Pengembangan lembar kerja siswa materi garis singgung lingkaran untuk pembelajaran menggunakan model inquiry

Based on observations at PPL in SMP 21 Malang in 2012/2013, many student of class 8^th and 9^th are forget how to calculate the length of common tangent. The purpose of this development is to produce a student worksheet on the material tangent for activity learning using Inquiry model which is valid, practical, and effective.Development of student worksheet on tangen material for activity learning using Inquiry models was adapting by Plomp model. In developing a learning media consists of five phases: (1) initial investigation phase, (2) the design phase, (3) phase of realization / construction, (4) phase of the test, evaluation, and revision (5) the implementation phase. According from validation and the results of field trial the student worksheets were developed was valid by percentage of 88.3 percent, practically by percentage of 87.5 percent, and called effective because the scores that were obtained by six students in to answer evaluation had passed the minimum passing score which is given is 75. Berdasarkan observasi saat PPL di SMP Negeri 21 Malang tahun 2012/2013, banyak siswa kelas VIII dan IX lupa saat ditanya bagaimana cara menghitung panjang garis singgung persekutuan dua lingkaran. Tujuan dari pengembangan ini untuk mengembangkan lembar kerja siswa dengan materi garis singgung lingkaran untuk pembelajaran menggunakan model Inquiry yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Pengembangan lembar kerja siswa materi garis singgung lingkaran untuk pembelajaran model Inquiry ini dikembangkan dengan mengadaptasi model Plomp. Dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran terdiri menjadi lima fase yaitu : (1) fase investigasi awal, (2) fase desain, (3) fase realisasi/konstruksi, (4) fase tes, evaluasi, dan revisi (5) fase implementasi. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dan uji coba lapangan lembar kerja siswa yang dikembangkan valid dengan persentase 88,3 persen, praktis dengan persentase 87,5 persen, dan dikatakan valid karena nilai evaluasi yang didapatkan oleh enam siswa memenuhi kriteria kelulusan minimal yang diberikan yaitu 75

Pelatihan Komputer Bagi Guru SMP Taman Rama Jimbaran

This social engagement is done in order to improve understanding and performance of the teachers of Taman Rama Jimbaran Junior High School (TRJ-JHS) where there is no teachers that have the background study in Informatics and Technology. There are only 5 classes n TRJ-JHS. This small numbers of classes has caused less number of teaching periods. The solution to solve this problem is by assigning the teachers to teach other subjects that were not their background of study before. Based on the regulation of Educational Ministry Number 15 Year 2018, verse 4 poin 3 stated that “The implementation of learning process is 24 period per week as the minimum total and 40 periods per week as the maximum total. This lack of knowledge has made teachers found difficulties especially regarding the topics about Algorithm and programs. Purposes of study are to improve the level of knowledge and performances also it will enable the teachers to teach the students appropriately based on the competency gained. Method used was online conference through Ms Team. Main findings of this social engagement are: the eagerness of the Principal and teachers of TRJ-JHS to improve level of knowledge and performances by giving feedback through practices. There were 2 times evaluations after 3rd and 4th meetings by reconsidering difficulties on the process. The teachers are able to understand the topics especially on Algorithm and the skills in making and editing the learning videos. The results of pre-test and post-test has shown the improvement where at the pre-test out of 20 participants, 16 failed while 4 passed the passing score 76 and the results of post-test was all participants can get the scored 76 and above. Finally, this improvement is expected to be applied properly and appropriately for students especially for the subject Informatics and technology.

Chinese ICU Physicians’ Knowledge of Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD): A Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: Patients with sepsis have a high mortality rate, accumulated evidences suggest that an optimal antibiotic administration strategy based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics（PK/PD）can improve the prognosis of septic patients. Therefore, we assessed Chinese intensive care unit (ICU) physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD.Methods: In December 2019, we designed a questionnaire focused on Chinese ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD and collected the questionnaires after 3 months. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail and WeChat, and was distributed to ICU doctors in 31 administrative regions of China except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The passing score was corrected by the Angoff method, and the ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD was analysed accordingly.Results: We received a total of 1,309 questionnaires and retained 1,240 valid questionnaires. The passing score was 90.8, and the overall pass rate was 56.94%. The pass rate for tertiary and secondary hospitals was 59.07% and 37.19%, respectively. ICU physicians with less than 5 years of work experience and resident physician accounted for the highest pass rate, while those with between 5 to 10 years of work experience and attending accounted for the lowest pass rate. The majority of participants in the Chinese Critical Care Certified Course (5C) were from Jiangsu and Henan provinces, and they had the highest average scores (125.8 and 126.5, respectively). For Beijing and Shanghai, the average score was only 79.4 and 90.9, respectively.Conclusions: Chinese ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD.

The Adequacy of Undergraduate Orthopaedic Education in Makurdi, North central Nigeria

A large number of patients seek help for musculoskeletal conditions. Students and doctors have been noted to have a poor cognitive mastery of the subject area. This study aims to determine the adequacy of orthopedic learning of final year medical students. Freedman and Bernstein’s validated basic cognitive examination was administered to final year medical students who had completed their orthopaedic surgery course work and clinical rotations. Overall scores and responses to the individual questions were analyzed using SPSS. The recommended passing score of 73.1 per cent was employed. Forty undergraduate medical students took part in the study. None of the students attained the passing score of ≥73.1%. The mean score was 21.2%. The students performed best in general orthopaedics with a mean score of 11.4%. They scored 5.3% and 4.6% in anatomy and trauma respectively. The final year undergraduate students had a poor knowledge of orthopaedics. Considering the huge burden of musculoskeletal complaints, further studies are needed to assess interventions that will lead to curriculum improvement in the school.

Assessment of computer workstations for compliance with ergonomic guidelines: A field study

BACKGROUND: Computer workstation use is a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Governmental guidelines have been developed as a resource for workstation set-up to minimize this risk. The degree of worksite compliance with guidelines has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine workstations using the VDT Workstation Checklist to determine compliance, and potential modifications. METHODS: Subjects were recruited from a variety of work settings in Erie, PA. Workstations were assessed with the worker present, using the VDT Workstation Checklist. Adjustments and recommendations were made as appropriate. RESULTS: Of the 60 workstations examined, 48%did not receive a passing score. All but one were correctable to an acceptable level with minimal low-cost modifications. The recommendation for wrist rests (43%), changes in monitor height (30%) or position (27%) and reposition of the keyboard (13.3%) and mouse (13.3%) were the most frequent modifications. Ten (16.7%) workstations did not require modification. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of workstations reviewed were not in compliance with current guidelines, however almost all (98%) could be brought into compliance with simple modifications. Office workers need guidance in setting up workspace and adjusting ergonomic equipment to provide comfortable and safe work settings and minimize musculoskeletal symptoms.

Implementation of Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a tool to evaluate the development of clinical reasoning in physical therapy students and level of satisfaction with its use

Introduction: Clinical reasoning involves critical thinking and decision-making in clinical situations. It can be evaluated using Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), which measures clinical skills associated with the development of clinical reasoning. Objective: To describe the implementation of an OSCE to evaluate the clinical skills associated with the development of clinical reasoning in physical therapy students, and to determine their level of satisfaction with this strategy. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in 159 physiotherapy students from Universidad Andres Bello, Chile, enrolled in the Reasoning in Physical therapy course. The OSCE had 11 stations and a student satisfaction survey was administered. Data normality was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Descriptive statistics (percentages, medians, and interquartile ranges (IQR)) were used for data analysis. Results: The median global score was 142 points (IQR:132-150) and 61.1% of the students obtained a passing score (≥ 134 points). Stations in which most students had a passing score were S3, S5 and S7 (with standardized patients): 78.62%, 96.85% and 85.53%, respectively. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 36.48% and 59.12% of the students agreed and strongly agreed with using tools that assess their clinical skills. Conclusions: The OSCE was successfully designed and implemented to evaluate the clinical skills associated with the the development of clinical reasoning in the study population, and most of them reported a high level of satisfaction with its use; this confirms OSCE is an excellent methodology to train and evaluate physical therapy students.

Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to assess physical therapy students' clinical skills when using physical agents

Introduction: The use of Physical Agents (PA) in the practice of physical therapy (PT) specialty requires clinical reasoning and knowing their risks and contraindications; however, sometimes deficiencies are observed when used in clinical practice. Objective: To implement the Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) methodology for the assessment of clinical skills in physical therapy specialty students when using PA. Materials and methods: A pilot non-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted in 114 physical therapy students enrolled during the first semester of 2019 in a PA course offered at the Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile. The OSCE consisted of seven peer-validated stations in which various skills were implemented in simulated clinical scenarios to achieve learning outcomes associated with the use of PA, namely: S1: Connective tissue flexibility; S2:Muscle relaxation; S3:Analgesia; S4:Drainage; S5:Strengthening; S6:Parameters interpretation, and S7:Equipment installation. Observers at each station assessed students’ clinical skills and decision-making using a checklist. OSCE scores were described using medians and interquartile ranges, representing the data dispersion between the 25th and 75th percentile (P25-P75). Stations scores by gender were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Median scores were higher than the minimum passing score in stations S1 (66, IQR: 52-70), S2 (55, IQR: 45-60), S3 (60, IQR: 50-69), S4 (65, IQR: 55-73), and S7 (40, IQR: 33-45), but they were below the passing score in stations S5 (54, IQR:46-65) and S6 (10, IQR: 9-13). In addition, 101 (88.59%) students had a global passing score in the OSCE. Conclusion: The OSCE scores obtained by the participants show their attainment of clinical skills when using PA, since most of them obtained a global passing score; however, reinforcing the parameters interpretation clinical skills is necessary, since the lowest mean score was obtained in said station.

The Implemetation of Contextual Redefinition Strategy for the Improvement of Reading Skill of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia’s Students

One way of improving understanding of English for Specific Purposes is through Contextual Redefinition Strategy (CRS). The implementation of CRS is meant to enhance the understanding of students of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia mostly in computers and business terms. The implementation of CRS is done through Classroom Action Research (CAR) in 3 stages of activities; those are pre-implementation, Middle Test (Cycle I) and Final Test (Cycle II). Besides, questionnaire is used with the purpose to know students’ attitude towards CRS’ implementation. The results of reading test on pre–implementation show that out of 40 students, there were 26 students did not get the lowest score 55 as the passing score of the college. After the explanation of CRS stages, middle and Final Tests tested the topics of reading texts on computers and business through search for clues in nearby words or sentences, and paragraphs of a text. Specific context clues that should be explicitly considered to understand the meaning of the sentences are definition/explanation, synonym/restatement, antonym/contrast, inference/general, and punctuation context. The results of Middle Test show that 22 students could get the score above 55, however most of students made mistakes in making redefinition based on inference/general and punctuation context. The results of Cycle II show that all students can score above 55. Besides, the results show that the students could improve their understanding for inference/general and punctuation context. The questionnaire shows that the students are motivated to acquire more and more vocabularies based on the needs for computer and business terms. The implementation of CRS does not only improve students’ ability to understand English based on its context but also enrich the vocabularies.

The peritoneal dialysis orders objective structured clinical examination (OSCE): A formative assessment for nephrology fellows

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) management is a fundamental nephrology skill, especially with the recent emphasis on home dialysis. We report a prospective multicentre cohort study of a formative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assessing competence in managing PD-associated bacterial peritonitis, using the unified model of construct validity. Methods: The OSCE was developed by the principal investigators and reviewed by two subject matter experts. The test committee (eight nephrologists and one PD nurse) assessed test item difficulty/relevance and determined passing score. There were 22 test items (7 evidence-based/standard-of-care questions). Passing score was 16/22 (73%). No item had median relevance less than ‘important’, and all were easy to medium difficulty. Content validity index was 0.91. Preliminary validation (16 board-certified volunteers): mean score was 19 ± 2, with 94% (15/16) passing. Kappa = 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–0.94]. Cronbach’s α = 0.70. Results: Eighty-seven fellows (16 programmes) were tested; 67% passed. Fellows scored significantly less than validators: 17 ± 3 versus 19 ± 2, p < 0.001 [95% CI 1.2–3.6]. Eighty-six per cent of evidence-based/standard-of-care questions were answered correctly by validators versus 54% by fellows; p < 0.001. Ninety-three per cent of fellows recognized that sufficient criteria were present to diagnose peritonitis, but only 17% correctly indicated all three. Seventy-seven per cent recognized peritonitis-associated ultrafiltration failure, but only 17% prescribed 21 days of antibiotic treatment for gram-negative peritonitis. Eighty-five per cent of fellows surveyed agreed/strongly agreed that the OSCE was useful in self-assessing proficiency. Second-year in-training examination and OSCE scores were positively correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.57, p < 0.00). Conclusions: The OSCE may be used to formatively assess fellow proficiency in managing PD-associated peritonitis.

An Evaluation of TOEFL Benchmark Policy as an Exit Requirement for Undergraduate Students

This study investigated the TOEFL benchmark policy as an exit requirement for Universitas Teuku Umar students. The research method used was survey design hereby the data from the questionnaire and students' TOEFL score were collected. Under the policy, the students have to pass the standard passing score of TOEFL to graduate. 100 non-English major students from Universitas Teuku Umar participated in this study. The results of the study revealed that the participants gave more positive responses than negative ones. The extend of approval for this policy seemed more related to their abilities, awareness of the importance of learning English, and motivation to learn English. The result from TOEFL scores taken from 2018-2019 found that as many as 58% of students failed to obtain minimum criteria (˃ 400) while only 42% of them reached 400 or above. It indicates that Universitas Teuku Umar students are not ready yet to face this policy. On the other hand, based on the questionnaire result, most students agreed with the implementation of TOEFL as an exit requirement, however, a minimum passing score should be evaluated and a set of students' needs under the policy should be facilitated.