scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B infection among individuals belonging to the aboriginal Nicobarese tribe of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
Subarna Roy ◽  
Attayur Purushothaman Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
The People ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Introduction: The long-lasting persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes in the liver (with or without detectable HBV DNA) of individuals with negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is termed occult HBV infection (OBI). The present study is a part of the follow up on efficacy of vaccination, 10 years post inception, and was designed to understand the prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI) among the aboriginal Nicobarese tribal community. Methodology: A total of 612 serum samples were collected and tested for various markers including HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and HBV DNA. Part of S gene of the extracted HBV DNA was amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products were then subjected to sequencing. Genotyping was performed on the basis of phylogenetic relationship along with representative reference sequences from different sub genotypes. Results: The study revealed OBI in 11.1% of the people belonging to the Nicobarese tribe. Phylogenetic analysis showed only one genotype, HBV/D circulating among the Nicobarese population with ayw3 was the major serotype detected. Single or multiple amino acids substitutions were found in 5 of 34 samples (14.7%) which includes I110T, P120T, P/T127I, A128P, M133L and G159V. Conclusions: The detection of OBI among these aboriginal tribes is of great concern and stresses the need for the continuous surveillance as it may contribute to the progression of liver disease to a more advanced stage.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B INFECTION IN IRANIAN CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud BAGHBANIAN ◽  
Mehdi HALVANI ◽  
Hassan Salman ROGHANI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan LOTFI ◽  
Mohammad Frahat YAZDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

ABSTRACT Background Occult hepatitis B infection is characterized by negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and also detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) -DNA, with or without hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). HBV reactivation in individuals under immunosuppressive therapy is critical, occurring in occult HBV. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of occult HBV infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative in cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy. Methods Sera from 204 cancer patients who were negative for HBsAg, were tested for anti-HBc antibodies. The samples that were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc also examined for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of the 204 HBsAg negative blood samples, 11 (5.4%) samples were positive for anti-HBc antibodies. HBV-DNA was detected in 9/11 (81%) of anti-HBc positive samples. Occult HBV infection in hematological cancers was more than solid cancers, 4.8% and 4.3% respectively. There was no significant difference in HBc antibody positivity based on vaccination, previous blood transfusions, history of familial hepatitis or biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin levels) (P>0.05). Conclusion Screening of occult HBV infection by HBsAg, HBV DNA and anti HB core antibody should be suggested as a routine investigation in cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Development of occult hepatitis B viral infection in pregnancy: implications for antenatal screening in women from endemic areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Philip Chang ◽  
Jeffrey Tu ◽  
Antony Chesterman ◽  
Robert Kim ◽  
Peter Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, manifest clinically by the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) in peripheral blood in individuals who test negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), may occur in various clinical contexts, including under the influence of pharmacological immunosuppression in patients from areas endemic for HBV and, hence, at risk of previous exposure. Pregnancy is a condition associated with immune suppression, but whether virus-specific immunity may be suppressed to an extent sufficient to allow occult HBV infection to develop is currently unknown. This is potentially relevant not only to the mother's health but also because vertical transmission has been reported in the occult HBV infection setting. We report a 30-year-old woman from a country endemic for HBV who, prior to pregnancy, was persistently HBsAg-negative with undetectable HBV DNA in peripheral blood, in whom HBV DNA became increasingly detectable during pregnancy, peaking in the third trimester, before returning to undetectable levels postpartum. HBsAg remained negative and liver function tests were normal throughout. Immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody, a marker of the possibility of acquisition of a new HBV infection, was also negative. The baby received immunization against HBV infection from birth and has remained HBV negative at six months. This report documents for the first time that occult HBV infection may develop during pregnancy. Further data are required regarding the prevalence of this phenomenon, predisposing factors, impact on maternal health and risk of vertical transmission so that implications for current antenatal screening strategies that do not include measurement of HBV DNA in peripheral blood can be properly determined.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B in Egyptian thalassemic children

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat Shaker ◽  
Amal Ahmed ◽  
Inas Abdel Satar ◽  
Hamza El Ahl ◽  
Wafaa Shousha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Introduction: Thalassemia is hereditary anemia which requires lifelong transfusion as treatment, and hepatitis viral infection is one of the risks of repeated transfusions. Hepatitis B outbreaks in health-care settings are still a serious public health concern worldwide. Blood samples negative for HBsAg but positive for HBV-DNA, with or without the presence of HBV antibodies, are classified as "occult" HBV infection (OBI). This study investigated the prevalence of occult HBV infection in Egyptian thalassemic children. Methodology:  Eighty patients admitted to the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospital, were involved in this prospective study. Strict inclusion criteria were set to nullify the effect of confounding variables and further minimize selection bias. The following laboratory investigations were performed: complete blood count (CBC); serum AST and ALT; albumin; bilirubin; HBsAg; HBeAg; HBcAb; HCV-RNA; and HBV-DNA. Results: All our patients had no clinical manifestation suggestive of hepatitis. Molecular biology studies revealed positivity for HCV and HBV at 25% and 32.5% respectively. Conclusion: The estimated risk of acquiring hepatitis B and C infection in children receiving multiple blood transfusions is surprisingly high. Moreover, occult hepatitis B infection is a considerably risk.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemodialysis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Nahid Samiei ◽  
Somayeh Shokri ◽  
Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽  
Manoochehr Makvandi ◽  
Heshmatollah Shahbazian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major public health impasse all over the world. Recently a new form of hepatitis B infection named Occult hepatitis B Infection (OBI) has appeared globally. The OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver and/or blood in the absence of detectable serum HBsAg with/without anti-HBc or anti-HBs. The prevalence of OBI has been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients in different regions of the world. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of OBI among HD patients. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 HD patients. These sera were checked for HBsAg, HBc-IgG assessment using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The DNA was extracted from the sera samples and tested for HBVDNA detection using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested PCR). The liver function tests including serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were carried out for all the HD individuals. 52/84(61.9%) of HD were males and 32/84 (38.1%) were females. The patient’s age ranged from 25 to 64 with a mean age of 52.4±15.2 years. HBsAg and HBc-IgG were detected in 1(1.1%) female. 2 (2.4%; a female and a male) patients were positive for HBsAg. 14/84 (16.7%; 6 female and 8 male) HD patients were positive for anti-HBc but negative for HBsAg, among them 4(28.6%; 2 female and 2 male) cases were positive for HBV DNA, indicating the presence of OBI in HD patients. Even distribution of OBI among the HD was found in 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female (P>.0.05). In the present study the moderate rate of 4.76% OBI has been observed in HD patients. The prevalence of seropositive OBI among the gender was 2(2.36%) male and 2(2.36%) female. The seronegative OBI have not been detected in the present study but requires further investigation. In this study the affliction of OBI in HD patients is not clear.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B: Clinical Viewpoint and Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zobeiri
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Routine Prophylaxis ◽  
Organ Donations

Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or in the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg-negative patients with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease. OBI can be both a source of virus contamination in blood and organ donations and the reservoir for full blown hepatitis after reactivation. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors but these associations have not been analyzed thoroughly. In OBI, it would be best to prevent HBV reactivation which inhibits the development of hepatitis and subsequent mortality. In diverse cases with insufficient data to recommend routine prophylaxis, early identification of virologic reactivation is essential to start antiviral therapy. For retrieving articles regarding OBI, various databases, including OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were used.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B infection among HIV infected individuals in Gabon: Occult hepatitis B enhances HBV DNA prevalence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0190592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berthold Bivigou-Mboumba ◽  
Marie Amougou-Atsama ◽  
Samira Zoa-Assoumou ◽  
Hervé M’boyis Kamdem ◽  
Guy Francis Nzengui-Nzengui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Detection of occult hepatitis B virus in patients undergoing chemotherapy in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paniz Shirmast ◽  
Mahdi Abedinzade Shahri ◽  
Salar Pashangzadeh ◽  
Hessam Mirshahabi ◽  
Elham Samadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Life Threatening

Aim: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is life threatening and has a high mortality rate despite applying antiviral treatments in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI in patients undergoing chemotherapy in Iran. Materials & methods: A total of 342 patients undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. OBI detection in anti-HBc positive individuals was conducted using nested-PCR. Results: Among 342 subjects, 103 (30.1%) were positive for anti-HBc. Fifteen (14.6%) cases of 103 anti-HBc positive samples were also positive for HBsAg. Overall, HBV DNA was positive in three (3.4%) of 88 anti-HBc subjects. Conclusion: Our results indicated that OBI might occur in almost one in 25 anti-HBc-positive patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Current Knowledge of Occult Hepatitis B Infection and Clinical Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Yip ◽  
Grace Wong
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Hbsag Seroclearance ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

AbstractOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a status of undetectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) yet detectable serum and/or intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Mutations in the preS1, preS2, and S regions of the HBsAg gene may result in undetectable HBsAg. OBI may either result from a self-limiting acute hepatitis, or in patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved HBsAg seroclearance, which refers to the loss of detectability of serum HBsAg with or without antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. HBsAg seroclearance contributes to a significant proportion of population in seropositive OBI. Both spontaneous and antiviral treatment-induced HBsAg seroclearance rarely happens; yet both types of HBsAg seroclearance are durable. CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance generally have a favorable clinical course. There is still a low yet definite risk of HCC occurrence, particularly in male CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance after being 50 years old. Clinical implications of OBI include occurrence of cirrhosis and HCC, liver transplantation, blood products transfusion, hemodialysis, and so on. A potentially life-threatening condition would be OBI reactivation in patients during immunosuppression therapy, especially in the setting of intensified immunosuppression including in onco-hematological patients (those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody [e.g., rituximab]). With more new insights into these two conditions, CHB patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance generally have benign clinical course and good prognosis. Sensitive assay for serum HBV DNA should be considered to establish the presence of OBI in the clinical settings mentioned earlier, which will affect the management plan.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B : A Hidden Threat

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
M Harun Or Rashid ◽  
M Abdul Alim ◽  
MMR Khan ◽  
I Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Basis Risk ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Dna Pcr

Occult hepatitis B (OHB) is defined as the presence of HBV-DNA in liver with or without detectable HBV DNA in serum in patients who are HBsAg negative in currently available assays. Diagnosis of occult HBV infections requires sensitive HBV-DNA PCR assay. Though reports of occult hepatitis B infections are coming from almost every corner of the world, the exact prevalence of this hidden menace is still not know. Several aspects of occult hepatitis B infection are still not resolved including its clinical significance relating to the molecular basis, risk of transmission, reactivation and progression to chronic liver disease. In this review article, we will try to explore the current concepts and clinical implications of occult hepatitis B virus infection. TAJ 2010; 23(1): 109-113

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