scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY ON REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT IN CHINA: A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigang Wei ◽  
Patrick T. I. Lam ◽  
Yat Hung Chiang ◽  
Barbara Y. P. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Investment In China

Monetary policy on real estate investment in China has had varying impacts across the country due to regional differences. A supply-determined model is used to measure the policy effects on property investment volume based on a set of regional data from 2003 to 2010. This research yields several important findings contributing to an understanding of uneven policy effects on the unbalanced regional markets. Firstly, it is revealed that the eastern coastal provinces in China have a higher dependence on bank loans for housing investment than that of the other inland provinces. Secondly, this research has disentangled the specific transmission channels of monetary policy in the property market. Bank loan supply, instead of interest rates, would be a potentially effective policy tool for the government in making property market adjustment. Thirdly, the eastern coastal provinces are more sensitive in their responses to the changes of monetary stances than the other non-coastal central and western provinces. Therefore, the government must take note of the significant heterogeneity arising from the regional differences in estimating the policy impacts, although monetary policy is uniformly employed in the nation most of the time.

The Division of Some Mexican Haciendas during the Liberal Revolution, 1856-1862

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bazant
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
San Luis ◽  
San Luis Potosi ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
The Church

In the middle of the nineteenth century, ecclesiastical wealth in Mexico consisted basically of real estate and mortgages. The Church avoided investments in mining, industry and commerce. There were regional differences, the Church being richer in some parts of the country than in others: in the two most important cities, Mexico and Puebla, the different ecclesiastical corporations owned about half of the total real estate, whereas in some of the smaller cities, such as Veracruz, Jalapa, Orizaba, Córdoba and San Luis Potosí, the Church was proportionately much poorer. The urban real estate consisted of houses rented on fairly favourable terms to both rich and poor, monastic buildings and churches. In the countryside, the Church was considerably poorer than in the cities: its haciendas were few compared to the number of those privately owned, and their value amounted to about 5 per cent of that of all rural estate. Real estate formed about one-half of Church possessions; the other half consisted of mortgages.

scholarly journals Access to Affordable Houses for the Low-Income Urban Dwellers in Kigali: Analysis Based on Sale Prices

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Uwayezu ◽  
Walter T. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Real Estate Developers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Housing Units

The government of Rwanda recently passed housing development regulations and funding schemes which aim at promoting access to affordable houses for the low- and middle-income Kigali city inhabitants. The existing studies on housing affordability in this city did not yet discuss whether this government-supported programme is likely to promote access to housing for these target beneficiaries. This study applies the price-to-income ratio (PIR) approach and the 30-percent of household income standard through the bank loan to assess whether housing units developed in the framework of affordable housing schemes are, for the target recipients, affordable at all. It relies mainly on housing prices schemes held by real estate developers, data on households’ incomes collected through the household survey and a review of the existing studies and socio-economic censuses reports. Findings reveal that the developed housing units are seriously and severely unaffordable for most of the target beneficiaries, especially the lowest-income urban dwellers, due to the high costs of housing development, combined with the high profits expected by real estate developers. The study suggests policy and practical options for promoting inclusive urban (re)development and housing affordability for various categories of Kigali city inhabitants. These options include upgrading the existing informal settlements, combined with their conversion into shared apartments through the collaboration between property owners and real estate developers, the development of affordable rental housing for the low-income tenants, tax exemption on construction materials, progressive housing ownership through a rent-to-own approach, and incremental self-help housing development using the low-cost local materials.

scholarly journals State Intervention in Land Supply and Its Impact on Real Estate Investment in China: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Su ◽  
Zhu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Land Development ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Central State ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Investment In China ◽  
The Impact

State intervention in land supply can be a powerful tool in shaping real estate investment. Yet, few studies have examined the effect of central state intervention on land supply at the municipal level and the impact of land supply on real estate investment with respect to different tiers of prefecture-level cities in China. Varying central–local dynamics of land supply in different tiers of cities, and the often taken-for-granted relationship between land supply and real estate investment, warrant further investigation. This study aims to fill these gaps. It is found that the multi-purposed central land policy and the varying land leasing strategies adopted by different tiers of cities contribute to the varying land supply trajectories, calling for more nuanced and better-tailored central land policies that focus on the socioeconomic conditions of cities. The general significant and positive correlation between land supply and real estate investment, revealed by a panel regression analysis incorporating 280 prefecture-level Chinese cities, suggests that land supply control can function as a critical tool in governing real estate investment in China, which also sheds light on the governance and promotion of sustainable real estate markets in other parts of the world. This study also reveals a higher possibility of land speculation in first- and second-tier cities than that of low-tier cities. The nuanced correlations between land supply and real estate investment and the varying land development strategies employed in different tiers of Chinese cities imply that the effectiveness of land supply intervention in shaping healthy real estate investment may depend on local contingencies, calling for meticulous and tailored governance on land supply and real estate investment behaviors.

Spatial Deployment of the Chinese Property Market (2010–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950006
Author(s):  
ELFIE SWERTS
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
New Perspective

Real estate activities and companies in China have grown considerably since the major reforms of the late 1970s. This paper examines the spatial deployment of firms linked to the Chinese real estate market in Chinese cities in 2010, 2013 and 2016. It provides a first mapping of multinational firms specialized in the real estate sector. It describes the patterns of ownership networks built by financial links both between foreign multinational firms and Chinese firms and among multinational firms themselves. It therefore provides a new understanding about the penetration of both foreign direct investment (FDI) and Hong Kong’s role in the Chinese real estate market. This paper provides a comparison of the spatial location logics of these firms according to their Chinese or foreign origin and offers a new perspective on the geography of real estate investment by analyzing financial links between the Chinese and foreign cities involved.

Money Laundering in Real Estate (RE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lokanan ◽  
Gaurav Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Stability

Money laundering is a defiance of law and order within the real estate (RE) sector in Canada. Laundering of illicit funds impacts the stability, reliability, and integrity of the government, financial institutions, and the economic sectors. Due to its mysterious nature, there are more unknowns about the quantum of snow washing in the property market or its effects on price inflation. Using data from the Cullen Commission about money laundering in Canada, this chapter is an effort to examine the nuances that law enforcement encounters while investigating illegal investment operations. This chapter illuminates a broad range of problems around the investigations of unlawful investments and recommends pragmatic solutions to the illicit flow of money in RE sector of Canada.

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