FDD LTE MIMO CLOSED-LOOP VS OPEN-LOOP PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN COMMERCIAL NETWORK

With a growing network traffic Mobile Network Operators (MNO) looking for ways to increase network capacity and improve customer experience. One of the ways is to find the best parameters from the set defined by 3GPP. In the study, closed-loop MIMO was compared to open-loop MIMO on the LTE FDD network. Network performance was evaluated in 3 different scenarios: slow and fast-moving UE under different SINR levels and large scale on 2T2R and 4T4R cells. The result shows gains of using closed-loop and it is recommended to use it commercial LTE networks.

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Optimizing operation of a large-scale pumped storage hydropower system coordinated with wind farm by means of genetic algorithms

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002978 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithms ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Open Loop ◽

Energy Output ◽

Reservoir System ◽

Pumped Storage

<p>Due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of wind and other renewable energy sources, their integration into electricity systems requires large-scale and flexible storage systems to ensure uninterrupted power supply and to reduce the percentage of produced energy that is discarded or curtailed. Storage of large quantities of electricity in the form of dynamic energy of water masses by means of coupled reservoirs has been globally recognized as a mature, competitive and reliable technology; it is particularly useful in countries with mountainous terrain, such as Greece. Its application may increase the total energy output (and profit) of coupled wind-hydroelectric systems, without affecting the availability of water resources. Optimization of such renewable energy systems is a very complex, multi-dimensional, non-linear, multi modal, nonconvex and dynamic problem, as the reservoirs, besides hydroelectric power generation, serve many other objectives such as water supply, irrigation and flood mitigation. Moreover, their function should observe constraints such as environmental flow. In this paper we developed a combined simulation and optimization model to maximize the total benefits by integrating wind energy production into a pumped-storage multi-reservoir system, operating either in closed-loop or in open-loop mode. In this process, we have used genetic algorithms as the optimization tool. Our results show that when the operation of the reservoir system is coordinated with the wind farm, the hydroelectricity generation decreases drastically, but the total economical revenue of the system increases by 7.02% when operating in closed-loop and by 7.16% when operating in open-loop mode. We conclude that the hydro-wind coordination can achieve high wind energy penetration to the electricity grid, resulting in increase of the total benefits of the system. Moreover, the open-loop pumped-storage multi-reservoir system seems to have better performance, ability and flexibility to absorb the wind energy decreasing to a lesser extent the hydroelectricity generation, than the closed-loop.</p>

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System-Level Design Considerations for Carbon Nanotube Electromechanical Resonators

Journal of Sensors ◽

10.1155/2013/384643 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Christian Kauth ◽

Marc Pastre ◽

Jean-Michel Sallese ◽

Maher Kayal

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Large Scale ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Systems Design ◽

Open Loop ◽

System Level ◽

Time Averaging ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Mechanical Sensors

Despite an evermore complete plethora of complex domain-specific semiempirical models, no succinct recipe for large-scale carbon nanotube electromechanical systems design has been formulated. To combine the benefits of these highly sensitive miniaturized mechanical sensors with the vast functionalities available in electronics, we identify a reduced key parameter set of carbon nanotube properties, nanoelectromechanical system design, and operation that steers the sensor’s performance towards system applications, based on open- and closed-loop topologies. Suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes are reviewed in terms of their electromechanical properties with the objective of evaluating orders of magnitude of the electrical actuation and detection mechanisms. Open-loop time-averaging and 1ωor 2ωmixing methods are completed by a new 4ωactuation and detection technique. A discussion on their extension to closed-loop topologies and system applications concludes the analysis, covering signal-to-noise ratio, and the capability to spectrally isolate the motional information from parasitical feedthrough by contemporary electronic read-out techniques.

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FRAMEWORK FOR MODELLING MOBILE NETWORK QUALITY OF EXPERIENCE THROUGH BIG DATA ANALYTICS APPROACH

Journal of Information and Communication Technology ◽

10.32890/jict2018.17.1.8246 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ayisat Wuraola Yusuf-Asaju ◽

Zulkhairi Md. Dahalin ◽

Azman Ta’a

Keyword(s):

User Experience ◽

Data Analytics ◽

Network Performance ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Quality Of Experience ◽

Big Data Analytics ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Mobile Network Operators

The increase in the usage of different mobile internet applications can cause deterioration in the mobile network performance. Such deterioration often declines the performance of the mobile network services that can influence the mobile Internet user’s experience, which can make the internet users switch between different mobile network operators to get good user experience. In this case, the success of mobile network operators primarily depends on the ability to ensure good quality of experience (QoE), which is a measure of users’ perceived quality of mobile Internet service. Traditionally, QoE is usually examined in laboratory experiments to enable a fixed contextual factor among the participants even though the results derived from these laboratory experiments presented an estimated mean opinion score representing perceived QoE. The use of user experience dataset involving time and location gathered from the mobile network traffic for modelling perceived QoE is still limited in the literature. The mobile Internet user experience dataset involving the time and location constituted in the mobile network can be used by the mobile network operators to make data-driven decisions to deal with disruptions observed in the network performance and provide an optimal solution based on the insights derived from the user experience data. Therefore, this paper proposed a framework for modelling mobile network QoE using the big data analytics approach. The proposed framework describes the process of estimating or predicting perceived QoE based on the datasets obtained or gathered from the mobile network to enable the mobile network operators effectively to manage the network performance and provide the users a satisfactory mobile Internet QoE.

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Mobile Data Offloading for Streaming-Class Traffic with QoS Guarantee

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking ◽

10.4018/ijitn.2015100103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 26-42

Author(s):

Anusree Ajith ◽

T. G. Venkatesh

Keyword(s):

Mobile Network ◽

Network Capacity ◽

Live Streaming ◽

Data Traffic ◽

Mobile Data ◽

Qos Guarantee ◽

Real Time Traffic ◽

Video And Audio ◽

Mobile Network Operators ◽

Mobile Data Offloading

Faced with the tremendous increase in the amount of data traffic and associated congestion, mobile network operators are moving towards Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), in the process of expanding network capacity. Offloading data traffic onto Wi-Fi in order to avoid congestion in the backbone is an important step in the evolution of HetNets. On-the-spot and delayed offloading have been widely studied in the literature. This paper proposes an offloading algorithm which has low computational complexity. The proposed algorithm offloads data based on a balking function which is dependent on present network condition. Using extensive simulations, the authors demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves reduction in mean transmission delay without sacrificing much on the offloading efficiency. This technique is more efficient and applicable to real-time traffic, like live streaming video and audio, which has short and stringent delay requirements or deadlines.

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Performance comparison between open-loop and closed-loop uplink power control in UTRAN LTE networks

Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Connecting the World Wirelessly - IWCMC '09 ◽

10.1145/1582379.1582688 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert Müllner ◽

Carsten F. Ball ◽

Kolio Ivanov ◽

Johann Lienhart ◽

Peter Hric

Keyword(s):

Power Control ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Open Loop ◽

Lte Networks ◽

Uplink Power Control

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Predicting the Quality of Service Experienced By the Users Based on the Measurement History of the Network

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b6703.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 2286-2290

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Network Performance ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Mobile Internet ◽

Mobile Phone Network ◽

History Of ◽

Set Up ◽

Mobile Network Operators ◽

Internet Company

Growing from one generation to the following, wireless networks have frequently been enhancing their efficiency in various methods and also for varied purposes. The increase in the usage of different mobile phone world broad web functions may result in degeneration in the mobile network performance. Such destruction often drops the efficiency of the mobile network solutions that can influence the mobile World broad web consumer's experience, which can create the world wide web individuals switch between different mobile network operators to get excellent customer experience. In this particular situation, the effectiveness of mobile phone network operators primarily relies on the capability to make a certain top quality of experience (QoE), which is a procedure of consumers' identified quality of mobile Internet company. The goal is actually to exploit the information made by and already accessible in the network to appropriately release, set up, and optimize network nodules.

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Intrusion detection and avoidance of black and grey hole attacks using AODV protocol based MANET

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i1.2.9020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1.2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Uzma Shaikh ◽

Arokia Paul Rajan

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Network ◽

Large Scale ◽

Network Performance ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Malicious Nodes ◽

Aodv Protocol ◽

Distance Vector ◽

Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a mobile network which has a large scale of self-directed nodes which is powerful to form a short-term means of communication network, without any use of prior communications. Due to its uniqueness like partial resources, varying loops and shortfall of controlling the networks, these networks are exposed to diverse network layer issues. The “Ad hoc on demand distance vector” is a self-starting directing procedure whose security is compromised with the distinct form of attack named as “Black-Hole” and “Grey Hole” attacks. This “malicious node” publicize as such, it contains the supreme track to the target during the route discovery process and thus interrupt the real communication and corrupt network performance. This paper introduces a new method in which a base node is introduced in the network that increases the probability of detecting multiple malicious nodes in the network and further separate them from taking part in any communication. It detects the corrupted nodes and prevent it by causing an effect for the communication. The proposed method has been experimented using NS2 and the results found to be efficient.

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Extending 5G Capacity Planning Through Advanced Subscriber Behavior-Centric Clustering

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8121385 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

Gonçalves ◽

Sebastião ◽

Souto ◽

Correia

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Capacity Planning ◽

Data Science ◽

Planning Process ◽

Network Planning ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Network Capacity ◽

5G Networks ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Mobile Network Operators

This work focuses on providing enhanced capacity planning and resource management for 5G networks through bridging data science concepts with usual network planning processes. For this purpose, we propose using a subscriber-centric clustering approach, based on subscribers’ behavior, leading to the concept of intelligent 5G networks, ultimately resulting in relevant advantages and improvements to the cellular planning process. Such advanced data-science-related techniques provide powerful insights into subscribers’ characteristics that can be extremely useful for mobile network operators. We demonstrate the advantages of using such techniques, focusing on the particular case of subscribers’ behavior, which has not yet been the subject of relevant studies. In this sense, we extend previously developed work, contributing further by showing that by applying advanced clustering, two new behavioral clusters appear, whose traffic generation and capacity demand profiles are very relevant for network planning and resource management and, therefore, should be taken into account by mobile network operators. As far as we are aware, for network, capacity, and resource management planning processes, it is the first time that such groups have been considered. We also contribute by demonstrating that there are extensive advantages for both operators and subscribers by performing advanced subscriber clustering and analytics.

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Cooperative Smartphone Relay Selection Based on Fair Power Utilization for Network Coverage Extension

Information ◽

10.3390/info10120381 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Naumana Ayub ◽

Veselin Rakocevic

Keyword(s):

Mobile Devices ◽

Relay Selection ◽

Network Performance ◽

Mobile Network ◽

Network Capacity ◽

Communication Strategy ◽

Similar Data ◽

Network Coverage ◽

Network Access ◽

Battery Power

This paper presents a relay selection algorithm based on fair battery power utilization for extending mobile network coverage and capacity by using a cooperative communication strategy where mobile devices can be utilized as relays. Cooperation improves the network performance for mobile terminals, either by providing access to out-of-range devices or by facilitating multi-path network access to connected devices. In this work, we assume that all mobile devices can benefit from using other mobile devices as relays and investigate the fairness of relay selection algorithms. We point out that signal strength based relay selection inevitably leads to unfair relay selection and devise a new algorithm that is based on fair utilization of power resources on mobile devices. We call this algorithm Credit based Fair Relay Selection (CF-RS) and in this paper show through simulation that the algorithm results in fair battery power utilization, while providing similar data rates compared with traditional approaches. We then extend the solution to demonstrate that adding incentives for relay operation adds clear value for mobile devices in the case they require relay service. Typically, mobile devices represent self-interested users who are reluctant to cooperate with other network users, mainly due to the cost in terms of power and network capacity. In this paper, we present an incentive based solution which provides clear mutual benefit for mobile devices and demonstrate this benefit in the simulation of symmetric and asymmetric network topologies. The CF-RS algorithm achieves the same performance in terms of achievable data rate, Jain’s fairness index and utility of end devices in both symmetric and asymmetric network configurations.

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