scholarly journals Reproducing the UVJ Color Distribution of Star-forming Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 with a Geometric Model of Dust Attenuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 922 (2) ◽  
pp. L32
Author(s):  
Leah D. Zuckerman ◽  
Sirio Belli ◽  
Joel Leja ◽  
Sandro Tacchella
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Model ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Color Distribution ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
Dust Attenuation ◽  
Star Formation Histories ◽  
Attenuation Values

Abstract We analyze the distribution of rest-frame U − V and V − J colors for star-forming galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5. Using stellar population synthesis, stochastic star formation histories, and a simple prescription for the dust attenuation that accounts for the shape and inclination of galaxies, we construct a model for the distribution of galaxy colors. With only two free parameters, this model is able to reproduce the observed galaxy colors as a function of redshift and stellar mass remarkably well. Our analysis suggests that the wide range of dust attenuation values measured for star-forming galaxies at a given redshift and stellar mass is almost entirely due to the effect of inclination; if all galaxies at a given stellar mass were observed edge-on, they would show very similar dust attenuation. This result has important implications for the interpretation of dust attenuation measurements, the treatment of UV and IR luminosity, and the comparison between numerical simulations and observations.

scholarly journals A redshift-dependent IRX–β dust attenuation relation for TNG50 galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 497 (4) ◽  
pp. 4773-4794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schulz ◽  
Gergö Popping ◽  
Annalisa Pillepich ◽  
Dylan Nelson ◽  
Mark Vogelsberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Main Sequence ◽  
Infrared Excess ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Dust Composition ◽  
Metal Ratio ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Dust Attenuation ◽  
Star Formation Histories

ABSTRACT We study the relation between the UV slope, β, and the ratio between the infrared- and UV luminosities (IRX) of galaxies from TNG50, the latest installment of the IllustrisTNG galaxy formation simulations. We select 7280 star-forming main-sequence (SFMS) galaxies with stellar mass ≥109 M⊙ at redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 4 and perform radiative transfer with skirt to model effects of interstellar medium dust on the emitted stellar light. Assuming a Milky Way dust type and a dust-to-metal ratio of 0.3, we find that TNG50 SFMS galaxies generally agree with observationally derived IRX–β relations at z ≲ 1. However, we find a redshift-dependent systematic offset with respect to empirically derived local relations, with the TNG50 IRX–β relation shifting towards lower β and steepening at higher redshifts. This is partially driven by variations in the dust-uncorrected UV slope of galaxies, due to different star formation histories of galaxies selected at different cosmic epochs; we suggest the remainder of the effect is caused by differences in the effective dust attenuation curves of galaxies as a function of redshift. We find a typical galaxy-to-galaxy variation of 0.3 dex in infrared excess (IRX) at fixed β, correlated with intrinsic galaxy properties: galaxies with higher star formation rates, star formation efficiencies, gas metallicities and stellar masses exhibit larger IRX values. We demonstrate a degeneracy between stellar age, dust geometry, and dust composition: z = 4 galaxies with a Small Magellanic Cloud dust type follow the same IRX–β relation as low-redshift galaxies with MW dust. We provide a redshift-dependent fitting function for the IRX–β relation for MW dust based on our models.

scholarly journals Resolved maps of stellar mass and SED of galaxies from optical/NIR imaging and SPS models

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S262) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Zibetti ◽  
Stéphane Charlot ◽  
Hans-Walter Rix
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
The Galaxy

AbstractWe report on the method developed by Zibetti, Charlot & Rix (2009) to construct resolved stellar mass maps of galaxies from optical and NIR imaging. Accurate pixel-by-pixel colour information (specifically g – i and i – H) is converted into stellar mass-to-light ratios with typical accuracy of 30%, based on median likelihoods derived from a Monte Carlo library of 50,000 stellar population synthesis models that include dust and updated TP-AGB phase prescriptions. Hence, surface mass densities are computed. In a pilot study, we analyze 9 galaxies spanning a broad range of morphologies. Among the main results, we find that: i) galaxies appear much smoother in stellar mass maps than at any optical or NIR wavelength; ii) total stellar mass estimates based on unresolved photometry are biased low with respect to the integral of resolved stellar mass maps, by up to 40%, due to dust obscured regions being under-represented in global colours; iii) within a galaxy, on local scales colours correlate with surface stellar mass density; iv) the slope and tightness of this correlation reflect/depend on the morphology of the galaxy.

scholarly journals The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Self-regulation of Star formation at kpc scales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Barrera-Ballesteros ◽  
S F Sánchez ◽  
T Heckman ◽  
T Wong ◽  
A Bolatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Stellar Masses

Abstract The processes that regulate star formation are essential to understand how galaxies evolve. We present the relation between star formation rate density, ΣSFR , and hydrostatic midplane pressure, Ph , for 4260 star-forming regions of kpc size located in 96 galaxies included in the EDGE-CALIFA survey covering a wide range of stellar masses and morphologies. We find that these two parameters are tightly correlated, showing a smaller scatter in comparison to other star-forming relations. A power-law, with a slightly sub-linear index, is a good representation of this relation. Its residuals show a significant anti-correlation with both stellar age and metallicity whereas the total stellar mass may also play a secondary role in shaping the ΣSFR - Ph relation. For actively star-forming regions we find that the effective feedback momentum per unit stellar mass (p*/m*), measured from the Ph/ΣSFR ratio increases with Ph. The median value of this ratio for all the sampled regions is larger than the expected momentum just from supernovae explosions. Morphology of the galaxies, including bars, does not seem to have a significant impact in the ΣSFR - Ph relation. Our analysis indicates that local ΣSFR self-regulation comes mainly from momentum injection to the interstellar medium from supernovae explosions. However, other mechanisms in disk galaxies may also play a significant role in shaping the ΣSFR at kpc scales. Our results also suggest that Ph is the main parameter that modulates star formation at kpc scales, rather than individual components of the baryonic mass.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet spectra of extreme nearby star-forming regions: Evidence for an overabundance of very massive stars

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (4) ◽  
pp. 6112-6135
Author(s):  
Peter Senchyna ◽  
Daniel P Stark ◽  
Stéphane Charlot ◽  
Jacopo Chevallard ◽  
Gustavo Bruzual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Wind ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Stellar Populations ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Nearby Star ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
Stellar Masses

ABSTRACT As deep spectroscopic campaigns extend to higher redshifts and lower stellar masses, the interpretation of galaxy spectra depends increasingly upon models for very young stellar populations. Here we present new HST/COS ultraviolet spectroscopy of seven nearby (&lt;120 Mpc) star-forming regions hosting very young stellar populations (∼4–20 Myr) with optical Wolf–Rayet stellar wind signatures, ideal laboratories in which to benchmark these stellar models. We detect nebular C iii] in all seven, but at equivalent widths uniformly &lt;10 Å. This suggests that even for very young stellar populations, the highest equivalent width C iii] emission at ≥15 Å is reserved for inefficiently cooled gas at metallicities at or below that of the SMC. The spectra also reveal strong C iv P-Cygni profiles and broad He ii emission formed in the winds of massive stars, including some of the most prominent He ii stellar wind lines ever detected in integrated spectra. We find that the latest stellar population synthesis prescriptions with improved treatment of massive stars nearly reproduce the entire range of stellar He ii wind strengths observed here. However, we find that these models cannot simultaneously match the strongest wind features alongside the optical nebular line constraints. This discrepancy can be naturally explained by an overabundance of very massive stars produced by a high incidence of binary mass transfer and mergers occurring on short ≲10 Myr time-scales, suggesting these processes may be crucial for understanding systems dominated by young stars both nearby and in the early Universe.

scholarly journals No missing photons for reionization: moderate ionizing photon escape fractions from the FIRE-2 simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 2001-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangcheng Ma ◽  
Eliot Quataert ◽  
Andrew Wetzel ◽  
Philip F Hopkins ◽  
Claude-André Faucher-Giguère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Fraction ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Single Star ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Sample Average ◽  
Dense Shell ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Dust Attenuation

ABSTRACT We present the escape fraction of hydrogen ionizing photons (fesc) from a sample of 34 high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxies at z ≥ 5 in the Feedback in Realistic Environments project, post-processed with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for ionizing radiation. Our sample consists of 8500 haloes in Mvir ∼ 108–$10^{12}\, M_{\odot }$ (M* ∼ 104–$10^{10}\, M_{\odot }$) at z = 5–12. We find the sample average 〈fesc〉increases with halo mass for Mvir ∼ 108–$10^{9.5}\, M_{\odot }$, becomes nearly constant for 109.5–$10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$, and decreases at ${\gtrsim}10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. Equivalently, 〈fesc〉 increases with stellar mass up to $M_{\ast }\sim 10^8\, M_{\odot }$ and decreases at higher masses. Even applying single-star stellar population synthesis models, we find a moderate 〈fesc〉 ∼ 0.2 for galaxies at $M_{\ast }\sim 10^8\, M_{\odot }$. Nearly half of the escaped ionizing photons come from stars 1–3 Myr old and the rest from stars 3–10 Myr old. Binaries only have a modest effect, boosting 〈fesc〉 by ∼25–35 per cent and the number of escaped photons by 60–80 per cent. Most leaked ionizing photons are from vigorously star-forming regions that usually contain a feedback-driven kpc-scale superbubble surrounded by a dense shell. The shell is forming stars while accelerated, so new stars formed earlier in the shell are already inside the shell. Young stars in the bubble and near the edge of the shell can fully ionize some low-column-density paths pre-cleared by feedback, allowing a large fraction of their ionizing photons to escape. The decrease of 〈fesc〉 at the high-mass end is due to dust attenuation, while at the low-mass end, 〈fesc〉 decreases owing to inefficient star formation and hence feedback. At fixed mass, 〈fesc〉 tends to increase with redshift. Although the absolute 〈fesc〉does not fully converge with resolution in our simulations, the mass- and redshift-dependence of 〈fesc〉 is likely robust. Our simulations produce sufficient ionizing photons for cosmic reionization.

scholarly journals GOODS-Herschel: Dust attenuation up to z∼4

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S292) ◽  
pp. 289-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pannella ◽  
D. Elbaz ◽  
E. Daddi
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Galaxy Sample ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Dust Attenuation

AbstractWe quantitatively explore in a unbiased way the evolution of dust attenuation up to z ≈ 4 as a function of galaxy properties. We have used one of the deepest datasets available at present, in the GOODS-N field, to select a star forming galaxy sample and robustly measure galaxy redshifts, star formation rates, stellar masses and UV restframe properties. Our main results can be summarized as follows: i) we confirm that galaxy stellar mass is a main driver of UV dust attenuation in star forming galaxies: more massive galaxies are more dust attenuated than less massive ones; ii) strikingly, we find that the correlation does not evolve with redshift: the amount of dust attenuation is the same at all cosmic epochs for a fixed stellar mass; iii) this finding explains why and how the SFR–AUV relation evolves with redshift: the same amount of star formation is less attenuated at higher redshift because it is hosted in less massive galaxies; iv) combining our finding with results from line emission surveys, we confirm that line reddening is larger than continuum reddening, at least up to z ≈ 1.5; v) given the redshift evolution of the mass-metallicity relation, we predict that star forming galaxies at a fixed metal content are more attenuated at high redshift. Finally, we explored the correlation between UV dust attenuation and the spectral slope: vi) the correlation is evolving with redshift with star forming galaxies at lower redshift having redder spectra than higher redshift ones for the same amount of dust attenuation.

scholarly journals The build-up of the outskirts of distant star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (S321) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Tacchella ◽  
C. Marcella Carollo ◽  
Avishai Dekel ◽  
Natascha Förster Schreiber ◽  
Alvio Renzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Mass Star ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Massive Galaxies ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Formation Activity ◽  
Dust Attenuation ◽  
Inside Out

AbstractIn order to constrain – and understand – the growth of galaxies, we present a sample of ~ 30 galaxies at z ~ 2 with resolved distribution of stellar mass, star-formation rate, and dust attenuation on scales of ~ 1 kpc. We find that low- and intermediate-mass galaxies grow self-similarly, doubling their stellar mass in the centers and outskirts with the same pace. More massive galaxies (~ 1011 M⊙) have a reduced star-formation activity in their center: they grow mostly in the outskirts (inside-out quenching / formation). Similar trends are find in cosmological zoom-in simulations, highlighting that high stellar mass densities are formed in a gas-rich compaction phase. This nuclear ‘starburst’ phase is followed by a suppressed star-formation activity in the center, resulting in growth of the outskirts. All in all, we put forward that we witness at z ~ 2 the dissipative formation of z = 0 M* early-type galaxies.

scholarly journals Stellar Population Synthesis of Star-forming Clumps in Galaxy Pairs and Non-interacting Spiral Galaxies

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Zaragoza-Cardiel ◽  
Beverly J. Smith ◽  
Margarita Rosado ◽  
John E. Beckman ◽  
Theodoros Bitsakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis

scholarly journals Quantifying correlations between galaxy emission lines and stellar continua using a PCA-based technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S306) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Róbert Beck ◽  
László Dobos ◽  
István Csabai
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Stellar Population ◽  
Active Galaxies ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Stellar Population Synthesis ◽  
Empirical Curve

AbstractWe analyse the correlations between continuum properties and emission line equivalent widths of star-forming and narrow-line active galaxies from SDSS. We show that emission line strengths can be predicted reasonably well from PCA coefficients of the stellar continuum using local multiple linear regression. Since upcoming sky surveys will make broadband observations only, theoretical modelling of spectra will be essential to estimate physical properties of galaxies. Combined with stellar population synthesis models, our technique will help generate more accurate model spectra and mock catalogues of galaxies to be used to fit data from new surveys. We also show that, by combining PCA coefficients from the pure continuum and the emission lines, a plausible distinction can be made between weak AGNs and quiescent star-forming galaxies. Our method uses a support vector machine, and allows a more refined separation of active and star-forming galaxies than the empirical curve of Kauffmann et al. (2003).

scholarly journals The cumulative star formation histories of dwarf galaxies with TNG50. I: environment-driven diversity and connection to quenching

2021 ◽  
Vol 508 (2) ◽  
pp. 1652-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gandhali D Joshi ◽  
Annalisa Pillepich ◽  
Dylan Nelson ◽  
Elad Zinger ◽  
Federico Marinacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Mass Assembly ◽  
Star Formation Histories ◽  
Vast Range

ABSTRACT We present the cumulative star formation histories (SFHs) of &gt;15 000 dwarf galaxies ($M_{\rm *}=10^{7-10}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) simulated with the TNG50 run of the IllustrisTNG suite across a vast range of environments. The key factors that determine the dwarfs’ SFHs are their central/satellite status and stellar mass, with centrals and more massive dwarfs assembling their stellar mass at later times, on average, compared to satellites and lower mass dwarfs. Satellites (in hosts of mass $M_{\rm 200c, host}=10^{12-14.3}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) assembled 90 per cent of their stellar mass ${\sim}7.0_{-5.5}^{+3.3}$ Gyr ago, on average and within the 10th to 90th percentiles, while the centrals did so only ${\sim}1.0_{-0.5}^{+4.0}$ Gyr ago. TNG50 predicts a large diversity in SFHs, so that individual dwarfs can have significantly different cumulative SFHs compared to the stacked median SFHs. Satellite dwarfs with the highest stellar mass to host cluster mass ratios have the latest stellar mass assembly. Conversely, satellites at fixed stellar and host halo mass found closer to the cluster centre or accreted at earlier times show significantly earlier stellar mass assembly. These trends and the shapes of the SFHs themselves are a manifestation of the varying proportions within a given subsample of quenched versus star-forming galaxies, which exhibit markedly distinct SFH shapes. Finally, satellite dwarfs in the most massive hosts have higher SFRs at early times, well before accretion into their z = 0 host, compared to a control sample of centrals mass-matched at the time of accretion. This is the result of the satellites being preprocessed in smaller hosts prior to accretion. Our findings are useful theoretical predictions for comparison to future resolved stellar population observations.

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