party, it also worked co-operatively with key community welfare groups such as the Victorian Council of Social Service and the Brotherhood of St Laurence on specific campaigns. Consequently, it is argued that CAPU was not an anti-welfare organisation per se, but rather acted as the radical arm of the welfare lobby seeking to shame governments into operationalising in practice their declared social justice principles.

The Critique of Commodification

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Christoph Hermann
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Academic Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Welfare State

The chapter traces the intellectual history of the term “commodification” and presents major arguments against commodification from different strands of literature. Commodification was introduced into academic discourse in the 1970s by Marxist scholars who analyzed the transformation of culture, the emergence and spread of capitalism, as well as the nature of the welfare state. The term was then picked up by non-Marxist academics in various disciplines, usually to criticize certain kinds of monetary exchange or specific markets rather than capitalism per se. The chapter identifies three major strands of literature with distinctive arguments against commodification: the moral, pragmatic, and materialist critiques. It argues that only the materialist critique is able to see that commodification threatens the livelihood of people and the environment. After discussing differences between the three approaches, the chapter points to an important commonality: all critics of commodification believe that commodification has gone too far in recent decades.

The making of a category of economic understanding in Great Britain (1880–1931): ‘the unemployed’

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181-1196
Author(s):  
Paul Lagneau-Ymonet ◽  
Bénédicte Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Economic Understanding ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Welfare State

Abstract Evidence-based policy relies on measurement to trigger actions and to manage and evaluate programmes. Yet measurement requires classification: the making of categories of understanding that approximate or represent collective phenomena. In 1931, two decades after implementing the first compulsory unemployment benefits in 1911, the British Government began to carry out a census of out-of-work individuals. Why such an inversion, at odds with the exercise of rational-legal authority, and unlike to its French or German counterparts? To solve this puzzle, we document the making of ‘the unemployed’ as a category of scientific analysis and of public policy in nineteenth-century Great Britain. Our circumscribed contribution to the history of economic thought and methodology informs today’s controversies on the future of work, the weakening of wage labour through the rise in the number of part-time contracts and self-employed workers, as well as the rivalry between the welfare state and private charities with regard to providing impoverished people with some kind of relief.

scholarly journals Voluntary Action, Territory and Timing: The Council of Social Service for Wales, Periodisation and the New Historiography of the ‘British Welfare State’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
DANIEL WINCOTT ◽  
PAUL CHANEY ◽  
CHRISTALA SOPHOCLEOUS
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Welfare State ◽  
State Analysis

Abstract This article analyses the development of the Council of Social Service for Wales during what is often called the Golden Age of the Welfare State. Recovering the neglected history of the peak organisation for voluntary social service in Wales adds to our understanding of the histories of social policy and postwar Wales. The article addresses social policy from a doubly peripheral perspective – it attends to a territorial periphery of the UK State while voluntary action can be left at the margins of Welfare State analysis. From this perspective we hope to cast new light on the historiography of the ‘British Welfare State’

scholarly journals GARDUACTION SEBAGAI PROTOTIPE BINA DAMAI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI DUSUN MANCINGAN, DESA PARANGTRITIS, KEC.KRETEK, KAB. BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ita Fitri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts

Trash is something that is not useful anymore, discarded by the owner or the original user. In its development garbage brings negative impacts that can harm human life. In fact, the phenomenon is now actually a trigger of social conflict between community groups. The incident occurred in Hamlet Mancingan, Yogyakarta. Some of the phenomena of conflict arise because of these simple issues that cause prolonged conflict. Similarly, the conflict that has been in the name of religion. Therefore, Garduaction is one of the prototype methods of peacebuilding in Mancingan Hamlet as a community of environmentalists. In the action, Garduaction performs waste management with two principles of waste management that is reuse and recycle, such as garbage bank, education camp, little journalist, social service, and go green. These efforts can foster positive values that are linked to previously emerging values such as personal value sources, Javanese cultural values, and Islamic religious values. Keywords: History of Garduaction, Nursery Value, Emphasis Value

scholarly journals GARDUACTION SEBAGAI PROTOTIPE BINA DAMAI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI DUSUN MANCINGAN, DESA PARANGTRITIS, KEC.KRETEK, KAB. BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ita Fitri Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Impacts

Trash is something that is not useful anymore, discarded by the owner or the original user. In its development garbage brings negative impacts that can harm human life. In fact, the phenomenon is now actually a trigger of social conflict between community groups. The incident occurred in Hamlet Mancingan, Yogyakarta. Some of the phenomena of conflict arise because of these simple issues that cause prolonged conflict. Similarly, the conflict that has been in the name of religion. Therefore, Garduaction is one of the prototype methods of peacebuilding in Mancingan Hamlet as a community of environmentalists. In the action, Garduaction performs waste management with two principles of waste management that is reuse and recycle, such as garbage bank, education camp, little journalist, social service, and go green. These efforts can foster positive values that are linked to previously emerging values such as personal value sources, Javanese cultural values, and Islamic religious values. Keywords: History of Garduaction, Nursery Value, Emphasis Value

Philosophic Pride

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

This is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundations of modern political thought. Spanning the period from Justus Lipsius's Politics in 1589 to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile in 1762, and concentrating on arguments originating from England, France, and the Netherlands, the book considers how political writers of the period engaged with the ideas of the Roman and Greek Stoics that they found in works by Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. The book examines key texts in their historical context, paying special attention to the history of classical scholarship and the historiography of philosophy. The book delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, the book details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes. The book shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.

Examining the entry of Walmart into South Africa: A stakeholder management perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Tembinkosi Bonakele ◽  
Dave Beaty ◽  
Fathima Rasool ◽  
Drikus Kriek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus

The recent entry of the US multinational Walmart into South Africa has proved to be a source of controversy. Key stakeholders in South Africa objected to the merger and attempted to block it unless certain conditions were met. The aim of this study was to examine the controversy and the conditions surrounding the merger. The research employed a qualitative archival analysis to examine publicly available sources of information with regard to the merger. The findings revealed key stakeholders’ concerns that Walmart’s entry would lead to an increase in imports which would displace local producers, increase unemployment, marginalise trade unions and lower labour standards unless certain conditions were met. The results also revealed problems relating to the firm’s primary focus on “business” while neglecting “public interest” issues, naively relying on their “local retailer” to manage key stakeholders, and assuming that their perceived controversial reputation regarding treatment of trade unions and their views about unemployment as well as the controversies surrounding their history of entry into other global markets would not have the major negative impact it did on stakeholders in South Africa.

The Fall of Tripoli in 1289 in the Perception of Christian Communities of the Middle East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.А. Панченко
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Religious Polemics

Abstract The article examines the conquest of the County of Tripoli by the Mamelukes in 1289, and the reaction of various Middle Eastern ethnoreligious groups to this event. Along with the Monophysite perspective (the Syriac chronicle of Bar Hebraeus’ Continuator and the work of the Coptic historian Mufaddal ibn Abi-l-Fadail), and the propagandist texts of Muslim Arabic panegyric poets, we will pay special attention to the historical memory of the Orthodox (Melkite) and Maronite communities of northern Lebanon. The contemporary of these events — the Orthodox author Suleiman al-Ashluhi, a native of one of the villages of the Akkar Plateau — laments the fall of Tripoli in his rhymed eulogy. It is noteworthy that this author belongs to the rural Melkite subculture, which — in spite of its conservative character — was capable of producing original literature. Suleiman al-Ashluhi’s work was forsaken by the following generations of Melkites; his poem was only preserved in Maronite manuscripts. Maronite historical memory is just as fragmented. The father of the Modern Era Maronite historiography — Gabriel ibn al-Qilaʿî († 1516) only had fragmentary information on the history of his people in the 13th century: local chronicles and the heroic epos that glorified the Maronite struggle against the Muslim lords that tried to conquer Mount Lebanon. Gabriel’s depiction of the past is not only biased and subject to aims of religious polemics, but also factually inaccurate. Nevertheless, the texts of Suleiman al-Ashluhi and Gabriel ibn al-Qilaʿî give us the opportunity to draw conclusions on the worldview, educational level, political orientation and peculiar traits of the historical memory of various Christian communities of Mount Lebanon.

The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Despite the central importance of festival and devotional piety to premodernMuslims, book-length studies in this field have been relatively rare.Katz’s work, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, represents a tour-deforceof critical scholarship that advances the field significantly both throughits engagement with textual sources from the formative period to the presentand through its judicious use of theoretical tools to analyze this material. Asits title suggests, the work strives to explore how Muslims have alternativelypromoted and contested the commemoration of the Prophet’s birth atdifferent points in history, with a particular emphasis on how the devotionalistapproach, which was prominent in the pre-modern era, fell out of favoramong Middle Eastern Sunnis in the late twentieth century. Aimed primarilyat specialists in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, especially scholarsof history, law, and religion, this work is recommended to anyone interestedin the history of Muslim ritual, the history of devotion to the Prophet, andthe interplay between normative and non-normative forms ofMuslim beliefand practice ...

Labor Movements in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico M. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Labor

The history of Latin America cannot be understood without analyzing the role played by labor movements in organizing formal and informal workers across urban and rural contexts.This chapter analyzes the history of labor movements in Latin America from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. After debating the distinction between “working class” and “popular sectors,” the chapter proposes that labor movements encompass more than trade unions. The history of labor movements is analyzed through the dynamics of globalization, incorporation waves, revolutions, authoritarian breakdowns, and democratization. Taking a relational approach, these macro-dynamics are studied in connection with the main revolutionary and reformist strategic disputes of the Latin American labor movements.

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