scholarly journals MENTAL MAP OF THE CITY: ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARGUMENTATION AND CREATIVITY IN MODERN CITY PLANNING

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Jász
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
Mental Map ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Lewis Mumford in The City in History (first edition in 1961) emphasises that the structure of modern cities is partially responsible for many social problems seen in Western society. Urban planning should concentrate on an organic relationship between people and their living spaces. The city is a product of Earth, a fact of nature, man’s method of expression, Mumford writes in his The Culture of Cities (first edition in 1938). This also means that both the designer and the user must have a high degree of creativity in order to design and utilise the built environment. By analysing the definition of the city Mumford examines its changes during history from ancient times to recent planning method. He criticises the most dominant design processes of the 20th century: the functionalist and mechanical urban design. He is an advocate of the organic method in planning and understanding cities. The organic approach requires an active and creative approach as opposed to mere passive reception.This organic approach by Mumford to understanding cities is based on the theory of Kevin A. Lynch. We may distinguish 3 normative ways of city planning theory: (1) the cosmic, (2) the mechanic and (3) the organic model.In my paper I will first apply the onion model of culture developed by Geert Hofstede for the city and its analysis, and also for the appearance of creativity in them. After that I am going to examine the city with a special, architectural based mind map theory: the five elements by Lynch. Lynch suggests that these five elements (paths, edges, districts, nodes, landmarks) create the mental map for readability. Finally, I will investigate a usage of mental map in modern city planning (Le Corbusier) and works on the process of “debabelisation” (Otto Neurath). Santrauka Lewisas Mumfordas Mieste istorijoje (pirmasis leidimas – 1961 m.) pabrėžia, kad šiuolaikinių miestų struktūrai tenka dalis atsakomybės dėl daugelio socialinių problemų, regimų Vakarų visuomenėje. Miesto planavimas turėtų būti koncentruojamas į organišką ryšį tarp žmonių ir jų gyvenamųjų erdvių. Miestų kultūroje (pirmasis leidimas – 1938) Mumfordas rašo, kad miestas – tai Žemės produktas, gamtos įvykis, žmogiškosios išraiškos metodas. Tai taip pat reiškia, kad tiek projektuotojas, tiek vartotojas turi būti itin kūrybiškas, idant suprojektuotų ir panaudotų sukurtą aplinką. Analizuodamas miesto apibrėžimą, Mumfordas nagrinėja jo kaitą istorijoje nuo antikos laikų iki dabartinio planavimo metodo. Jis kritikuoja XX a. labiausiai įsivyravusius projektavimo procesus: funkcionalistinį ir mechaninį miesto projektavimą. Jis yra organinio metodo, taikomo miestams planuoti ir suprasti, šalininkas. Organiškas požiūris reikalauja aktyvaus ir kūrybiško požiūrio, priešpriešinamo grynai pasyviam suvokimui.Šis organiškas Mumfordo požiūris, suprantant miestus, grindžiamas Kevino A. Lyncho teorija. Galime išskirti tris normatyvinius miesto planavimo teorijos būdus: 1) kosminį; 2) mechaninį; 3) organinį modelį.Straipsnyje pirmiausia taikomas svogūninis kultūros modelis, kurį miestui ir jo analizei, taip pat jų kūrybiškumo pasireiškimui sukūrė Geertas Hofstede. Paskui nagrinėjamas miestas, pasitelkiant ypatingą, architektūra grindžiamą proto žemėlapio teoriją – penkis Lyncho elementus. Lynchas teigia, kad šie penki elementai (takai, pakraščiai, rajonai, susikirtimo taškai, peizažai) kuria mentalinį reglamentavimo žemėlapį. Galiausiai tyrinėjama, kaip proto žemėlapis naudojamas šiuolaikiniam miestui planuoti (Le Corbusier) ir kokią įtaką daro „debabilizacijos“ procesui (Otto Neurathas).

Arcades City: Early-Modern City Planning Practice of Wuzhou

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Bai Hao Li ◽  
Li Lin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historic City

With regard to planning theory and practical construction of Early-modern City Planning in Wuzhou, the paper discusses the historic city regeneration was adhere to old city structure and regional resource at early stage, and new planning refer to technology of ideal cities in Europe and America later. It also analyzes the urban morphology for the "Road Construction→Historic City Renovation→Experimental Regional Planning" process, summarizes the activities of Wuzhou early-modern city planning and construction has “Arcades City” characteristic.

scholarly journals La actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada. El nuevo paradigma de la gestión urbanística en suelo urbanizado = The integrated regeneration and renovation in the urban intervention. The new paradigm of city planning management

2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alvaro Cerezo Ibarrondo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
City Planning ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Urban Intervention ◽  
Urban Preservation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Of Property ◽  
The City

ResumenLa actuación sobre el medio urbano de regeneración y renovación integrada (aMU-RRi) configura el nuevo paradigma de la intervención urbana, la preservación urbana con carácter conjunto e integrado. Para ello redefine la viabilidad económica, afecta el deber de conservación del derecho de propiedad a la actuación y articula un modelo de equidistribución de reparto de costes que supera las pautas del urbanismo que hemos conocido.El presente artículo constituye un breve recorrido histórico por los instrumentos y técnicas que ha dispuesto el urbanismo español para la preservación urbana: desde inviable e insostenible modelo clásico del urbanismo, pasando por el modelo de la sostenibilidad que incorporó la sostenibilidad plena y el régimen estatutario del derecho de propiedad, pero que estableció un régimen general de intervención sobre el suelo urbanizado inviable y dejó un hueco falto de regulación para la preservación de la ciudad; para alcanzar la definición de la aMU-RRi con la legislación del modelo por la ciudad y sus adaptaciones autonómicas de medio urbano y que ayudará a la formación del nuevo paradigma urbanístico, basado en la función social del derecho de propiedad que nos hemos dado para la preservación urbana conjunta e integrada de eso que llamamos, la ciudad.AbstractThe integrated urban regeneration and renewal intervention (aMU-RRi) configures the new paradigm of urban intervention, with its joint and integrated character for urban preservation. To this end, it redefines the economic viability, affects the duty of preservation of the right of property and articulates a model of equistribution of distribution of costs that surpasses the urban planning guidelines that we have known.This paper constitutes a brief historical journey through the instruments and techniques that Spanish urban planning has provided for urban preservation: from an unviable and unsustainable classic urban planning model, through the sustainability model that it incorporated full sustainability and the statutory property rights regime, but that established an unviable general intervention regime in the existing city areas and also left a gap due to the lack of regulation for the preservation of the city; and finally up to the definition of the aMU-RRi with city preserving legislation and its regional adaptations and that will help the formation of the new urban paradigm, based on the social function of property rights that we have been given for the joint and integrated urban preservation of what we call, the city.

scholarly journals The Role of Technological Structures in the Formation of Agglomerations

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Grigory V. Mazaev ◽  
Anton G. Mazaev ◽  
Elena Y. Verkhovikh
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Central Planning ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
The City

The article on the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and a number of other industrial cities of the Middle Urals shows the role and influence of the technological structures of different generations on the formation of the planning structure of large and largest industrial cities. The development of Ekaterinburg's planning has been shown, since the 18th century, the process of the formation of agglomeration around it since the 30s of the XX century has been considered. The article also considered the agglomeration effect, which develops in the planning of industrial cities when they create enterprises of III and IV technoLogicaL structures. Under his action, the planning system of the "city-agglomeration" is formed, as a specific form of development of the largest city. The authors for the first time proposed this new concept in urban planning theory, which makes it possible to characterize the development of a spatially distributed city with a set of reLativeLy isoLated parts, which in this particuLar case is manifested through the so-called system of socialist cities. The role of these socialist cities in the formation of a "city- agglomeration" is considered, the phenomenon of local self­identification of their inhabitants is shown, which consider their isolated region as a territorial entity existing separately from the central planning area, which is identified by the inhabitants of the "metropolitan city" with the notion of "city". The phenomenon of the withdrawal of industrial sites mainly from the central planning zones of the largest industrial cities is considered. The conditions for the development of the agglomeration effect for thelargest cities are determined, this effect was classified in the Scheme of the appearance of agglomeration effect in city planning. The final conclusion is made that the phenomenon of formation of a "city-agglomeration" should be taken into account in the development of master plans of industrial cities as a potential opportunity for the development of their planning structures, which affects the development of transport and social infrastructures.

An English Paradise to Regain? Ebenezer Howard, the Town and Country Planning Association and English Ruralism

Rural History ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Heathorn
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Country Planning

Although not a figure now widely known, Sir Ebenezer Howard has had a profound influence on British and, indirectly, on European and American urban planners. The historian Robert Fishman noted in 1978 that while Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright had become legendary as visionary architects and urban planners, Howard, probably more influential in the evolution of urban planning than either of them, has remained relatively obscure. Howard, like his more famous contemporaries, has always been characterized as Utopian by some because he imagined that city planning could aid in the creation of an entirely new society. For Howard, this society was to be one in which social divisions would be eliminated and the standards of living of all citizens would be raised through participatory social democracy organized at the city level. Howard attempted to realize this new society through building experimental communities to serve as models to be emulated elsewhere.

scholarly journals Cinema. O conforto de viajar sem sair do sítio, através do presente, do desejo e da memória

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Carrola Morato
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

ResumoEste texto-viagem baseia-se na reciprocidade entre cidade e cinema, e a consequente operatividade disciplinar. Percorrendo o discurso reinventado e recentrado sobre a cidade - de Le Corbusier a Aldo Rossi, e a prática cinematográfica seja na criação de cidades que não existem seja na crítica à cidade moderna - de Jean-Luc Godard a Pedro Costa, esta viagem deixa em aberto a multiplicidade de leituras da cidade e das suas formas que o cinema desenha, testando a força ideológica das imagens que arquivamos na memória, e recupera o carácter fragmentário ou de continuidade da Montagem, como auxiliar operativo na síntese entre Cidade do Desejo e Cidade da Memória, para um possível desenho urbano em jeito Collage, afirmando o seu carácter de potencial transformador e refundador de parte da própria cidade.AbstractThis text-journey is based on the reciprocity between city and cinema, and its consequent disciplinary engagment. Drawing on the reinvented and recentered discourse of the city - from Le Corbusier to Aldo Rossi, and on the cinematographic practice whether  in the creation of cities that do not exist or in the criticism of the modern city – from Jean-Luc Godard to Pedro Costa, this journey - drawn by cinema - leaves the multiplicity of readings of the city and its forms open. As an operative support in the synthesis between City of Desire and City of Memory, and towards a possible urban design in a Collage Way, this journey,  by stressing part of the city´s transforming and refounding potential character, also tests the ideological strengh of images that we keep in memory and retrieves the fragmentary or continuity nature of Montage.

scholarly journals A Study of Islamic and Arab Markets' Role in Revitalizing Urban Spaces

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yasser Lotfy ◽  
Abdullah Soliman ◽  
Alaa Mandour
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

<p>Market places have occupied a major role in most cities around the world, being a site for more than just economic interactions, but rather a cultivating agent for social and cultural growth. The Arab and Islamic cities have a proud history of market places, most of the times being the main core of the city, with urban development encompassing it, and till the present day market places are in the heart of most communities. The <em>modern city </em>brought with it a devaluing of the traditional market places, making it a tourist attraction as in the case of <em>"khan el Khalil",</em>or leaving it to rust like <em>"bab el louq" </em>market. Those markets while playing a big role historically, <em>modern city planning </em>moved the services and markets into other form, thus becoming less important, abandoned, or even demolished at cases.</p><p>The issue at hand deals with how the contemporary urban planning affected market places, with emphasis on <em>closed markets</em> (Bab el-louk)which can be said to be the successor of the ancient <em>Bazaar </em>or <em>Wekala</em>.  Bal el-Louk market was once in the heart of Cairo and vital part of its community life, but now the market after more than a 100 years, is in ruins, but hope is not yet all lost, since the market can still be revived and revitalized.</p><p>To tackle this issue a combination of <em>comparative and field studies </em>must occur. On the one hand, comparative studies with <em>markets </em>in the US or closed markets in European cities such as Paris or Copenhagen would be done to find the necessary elements and goals that would make those markets vital, and the necessary steps to revitalize our own forgotten markets. The other study would have to deal with the current condition of bab el louk market in Cairo, finding out the reason behind its demise, the owners and users feedback on said market, and the opportunities for change.</p><p>With the results of the studies, general recommendations would be made for the <em>revitalization </em>of the Egyptian marketplaces, using an urban framework that would lead to those markets be available for costumers again and back to playing their major cultural and social rule.</p>

scholarly journals Autopia: Notes on Banham’s Visionary Metropolis

2016 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Alexander Eisenschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Entire Region ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Post War ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Reyner Banham

In 1959 Reyner Banham challenged zoned urbanism by combining the Situationist psychogeographic drift with his love for Los Angeles. His essay “City as Scrambled Egg” (Banham, 1959) effectively produced a new urban image and introduced a new outlook on postwar modernization, communication, and leisure. The radicalization of contemporary life resonated in images of the city as decentralized, free, and in motion. While Le Corbusier had compared the city to an egg with demarcating zones and boundaries, Banham argued that motorization and telecommunications had long scrambled the city; “I don’t just mean in Los Angeles. A large part of the population of Europe already lives conurbatively” (Banham, 1959, p. 21). The entire region between Amsterdam and Rotterdam was already one conurbanized arena, effectively formulating an early definition of the megalopolis.Unlike CIAM’s city of the urban core with designated outskirts, thecenter was now seen to be everywhere. For Banham, this was theterrain of contemporary urbanization that needed to be understoodby holding prejudgments at bay and instead doing, what he called,“leg-work on the territory” (Banham, 1959, p. 21). But, as his ongoing fascinations with Futurism and post-war technologies revealed, this departure from modernist imagery of the city was not a disregard of modernist urban utopias but a way to rework these ideas towards a new kind of visionary; one that is less about forecasting the new and, instead, is contingent on a new optical vision of the existing city. A key site for his development of a different way of seeing the modernized urban world was the city of Los Angeles and particularly its traffic, which he called “Autopia.”

Ernest Weissmann’s “World City”

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199
Author(s):  
Ines Tolic
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
World City ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City

On July 26, 1963, the city of Skopje was struck by a powerful earthquake which left behind almost nothing but ruins. Financially precarious, technically unprepared and politically non-aligned, the Yugoslav government needed neutral, long-term and specialized technical assistance if the Macedonian capital was to be rebuilt. Thanks to mediation of Ernest Weissmann, an architect of Croatian origins and a un officer at ecosoc, the United Nations joined in the reconstruction on October 14, 1963, and, in the following years, some of the most renowned contemporary architects and urban planners were invited to present their vision for the New Skopje. According to Weissmann, the city was to became nothing less than a “world city,” providing solutions to the contemporary “urban crisis,” prescribing a cure for “sick cities,” and showing the way for the “humanization” of the built environment. Even though mostly unattained, these ambitious goals gave birth to an international debate about the future of both cities and city planning, which was decisive for the definition of the un’s later interventions. The goal of this paper is to deal with Skopje’s reconstruction, highlighting Ernest Weissmann’s role in it, and to describe the city as a node of knowledge within a network of specialists in urban matters established by the United Nations during and – most of all – in spite of the Cold War context.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL PATRIMONY IN THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE VOISIN PLAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Real Model ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

The “Plan Voisin” for Paris dated 1925, is one of the most notorious urban projects by Le Corbusier. In it he implements his first real model of the modern city: “The city of Three Million Inhabitants”, drawn for the Autumn Exhibit on 1922. Both projects have a close and direct relation. While one proposes a theoretical model, the other develops how to implement it in the center of Paris. Therefore, both projects can be understood as the same approach but in two different moments. In Le Corbusier’s books, the graphical representation of the projects reflect this, although the documents tend to contradict it. In his “Œuvre complète”, for example, the number of images differs for each case. While the project “The city of three million Inhabitants” is represented by a generous amount of drawings and plans (around 20 images), the “Plan Voisin” adds up to a maximum of five specific images. In the book “Urbanisme” the proportion is of images is similar. This This is a cause of scarce comprehension of the plan for Paris. The article focuses on the graphical documentation in “Plan Voisin”, its difference with the theoretical model and an analysis of its implementation. Principally, the article studies the relation between the new buildings with with those that remains, revealing Le Corbusier’s criteria towards architectural heritage and the importance he gives to some urban complexes in Paris.

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