IS IT POSSIBLE TO REANIMATE THE RUSSIAN IDEA?

It is the description of change the sense of Russian idea under the influence of neoliberal transformation of Russia. The Russian idea was understood as all-around everybody will have much wealth because of freedom market relations. Voucher and MMM - are two parts of new Russian idea, realization of which was coincide with destruction of Soviet Union as superpower. It was the aim of western strategy. Neoliberal policy did not take into account the west conception of world order with the ruling role of united states. Russia was the main obstacle on this way. The adequate evaluation of neoliberal policy was the true way of understanding real sense of Russian idea as self-defense of Russian civilization, the unity of humanity and escape it from self-destruction. The essay opens the discussion about Russia as simbol of «backword» and west as the simbol of «Progress», and «Slavophiles» and «Westerners», position of Lev Tolstoy moral position and Max Weberʼs war against Lev Tolstoy. The new understanding of Russian idea was considered in context of global changes and victories of Red Army in great war with Nazism, becoming soviet union as superpower. The Russian idea gave the new life to the conception of the Third Rome with the new understanding of perspectives contemporary evolution of civilization.

LEV SHESTOV - ON THE OTHER SIDE OF TRUTH AND GOODNESS

The article tells of one of the best researches of the creative career and the intellectual evolution of the most important Russian existentialist philosopher Leo Shestov. This book written by Italian scholar Andrea Oppo was published in 2020 in US. It depicts all the details of the growing up of Shestov as a thinker, examines closely all his works, including short pieces, analyses practically all the aspects of his biography. It stresses the thesis that the book «Lev Shestov: The Philosophy and Works of a Tragic Thinker» can be called as probably the best of all that have been published in English about this thinker in the terms of objectivity and all-compassing of all contexts of his world-view. But at the same time the review states that the author uses his own conception of the evolution of his hero that seems to be not so evident. The author proves that later Shestov came apart from Nietzscheanism and adopted the standpoint of existentially reconsidered Neo-Platonism, that the struggle against one-sided Western rationalism displaced for him the conflict with moral, Plotinus displaced Kant. The review proves that this point of view keeps out of consideration a whole range of very important aspects in the works of later Shestov particularly of his interest to the ideas of Danish thinker Soren Kierkegaard.

RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE HISTORICAL PATH OF EUROPEAN METAPHYSICS

History of European metaphysics is an object of intensive study in history of philosophy as academic discipline. Reconstructions of history European metaphysics as a whole are the most important form of philosophical historiography in author’s view. The article analyzes some of the reconstructions of the kind.

ON SOME RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE TEUTONIC ORDER STATE BASED ON RECENT PUBLICATIONS

The Authors give a brief overview of recent publications on the history of the Teutonic order state in the territories of East Prussia in some religious aspects.

PHILOSOPHY BEGAN. BOOK REVIEW: TRAWNY P. PHILOSOPHIE DER LIEBE. [TRAWNY P. PHILOSOPHY OF LOVE]

The review examines a new bestseller by a famous German philosopher with an unusual theme of love.

ETHICS AND MEDICINE

This review examines such ethical categories as respect for patient freedom, paternalism, protection of the patient's interests, the principle of sustainability, justified allocation of resources, etc. It is noted, in particular, that, according to the principle of equitable distribution of medical resources, everyone gets what they deserve, in accordance with health needs and no one is discriminated against based on individual characteristics such as gender, socioeconomic status or age. Under the principle of patient freedom, people have the right to make informed decisions of their own, including with regard to voluntary vaccination programs.

ETHICAL ISSUES AND THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary ethical issues related to the coronavirus epidemic. Such principles of biomedical ethics as respect for the freedom of the patient, non-harm are analyzed. A precautionary approach is formulated, the main norms of which are practicality, impartiality, proportionality and justification. It is emphasized that public health advice and action should be part of a broader effort to gain and maintain confidence in the action taken. Reasonable trust requires a serious attitude to the ethical problems associated with the implementation of the intended ethical principles.

BOOK REVIEW: MARKOVIć L. NIJE DOBRO ALI IMA NáDE. EUROPA I NJEZINE DILEME. [MARKOVIC L. NO THAT IT’S GOOD, BUT THERE’S HOPE. EUROPE AND ITS DILEMMAS]

This paper is a review of the book written by the famous Croatian-German researcher L. Markovic, containing answers primarily to such challenges facing Europe as the migration crisis, the confrontation of Christianity and Islam, abd the upsurge of right-wing radicalism. The author makes an attempt to help «a little» man overcome his fears associated with finding a rightful place in the modern world.

IRRATIONAL SOLUTIONS

The review presents D. Arieli's point of view on the extension of irrational decisions. To avoid their pitfalls, the author proposes to develop certain rules of behavior.

THE ORIGIN AND ESSENCE OF THE STATE: NEW SOURCES

The review examines three monographs: «The Origin of inequality, civilization and the State» by N.N. Kradin, «Against the Grain. The Deep History of Ancient States» by James Scott and «States and Power» by Richard Lachman.