Recent Trends in the Turkish Labor Market

Abstract: Labor market literature attests that men tend to earn more than women in similar occupations in Brazil and elsewhere. However, some recent trends that have occurred in Brazil promote the narrowing of gender gaps in the labor market. This paper analyzes this issue empirically with the use of PNADs, Mincerian wage equations, and a hierarchical model based on the Age-Period-Cohort approach. We observed that gender wage gaps were shrinking and, although there might still be an unexplained advantage for men in the labor market, the evolution of women's endowments for the labor market and the decrease in labor market segregation significantly compensated for this difference. Due to these trends, after controlling for cohort differences, we observed non-significant gender wage gaps in some models.

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Recent Trends in U.S. Earnings Inequality by Gender

Journal of Income Distribution ◽

10.25071/1874-6322.1268 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Joyce P. Jacobsen

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Labor Market ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Household Income ◽

Earnings Inequality ◽

Theil Index ◽

Inequality Measures ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Per Capita ◽

Women's Earnings

This paper presents an overview of recent trends in U.S. earnings inequality with a focus on gender differences. Data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses are used. Earnings and per capita household income inequality measures have risen from 1980 to 2000, both overall and among women and men separately. Theil index decompositions illustrate that within-gender inequality is rising. Simulations that treat women “more like men” in the labor market raise women’s earnings relative to men but also have the effect of increasing within-gender inequality for women.

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Low Wages and Lousy Jobs

The Ethics of Capitalism ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190096205.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106-129

Author(s):

Daniel Halliday ◽

John Thrasher

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Paid Work ◽

Executive Pay ◽

Human Flourishing ◽

Unskilled Workers ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Low Wages

This chapter addresses some principal questions about labor market justice. Some of these are old concerns about the persistence of poverty due to the forces that keep wages low among unskilled workers. This leads to worries about exploitation. It will also examine the concern, most often associated with Marx, that much paid work is of a character that is detrimental to human flourishing, or serves to “alienate” workers from their labor. The focus then moves to more recent trends, such as the rise in executive pay and other aspects of “labor market polarization.” These motivate some discussion of whether it’s unjust for a few people to earn so much more than everyone else.

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The Italian Labor Market: Recent Trends, Institutions, and Reform Options

IMF Working Papers ◽

10.5089/9781451871951.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 09 (47) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Martin Schindler ◽

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Recent Trends

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Is remote working here to stay? Lessons and ideas for a post-pandemic future

Sinappsi ◽

10.53223/sinappsi_2021-02-2 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-49

Author(s):

Armanda Cetrulo

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Collective Bargaining ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Health Security ◽

Socioeconomic Gaps ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Unemployment And Health ◽

The Impact

The article studies the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the labor market for what concerns the diffusion of remote working in Italy. First, it shows how working remotely represents a possibility for a minority of the workforce. Then, it discusses the presence of structural socioeconomic gaps between those who can and cannot work remotely in terms of income, unemployment, and health security at work. Finally, it addresses the issue of poor regulation on remote working by offering an overview of the national regulatory framework and describing recent trends in collective bargaining.

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The School-to-Work Transition: A Cross-National Perspective

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.39.1.34 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 34-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 331

Author(s):

Paul Ryan

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

The United States ◽

School To Work ◽

Youth Outcomes ◽

Youth Education ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Work Transition ◽

Recent Trends ◽

National Perspective ◽

Labor Market Programs

School-to-work patterns and issues are discussed for seven economies (France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The emphasis is placed on differences across countries in the current labor market position of young people and recent trends therein, along with the institutions that regulate youth education, training, and employment. The power of public policies—including labor market deregulation, labor market programs, vocationalization of education, and apprenticeship—to improve youth outcomes is discussed, drawing on national evaluation literatures. Evidence of extensive policy failure points up the need to develop nationally appropriate institutions to improve school-to-work transitions.

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Wage Growth Puzzle and Capacity Utilization

Applied Economics and Finance ◽

10.11114/aef.v6i2.3985 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Arto Kovanen

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Capacity Utilization ◽

Wage Growth ◽

The United States ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Strategic Decision ◽

Output Gap ◽

Price Inflation ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Tight Labor Market

Wage growth and consumer price inflation in the United States remain weak, despite robust labor market and a healthy economy. This has been a conundrum for policymakers and economists alike, albeit it is not without parallels. In this paper, we analyze recent trends in the labor market. We point out that a number of indicators are providing mixed signals about the tight labor market, including wage growth that has remained muted, vacancy duration rates that have stayed remarkable stable in certain sectors, and the rate of capacity utilization, which is cyclically low and out of sync with other measures of resource utilization (e.g., output gap and unemployment rate). This leads us to conclude that there could be other forces that explain these phenomena. In this paper, we focus on capacity utilization and contend that low capacity utilization rates are the outcome of strategic decision-making by corporations, rather than inefficient demand, which permits firms to manage their resources more effectively. It seems to be particularly important when economic and policy uncertainties are elevated, such as in the post-financial crisis environment. More flexible use of capacity has implications not only for the labor market, but also for investments. Understanding capacity utilization would contribute to monetary policy formulation when the signal coming from the rate of capacity utilization is not consistent with those coming from the labor market and the output gap. This points to the need to continue monitor a broad range of indicators to avoid potential policy errors.

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