Identification and genotyping of the etiological agent of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Ethiopia

Background: In Ethiopia, little has been done to assess how Mycobacterium bovis has contributed to human tuberculosis, though the population routinely consumes unpasteurized milk and raw meat. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis as etiological agents of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN). Methods: Patients with lymphadenopathy (n = 171) were included in a cross-sectional study at Butajira Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Lymph node biopsies were cultured. Patients’ HIV status was identified. DNA from positive cultures was tested by PCR to identify M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Isolates were genotyped by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. Results: Among 171 patients, 156 had culture results. Of these, 107 (69%) were positive for M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Six of the 10 HIV-positive patients were culture positive. M. tuberculosis specific sequences were identified in the DNA of each of 100 samples as assessed by RD10 targeted PCR, and each of the 95 isolates exhibited the M. tuberculosis specific TbD1 deletion by MLPA analysis. No M. bovis was identified. These results indicate that all the isolates were modern M. tuberculosis strains. Furthermore, MLPA studies confirmed that 42% of the isolates showed the Haarlem genotype and 12% displayed sequences compatible with INH resistance. No mutations conferring resistance to ethambutol or rifampicin were detected. Conclusions: Our data showed that M. tuberculosis strains had common characteristics with strains causing pulmonary TB, which appears to be the main etiological agent of TBLN.

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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN FNAC SMEAR , ZN STAINED SMEAR & HIV STATUS IN CLINICALLY SUSPECTED CASES OF LYMPH NODE TUBERCULOSIS IN URBAN EASTERN INDIA

10.36106/paripex/8107895 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-62

Author(s):

Susmita Nag ◽

Abantika Konar ◽

Sumitra Basuthakur

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Needle Aspiration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽

Pulmonary Medicine ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Caseation Necrosis

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is the commonest form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple outpatient diagnostic procedure used in the diagnosis of TBL and all stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). AIM & OBJECTIVE: To correlate different cytomorphologies of FNAC smears and presence or absence of Acid fast bacilli (AFB) in the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stained smear prepared from the same aspirate. Association of HIV infection are also to be evaluated. METHOD: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at department of pathology in collaboration with department of pulmonary medicine, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata from January 2015 to June 2016.It included 305 cases with enlarged palpable lymph nodes. FNAC done; aspirated smears were stained with papanicolaou, Leishman-Giemsa and ZN stains. HIV status were also noted. RESULTS: 251 aspirates were reported on cytomorphology as suggestive of TBL with 117 (47.01 %) AFB positivity in ZN stained smears. Cervical lymph node were most commonly involved site (86.84 %) and females (63.75%) were affected more than males (36.25%).Most cases of AFB positive smears were associated with caseation necrosis only (71.8 %). 17 (6.77 %) out of 251 cases were co infected with HIV. CONCLUSION: Special stains should be done in all suspected cases of TB lymphadenitis and most common cytomorphology associated with AFB positivity is caseation necrosis without granuloma. Also it can be concluded that TB/HIV co infection is not predominant in India.

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Sex differences and HIV status of tuberculosis in adults at a rural hospital in southern Ethiopia: an 18-year retrospective cross-sectional study

African Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ahs.v20i2.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

José M Ramos ◽

Belén Comeche ◽

Abraham Tesfamariam ◽

Francisco Reyes ◽

Gebre Tiziano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural Ethiopia ◽

Low Weight ◽

Keywords Tuberculosis

Background. The aim of the study was to compare the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of tuberculosis (TB), including HIV status, in women and men in southern rural Ethiopia. Methods. We conducted a register-based retrospective cohort study covering the period from September 1998 to August 2015. Results. We included records of 2252 registered TB patients: 1080 (48%) women and 1172 (52%) men. Median age was similar for women and men: 27.5 years and 25.0 years, respectively. Median weight in women was 43.0 kg (interquartile range IQR: 38.0, 49.0), significantly lower than in men (50.0 kg, IQR 44.0, 55.0; p = 0.01). Extrapulmonary TB was significantly more common in women than in men (34.1% versus 28.7%; p=0.006). Treatment outcomes were similar in both sexes: in 70.3% of women and 68.9% of men, TB mortality was slightly lower in women than men (4.7% vs. 6.5%; p=0.08). In patients with TB, female sex was independently associated with low weight (adjusted aOR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.90, 0.92), less mortality (aOR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.36, 0.81), and lymph node TB (aOR: 1.57; 95% CI 1.13, 2.19) Conclusion. Lymph node TB was more common in women. Treatment outcomes were similar in both sexes, but women had a lower mortality rate. Keywords: Tuberculosis; tuberculosis, lymph node; female; women; sex; gender; Ethiopia.

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Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women on follow-up at Gondar town health institutions, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03529-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leul Belachew Zewdu ◽

Mebratu Mitiku Reta ◽

Niguse Yigzaw ◽

Koku Sisay Tamirat

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gondar Town ◽

Perinatal Women ◽

Significant Factors

Abstract Background Suicidal behaviors cover a range or continuum of acts from suicidal ideations to a series of actions, commonly known as suicidal attempts or deliberate self-harms. Though different mental disorders related studies were conducted among HIV/AIDS patients, there is a scarcity of information about the magnitude and determinants of suicidal thoughts among perinatal women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among HIV positive perinatal women in the study setting. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among perinatal women on treatment to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS at Gondar town health facilities. A total of 422 HIV-positive perinatal women were selected systematically and the data collected through medical record review and interview using a Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) toolkit. A binary and multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with suicidal ideation. An Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was computed to see the strength of association between outcome and independent variables. Characteristics having less than 0.05 p-value had been taken as significant factors associated with the outcome of interest. Result The prevalence of suicidal ideation was found to be 8.2% (95% CI; 5.7 to 11.3) and with a standard error of 0.013. Perinatal depression (AOR=4.40, 95%CI: 1.63 11.85), not disclosed HIV status (AOR=3.73, 95%CI: 1.44 9.65), and unplanned pregnancy (AOR=2.75, 95%CI: 1.21 6.21) were significant factors associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusion The magnitude of suicidal ideation among HIV positive perinatal women was found to be low. Perinatal depression, non-disclosed HIV status, and unplanned pregnancy were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This finding suggests the integration of mental health services with maternal and HIV support programs.

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Epidemiology of needlestick injuries among health-care workers in Awassa City, Southern Ethiopia

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1258/td.2009.090191 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 111-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Moges Tadesse ◽

Takele Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Needlestick Injury ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Needlestick Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Workers

Accidental needlestick injuries sustained by health-care workers are a common occupational hazard and a public health issue in health-care settings. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and 30.9% of health-care workers had experienced at least one needlestick injury in the previous year.

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Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Lactating Women: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/4367145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hailu Bekele ◽

Gebi Husein Jima ◽

Ashenafi Habtamu Regesu

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Household Food ◽

Delivery Place

Background. Undernutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems that affect both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, it is one of the factors leading to unacceptable high morbidity and mortality among women. However, little is documented on undernutrition among lactating women particularly in such a purely pastoral community. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women living in pastoral community of Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a random sampled 545 lactating women using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Height and weight measurements of the study participants were also taken to compute body mass index. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage were computed to describe characteristics of the sample. Multivariable analysis was carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios, and its 95% confidence interval and P value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study showed that prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was 17.7%. Dietary diversity (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.43–4.36), monthly income (AOR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.40–19.40), extra meal taking (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.43–5.29, delivery place (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.24–5.65), and household food insecurity (AOR = 6.57, 95% CI: 3.50–12.34) were independent variables showing statistically significant association with undernutrition of lactating women. Conclusion and recommendations. The study revealed that magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was high. Dietary diversity, monthly income, extra meal, delivery place, and household food insecurity were found to be predictor of undernutrition. Finally, we recommend that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should organize timely interventions targeting lactating women.

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