scholarly journals CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN FNAC SMEAR , ZN STAINED SMEAR & HIV STATUS IN CLINICALLY SUSPECTED CASES OF LYMPH NODE TUBERCULOSIS IN URBAN EASTERN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Susmita Nag ◽  
Abantika Konar ◽  
Sumitra Basuthakur
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Caseation Necrosis

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) is the commonest form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple outpatient diagnostic procedure used in the diagnosis of TBL and all stages of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). AIM & OBJECTIVE: To correlate different cytomorphologies of FNAC smears and presence or absence of Acid fast bacilli (AFB) in the Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stained smear prepared from the same aspirate. Association of HIV infection are also to be evaluated. METHOD: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at department of pathology in collaboration with department of pulmonary medicine, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata from January 2015 to June 2016.It included 305 cases with enlarged palpable lymph nodes. FNAC done; aspirated smears were stained with papanicolaou, Leishman-Giemsa and ZN stains. HIV status were also noted. RESULTS: 251 aspirates were reported on cytomorphology as suggestive of TBL with 117 (47.01 %) AFB positivity in ZN stained smears. Cervical lymph node were most commonly involved site (86.84 %) and females (63.75%) were affected more than males (36.25%).Most cases of AFB positive smears were associated with caseation necrosis only (71.8 %). 17 (6.77 %) out of 251 cases were co infected with HIV. CONCLUSION: Special stains should be done in all suspected cases of TB lymphadenitis and most common cytomorphology associated with AFB positivity is caseation necrosis without granuloma. Also it can be concluded that TB/HIV co infection is not predominant in India.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical Study of Rabbit-Polyclonal to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, AB905: Improving Diagnostic of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Humairah Medina Liza Lubis ◽  
Emni Purwoningsih ◽  
Ance Roslina ◽  
Muhammad Al Anas
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, the optimal diagnosis using Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or excisional biopsy is uncertain. This research aims to improve the diagnostic of TBLN with FNAC and immunocytochemistry (ICC) compared to the response to antituberculosis therapy. The cross-sectional study involved 43 patients with the criteria for TBLN diagnosis based on the appropriate clinical history of tuberculosis and indicative cytological results. Immunocytochemical examination employed rabbit-polyclonal to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antibody (AB905). The MTB expression was found in 35 out of 43 cases (81%) that appropriate cytological features of the tuberculosis process. Meanwhile, eight out of 43 cases (19%) did not express MTB. Diagnostic tests for lesions with a positive cytologic appearance of TBLN and ICC were compared to the response to anti-tuberculosis therapy, revealing the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 95.2%, 75%, 95.2%, and 17%, respectively. Besides, Fisher's exact tests utilized to identify the relationship between two variables; p 0.05 was considered significant. This research found immunocytochemical study was a sensitive and specific tool for improving the diagnostic of TBLN.

scholarly journals FNAC of Lymph Node - A Valuable Clue to Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107
Author(s):  
Wasim Selimul Haque ◽  
Shamoli Yasmin ◽  
SK Md Jaynul Islam ◽  
Ishtyaq Ahmed ◽  
Sowkat Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Hyperplasia

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is now a days the initial investigation in most cases of superficial lymphadenopathy. In clinical practice both clinicians and cytopathologists are not commonly suspecting of Toxoplasma lymphadenitis (TL), though it may constitute a significant proportion of unexplained lymphadenitis. Careful cognizance of cytological findings can give valuable clue to the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis which can be confirmed by serological evidence.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Histopathology of Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Bangladesh from 01 July 2017 to 31 March 2018. FNAC smears of the patients with lymphadenopathy who reported for FNAC were examined and suspicion of toxoplasmosis was made on coexistence of abundance of ‘tingible body macrophages’ (TBM) and follicular center cells (FCC), small collections of epithelioid histiocytes and absence of necrosis and/or more than occasional giant cells. Serum enzyme linked immunosorbent sorbent assay (ELISA) for Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibody was then performed in all cases that deemed suspicious for toxoplasmosis for confirmation of the diagnosis.Results: Total 925 patients were examined by FNAC of lymph node. Among them 574 were categorized as reactive hyperplasia (RH). Thirty two patients (5.74%) of RH were suspected as TL and included in the study. Serum ELISA confirmed toxoplasmosis in 22 (68.75%, twelve male and ten female) of these 32 cases. One among the positive cases revealed bradyzoites of Toxoplasma in the smear. The age of the patients diagnosed finally as TL spanned between 5 to 47 years (mean 28.59±11.51 years) though most frequent age group was 26 Yr to 35 Yr (7 cases- 31.8%).Conclusion: A high index of suspicion of TL can be made on careful study of smears of FNAC of enlarged lymph node, diagnosis of which can then be confirmed by ELISA.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(2): 103-107

scholarly journals The use of inappropriate anal douching tool associates with increased HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xing Chu ◽  
Guangquan Shen ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex. Methods Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection. Results A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%, 25/307) before sex. The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD, practicing RD before sex, the interaction between RD and CRAI using a shower hose for RD and other risk factors, practicing RD after sex, CRAI, using nitrite inhalants, main sexual role with males as bottom and syphilis infection. Conclusions RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools use (such as shower hose), the interaction effect between RD and CRAI associated with HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM. We recommend that further studies should be conducted to understand the detailed mechanism between RD and increased HIV prevalence.

scholarly journals Histopathological Features of Lymph Nodes of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis Patients: Experience of 50 cases in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Huda ◽  
Mohammad Taufiq ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Mohammad Rezwanur Rahman ◽  
Ferdousy Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Fresh Specimen ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Patients Experience

Background: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is common manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in Bangladesh. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the histopathological features of tuberculous lymphadenitis patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was done at the Department of Pathology at Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2009 to March 2011 for a period of nearly two years. All the patients irrespective of age and sex with the clinical features suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis and later on proved to be the same histologically were selected for the study purposively. Relevant information was recorded in a prescribed data sheet and histomorphological findings were recorded accordingly. In cases where fresh specimen was available, caseous portion of lymph node was sent for culture. FiteFaraco staining was also done on lymph node sections in all cases. Result: A total number of 50 tuberculous lymphadenitis patients were recruited for this study of which well formed granuloma was detected in 34(68.0%) cases followed by ill defined and combination of well and ill defined which were 8(16.0%) cases in each. Among 34 well defined cases coalescing and discrete were found in 6(17.6%) cases in each. However, both types were found in 22(64.7%) cases.Conclusion: In conclusion well formed granuloma is most commonly found in tuberculous lymphadenitis with combined variety of coalescing and discrete histopathologic featuresBangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(2):40-42

scholarly journals The utility of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 472-480
Author(s):  
Dr. Annu Elizabeth Prakash ◽  
◽  
Dr. Navya Narayanano ◽  
Dr. Siyad Pokkakillath Mohamed ◽  
Dr. Rasmi Unnikrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Introduction: The causes of lymphadenopathy may be varied ranging from reactive to neoplastic.Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology(FNAC) is a simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool to sample cellsfrom superficial and accessible sites. Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the utility of FNACin evaluating lymphadenopathy and to study the cytomorphological spectrum of lymph node lesionsin our region. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study of two years duration, on patients withlymphadenopathy who came to the Pathology Department for FNAC. Methods and materials:Cytology findings of Lymph node lesions were classified into four categories and were compared withhistopathology diagnosis as the gold standard. Statistical Analysis: Data was tabulated accordingto various parameters. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and Diagnostic accuracy for detectingmalignancy were calculated. Results: The age range of patients included in the present studyranged from 9 to – 78 years. The mean age is 48.92 years and the median is 52 years. Thecytological diagnosis was classified as reactive in 20 cases (32.7%), inflammatory in 16 cases(26.2%), lymphoma in 3 cases (4.9%), and 22 cases (36.1%) were metastasis from other sites.Following histopathology, the cases were diagnosed to be 19 reactive lymphadenopathies, 14inflammatory lesions, 5 lymphomas, and 23 metastasis. The most common site of lymphadenopathywas the cervical region. Conclusions: FNAC has high sensitivity and specificity in differentiatingbenign lesions from malignant ones. The age, clinical findings, and supporting investigations shouldbe taken into account while diagnosing a lesion as benign or malignant.

scholarly journals The use of inappropriate anal douching tool associates with increased HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhenXing Chu ◽  
Guangquan Shen ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is correlated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex.Methods: Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%, 25/307) before sex. The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-5.5), practicing RD before sex (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2–4.3), practicing RD after sex (AOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0–3.1), using a shower hose for RD (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–13.0), CRAI (AOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.5), and an interaction effect of RD and CRAI (AOR = 4.2; 95 % CI, 2.2- 8.1) in the most recent anal intercourse.Conclusions: RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools use (such as shower hose), the interaction effect between RD and CRAI associated with HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM. We recommend that cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the causal relationship between RD and acquiring HIV.

scholarly journals Identification and genotyping of the etiological agent of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demissew Beyene ◽  
Indra Bergval ◽  
Elena Hailu ◽  
Senait Ashenafi ◽  
Lawrence Yamuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Specific Sequences ◽  
Dependent Probe

Background: In Ethiopia, little has been done to assess how Mycobacterium bovis has contributed to human tuberculosis, though the population routinely consumes unpasteurized milk and raw meat. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis as etiological agents of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN). Methods: Patients with lymphadenopathy (n = 171) were included in a cross-sectional study at Butajira Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Lymph node biopsies were cultured. Patients’ HIV status was identified. DNA from positive cultures was tested by PCR to identify M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Isolates were genotyped by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. Results: Among 171 patients, 156 had culture results. Of these, 107 (69%) were positive for M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Six of the 10 HIV-positive patients were culture positive. M. tuberculosis specific sequences were identified in the DNA of each of 100 samples as assessed by RD10 targeted PCR, and each of the 95 isolates exhibited the M. tuberculosis specific TbD1 deletion by MLPA analysis. No M. bovis was identified. These results indicate that all the isolates were modern M. tuberculosis strains. Furthermore, MLPA studies confirmed that 42% of the isolates showed the Haarlem genotype and 12% displayed sequences compatible with INH resistance. No mutations conferring resistance to ethambutol or rifampicin were detected. Conclusions: Our data showed that M. tuberculosis strains had common characteristics with strains causing pulmonary TB, which appears to be the main etiological agent of TBLN.

scholarly journals Disseminated lymph node tuberculosis after splenectomy: an unusual case report in an adolescent

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moxin Cheng ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lymph Node Tuberculosis

Abstract Background Splenectomized patients are at an increased risk for overwhelming post-splenectomy infections typically with encapsulated bacteria. The clinical association between splenectomy and lymph-node tuberculosis is unclear. Case presentation We describe a rare case of disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis in an 18-year-old woman with history of splenectomy because of hereditary sherocytosis. She was admitted with enlargement of bilateral-cervical and left-axillary lymph nodes and fever. A diagnosis of probable tuberculosis was made based on the findings of fine-needle aspiration. Histology showed granulomas and extensive caseous necrosis, with the site of puncture located at an enlarged lymph node on the right side. The diagnosis was confirmed via nucleic-acid amplification tests following excisional biopsy of the left axillary lymph node. Disseminated tuberculous lymphadenitis was localized in the bilateral neck, right lung hilum, left sub-axillary region, and mediastinum, as detected from contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck. Conclusions Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection should be considered in children and adolescents with extensive enlargement of lymph nodes after splenectomy.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF VALIDITY OF FNACAND ZIEHL–NEELSEN STAINS IN DIAGNOSING CERVICAL TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-3) ◽  
pp. S484-86
Author(s):  
Aisha Qaiser ◽  
Muhammad Babar Sohail Niazi ◽  
Zaheer Ul Hassan ◽  
Shahid Farroq Khattak ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture

Objective: To compare the validity of FNAC & ZN staining in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis taking mycobacterial culture as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pathology department, Fauji Foundation Hospital Peshawar, from Oct 2019 to Sep 2020. Methodology: This study includes 100 patients with enlarged cervical lymph nodes who presented as outdoor patients. After routine baseline & radiological investigations, FNAC & ZN staining was carried out, followed by mycobacterial culture. Results: FNAC of tuberculous patients was positive in 56 (56%) patients while 24 (24%) patients revealed posi-tive mycobacterial culture. Inpatients with positive culture, 77 (77%) were FNAC positive and 23 (23%) were negative on cytology. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration is more sensitive & specific test than Ziehl-Neelsen staining.

scholarly journals The use of inappropriate anal douching tool associates with increased HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenyang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhenXing Chu ◽  
Guangquan Shen ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Rectal douching (RD) is widely practiced by men who have sex with men (MSM), and is associated with increased risk of HIV infection. However, the mechanism of how RD increases the risk of HIV infection is not well understood, and there is limited data on RD behavior in MSM practicing anal sex in China. We examine the purpose of RD, its timing in relation to anal sex, the types of RD products used, and risky sexual behaviors among MSM reporting anal sex.Methods: Between August 2017 and December 2018, a cross-sectional study was conducted among adult MSM in Shenyang, China. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviors, and RD for the most recent sexual intercourse by means of interviewer-administered face-to-face questionnaires. Blood samples were collected to test for antibodies to HIV and syphilis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 515 eligible MSM participated in this survey (median age: 31 years). During the most recent anal intercourse, 28.3% (146/515) had condomless receptive anal intercourse (CRAI), 21.4% (110/515) practiced serosorting, and more than half (61.6%, 317/515) reported RD before or after anal sex. Of those practicing RD, 96.8% (307/317) conducted RD before sex, while 62.5% (198/317) conducted RD after sex. The douching devices used were primarily shower hoses (85.3%, 262/307), and relatively few MSM used commercial RD products (8.1%, 25/307) before sex. The prevalence of HIV-1 and syphilis was 11.7% and 13.2%, respectively. HIV infection was positively associated with RD, practicing RD before sex, the interaction between RD and CRAI using a shower hose for RD and other risk factors, practicing RD after sex, CRAI, using nitrite inhalants, main sexual role with males as bottom and syphilis infection.Conclusions: RD is popular among Chinese MSM. Improper noncommercial RD tools use (such as shower hose), the interaction effect between RD and CRAI associated with HIV infection. Public health workers and the MSM community should publicize scientific knowledge and prevention approaches relating to RD and HIV transmission to MSM. We recommend that further studies should be conducted to understand the detailed mechanism between RD and increased HIV prevalence.

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