Auschwitz and the Politics of Martyrdom and Memory 1945–1947

2007 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Jonathan Huener
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

MORE THAN sixty years after the liberation of Auschwitz, in an era replete with public ceremony, observance, and written recollection, the need for a memorial at the site of Nazi Germany’s largest concentration camp and extermination centre appears obvious. To Poles in 1945, the need was obvious as well, for it was clear in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War that the Auschwitz complex had to be preserved in some fashion and to serve as a memorial to those who had suffered and perished there at the hands of the German invaders. Decisions about the future of the site were driven to a great extent by politics, and the future of the Auschwitz site was at times the subject of a vigorous public conversation. That conversation reflected both the political demands of the time and the dilemmas facing the site’s organizers. Moreover, it set the stage for the pedagogy, iconography, and public reception of Auschwitz in subsequent years and decades....

scholarly journals Herosi czy ofiary? Kapitał moralny Polaków w narracji Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190
Author(s):  
Barbara Markowska
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heroic Narrative ◽  
Second World ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Moral Capital

The author analyzes the narrative of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk using the category of moral capital, which is defined as a supply of moral stories influencing the moral status of the collective entity described as perpetrator or victim of a given event. The author considers that the decision, in 2008, to create the museum was one of the most important initiatives of Polish historical policy. From the beginning, the idea of the museum was the source of disputes, primarily concerning the shape of the Polish narrative about the war. Discussions on the subject and divisions in the political scene led to a spectacular “takeover” of the museum shortly after its opening in 2017. The management was changed and numerous alterations to the main exhibitions were made. The first version of the exhibition stressed the universalism of the experiences of civilians, including Poles, as victims of war-time terror, poverty, fear, occupation, forced labor, or extermination. After analyzing the narrative content of the exhibition opened in March 2019, the author of the article claims that in the modified version we can observe the (re)construction of a heroic narrative, aimed at reinforcing the moral capital of Poles.

COLD WAR AS A CONDITION OF CIVILIZATIONAL CONSENSUS. "THE NEW ATLANTICISM" AS AN IDEOLOGY OF THE FUTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-58
Author(s):  
Boris Mezhuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future ◽  
Soviet Communism ◽  
American Society ◽  
Second World ◽  
Trump Administration

The article, based on the material of the American press, attempts to describe the possible direction of the future US administration's foreign policy towards China. It is concluded that the most realistic scenario is the continuation of a New Cold War with China, which was given the go-ahead by the Trump administration. The political balance between the interests of the upper and lower classes in American society will be achieved by bringing the conflict tension outside the Euro-Atlantic zone. The project of a New Cold War will allow the countries involved in this war to create a basis for solving the main problem of today-providing jobs for their own population, as well as to create and strengthen a bipartisan, left-right, or liberal-conservative consensus, similar to that formed after the Second World War in the United States and Europe on the basis of opposition to Soviet communism. An ideology that can be born out of the mutual elimination and mutual exhaustion of two unacceptable extremes in the post-quarantine era-liberal-globalism and national-populism-is called «new Atlanticism» in the article. The boundaries of Euro-Atlantic civilization, as well as the principles of its internal organization, will be determined within the framework of the «new Atlanticism» not by a confessional factor, but rather by a certain mobile set of secular attitudes ranging from moderate liberal conservatism to radical progressivism of the left-socialist sense.

Paradoxes of the self: the autobiographical construction of the subject in the Italian Communist Party and in Italian neo-feminism

Modern Italy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Walter Stefano Baroni
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
First Person ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This article compares the autobiographical practices used by the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) in the aftermath of the Second World War with those developed by Italian neo-feminism from the late 1960s onwards. The former involved a repeated injunction for activists to write about and express themselves upon joining the party, in what amounted to self-criticism. The latter, meanwhile, took shape as a result of self-consciousness exercises practised by feminist groups in various cities across Italy. The terms of comparison of this article aim to describe what changed and what remained the same in the technologies used to produce the political self within the Italian Left in the twentieth century, beginning from its split in the 1960s. In this context, the paper reveals that the communist and feminist experiences were supported by the same discursive mechanism, which hinged on a paradoxical enunciation of the self. Communist activists and feminists thus faced the same difficulty in political self-expression, which was resolved in two different ways, both equally unsatisfactory. In conclusion, examining the communist autobiographical injunction allows a radical critical reappraisal of the idea that the use of the first person and the political affirmation of subjectivity are determining features exclusively bound to the feminist experience.

Hendrik Draye, tegenstander van de uitvoering van de doodstraf

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Luc Vandeweyer
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World ◽  
Young Professor

Hendrik Draye, opponent of the carrying out of the death penaltyIn this annotated and extensively contextualised source edition, Luc Vandeweyer deals with the period of repression after the Second World War. In June 1948, after the execution of two hundred collaboration-suspects in Belgium, the relatively young linguistics professor at the Catholic University of Leuven, Hendrik Draye, proposed, on humanitarian grounds, a Manifesto against the carrying out of the death penalty. Some colleagues, as well as some influential personalities outside the university, reacted positively; some colleagues were rather hesitant; most of them rejected the text. In the end, the initiative foundered because of the emphatic dissuasion by the head of university, who wanted to protect his university and, arguably, the young professor Draeye. The general public’s demand for revenge had not yet abated by then; moreover, the unstable government at that time planned a reorientation of the penal policy, which made a polarization undesirable. Nevertheless, Luc Vandeweyer concludes, "the opportunity for an important debate on the subject had been missed".

scholarly journals Will the World’s Glass after the Coronavirus Pandemic Be Half-Empty or Half-Full?

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
Dubravka Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Great Crash ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

AbstractThe author comments on the political and economic options in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic that started at the beginning of 2020. She revisits responses to the crises of the First World War, the Great Crash of 1929, and the Second World War, sorting them into ‘pessimistic’ and ‘optimistic’ responses, and outlining their respective consequences.

scholarly journals Per Ravenna trecentesca: nuove proposte per l’assetto architettonico di Santa Maria in Porto Fuori

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-31
Author(s):  
Fabio Massaccesi
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Church

Abstract This contribution intends to draw attention to one of the most significant monuments of medieval Ravenna: the church of Santa Maria in Porto Fuori, which was destroyed during the Second World War. Until now, scholars have focused on the pictorial cycle known through photographs and attributed to the painter Pietro da Rimini. However, the architecture of the building has not been the subject of systematic studies. For the first time, this essay reconstructs the fourteenth-century architectural structure of the church, the apse of which was rebuilt by 1314. The data that led to the virtual restitution of the choir and the related rood screen are the basis for new reflections on the accesses to the apse area, on the pilgrimage flows, and on the view of the frescoes.

scholarly journals SPIRITS, POWER AND THE POLITICAL IMAGINATION IN LATE-COLONIAL GABON

Africa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cinnamon
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
World War ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTThrough narratives of an anti-‘fetish’ movement that swept through north-eastern Gabon in the mid-1950s, the present article traces the contours of converging political and religious imaginations in that country in the years preceding independence. Fang speakers in the region make explicit connections between the arrival of post-Second World War electoral politics, the anti-fetish movements, and perceptions of political weakening and marginalization of their region on the eve of independence. Rival politicians and the colonial administration played key roles in the movement, which brought in a Congolese ritual expert, Emane Boncoeur, and his two powerful spirits, Mademoiselle and Mimbare. These spirits, later recuperated in a wide range of healing practices, continue to operate today throughout northern Gabon and Rio Muni. In local imaginaries, these spirits played central roles in the birth of both regional and national politics, paradoxically strengthening the colonial administration and Gabonese auxiliaries in an era of pre-independence liberalization. Thus, regional political events in the 1950s rehearsed later configurations of power, including presidential politics, on the national stage.

scholarly journals Agency and Analogy in African History: the Contribution of Extra-Mural Studies in Ghana

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 273-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
African History ◽  
World War ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Autobiographical Texts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

As the pioneering generation of postwar British academics retired, some produced autobiographical texts which revealed the personal circumstances and intellectual influences that brought them to the study of Africa. Edited volumes have also provided broader reflections on the academic disciplines, methodologies, and institutions through which these scholars engaged with the continent. In one such text, Christopher Clapham and Richard Hodder-Williams noted the special relationship between extramural studies (also known as university adult education) and the academic study of Africa's mass nationalist movements:The impetus for this study came to a remarkable degree from a tiny group of men and women who pioneered university extra-mural studies in the Gold Coast immediately after the [Second World War], and to a significant extent established the parameters for subsequent study of the subject [African politics]. Gathered together under the aegis of Thomas Hodgkin […], they were led by David Kimble […], and included among the tutors Dennis Austin, Lalage Bown and Bill Tordoff, all of whom were to play a major role in African studies in the United Kingdom over the next forty years.

scholarly journals Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dengan Metode Contextual Teaching Learning pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Esmeria Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contextual Teaching ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Second World ◽  
Passing Score ◽  
Test Result

This research’s subject is 36 person of students at class of Social Science-3 grade XII, as the research’s object is the method of Contextual Teaching Learning.  The instrument of collecting data are the questionaire and the students score list . Based on pre test result to the 36 students, shows that 28 who obtained low score predicated ‘not passed’ as had not yet achieved Minimal Passing Score of 70, while the rest of 8 passed by obtaining the passing score. In the first cycle, there were 16 of student passed by obtaining the passing score of 70, whereas the rest of 20 were not passed by did not obtaining the passing score. In the second cycle there were 34 of students passed the test while the rest of 2 students were not passed the test. By based on several results of pre test, post test of the first cycle, and post test of the second cycle, indicated increasing the result of teaching-learning significantly. Therefore, could be concluded that using the method of Contextual Teaching Learning can be increase achievement of student learning at the subject of history on the subject matter of Analising Development of World History and Position of Indonesia in the middle of International Politic and Eco-nomic Changing post Second World War.

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