scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B INFECTION IN IRANIAN CANCER PATIENTS BEFORE CHEMOTHERAPY TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud BAGHBANIAN ◽  
Mehdi HALVANI ◽  
Hassan Salman ROGHANI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan LOTFI ◽  
Mohammad Frahat YAZDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

ABSTRACT Background Occult hepatitis B infection is characterized by negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and also detectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) -DNA, with or without hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). HBV reactivation in individuals under immunosuppressive therapy is critical, occurring in occult HBV. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of occult HBV infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative in cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy. Methods Sera from 204 cancer patients who were negative for HBsAg, were tested for anti-HBc antibodies. The samples that were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc also examined for HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Of the 204 HBsAg negative blood samples, 11 (5.4%) samples were positive for anti-HBc antibodies. HBV-DNA was detected in 9/11 (81%) of anti-HBc positive samples. Occult HBV infection in hematological cancers was more than solid cancers, 4.8% and 4.3% respectively. There was no significant difference in HBc antibody positivity based on vaccination, previous blood transfusions, history of familial hepatitis or biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total and direct bilirubin levels) (P>0.05). Conclusion Screening of occult HBV infection by HBsAg, HBV DNA and anti HB core antibody should be suggested as a routine investigation in cancer patients before receiving chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B infection among individuals belonging to the aboriginal Nicobarese tribe of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽  
Debdutta Bhattacharya ◽  
Subarna Roy ◽  
Attayur Purushothaman Sugunan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
The People ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Introduction: The long-lasting persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes in the liver (with or without detectable HBV DNA) of individuals with negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) is termed occult HBV infection (OBI). The present study is a part of the follow up on efficacy of vaccination, 10 years post inception, and was designed to understand the prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI) among the aboriginal Nicobarese tribal community. Methodology: A total of 612 serum samples were collected and tested for various markers including HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc and HBV DNA. Part of S gene of the extracted HBV DNA was amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products were then subjected to sequencing. Genotyping was performed on the basis of phylogenetic relationship along with representative reference sequences from different sub genotypes. Results: The study revealed OBI in 11.1% of the people belonging to the Nicobarese tribe. Phylogenetic analysis showed only one genotype, HBV/D circulating among the Nicobarese population with ayw3 was the major serotype detected. Single or multiple amino acids substitutions were found in 5 of 34 samples (14.7%) which includes I110T, P120T, P/T127I, A128P, M133L and G159V. Conclusions: The detection of OBI among these aboriginal tribes is of great concern and stresses the need for the continuous surveillance as it may contribute to the progression of liver disease to a more advanced stage.

scholarly journals Development of occult hepatitis B viral infection in pregnancy: implications for antenatal screening in women from endemic areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Philip Chang ◽  
Jeffrey Tu ◽  
Antony Chesterman ◽  
Robert Kim ◽  
Peter Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, manifest clinically by the presence of HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) in peripheral blood in individuals who test negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), may occur in various clinical contexts, including under the influence of pharmacological immunosuppression in patients from areas endemic for HBV and, hence, at risk of previous exposure. Pregnancy is a condition associated with immune suppression, but whether virus-specific immunity may be suppressed to an extent sufficient to allow occult HBV infection to develop is currently unknown. This is potentially relevant not only to the mother's health but also because vertical transmission has been reported in the occult HBV infection setting. We report a 30-year-old woman from a country endemic for HBV who, prior to pregnancy, was persistently HBsAg-negative with undetectable HBV DNA in peripheral blood, in whom HBV DNA became increasingly detectable during pregnancy, peaking in the third trimester, before returning to undetectable levels postpartum. HBsAg remained negative and liver function tests were normal throughout. Immunoglobulin M hepatitis B core antibody, a marker of the possibility of acquisition of a new HBV infection, was also negative. The baby received immunization against HBV infection from birth and has remained HBV negative at six months. This report documents for the first time that occult HBV infection may develop during pregnancy. Further data are required regarding the prevalence of this phenomenon, predisposing factors, impact on maternal health and risk of vertical transmission so that implications for current antenatal screening strategies that do not include measurement of HBV DNA in peripheral blood can be properly determined.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B in Egyptian thalassemic children

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat Shaker ◽  
Amal Ahmed ◽  
Inas Abdel Satar ◽  
Hamza El Ahl ◽  
Wafaa Shousha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Introduction: Thalassemia is hereditary anemia which requires lifelong transfusion as treatment, and hepatitis viral infection is one of the risks of repeated transfusions. Hepatitis B outbreaks in health-care settings are still a serious public health concern worldwide. Blood samples negative for HBsAg but positive for HBV-DNA, with or without the presence of HBV antibodies, are classified as "occult" HBV infection (OBI). This study investigated the prevalence of occult HBV infection in Egyptian thalassemic children. Methodology:  Eighty patients admitted to the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospital, were involved in this prospective study. Strict inclusion criteria were set to nullify the effect of confounding variables and further minimize selection bias. The following laboratory investigations were performed: complete blood count (CBC); serum AST and ALT; albumin; bilirubin; HBsAg; HBeAg; HBcAb; HCV-RNA; and HBV-DNA. Results: All our patients had no clinical manifestation suggestive of hepatitis. Molecular biology studies revealed positivity for HCV and HBV at 25% and 32.5% respectively. Conclusion: The estimated risk of acquiring hepatitis B and C infection in children receiving multiple blood transfusions is surprisingly high. Moreover, occult hepatitis B infection is a considerably risk.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B: Clinical Viewpoint and Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Zobeiri
Keyword(s):  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Routine Prophylaxis ◽  
Organ Donations

Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or in the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg-negative patients with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI seems to be higher among subjects at high risk for HBV infection and with liver disease. OBI can be both a source of virus contamination in blood and organ donations and the reservoir for full blown hepatitis after reactivation. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors but these associations have not been analyzed thoroughly. In OBI, it would be best to prevent HBV reactivation which inhibits the development of hepatitis and subsequent mortality. In diverse cases with insufficient data to recommend routine prophylaxis, early identification of virologic reactivation is essential to start antiviral therapy. For retrieving articles regarding OBI, various databases, including OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, were used.

Detection of occult hepatitis B virus in patients undergoing chemotherapy in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paniz Shirmast ◽  
Mahdi Abedinzade Shahri ◽  
Salar Pashangzadeh ◽  
Hessam Mirshahabi ◽  
Elham Samadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Life Threatening

Aim: Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is life threatening and has a high mortality rate despite applying antiviral treatments in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of OBI in patients undergoing chemotherapy in Iran. Materials & methods: A total of 342 patients undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. OBI detection in anti-HBc positive individuals was conducted using nested-PCR. Results: Among 342 subjects, 103 (30.1%) were positive for anti-HBc. Fifteen (14.6%) cases of 103 anti-HBc positive samples were also positive for HBsAg. Overall, HBV DNA was positive in three (3.4%) of 88 anti-HBc subjects. Conclusion: Our results indicated that OBI might occur in almost one in 25 anti-HBc-positive patients undergoing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Occult hepatitis B virus infection in a Kenyan cohort of HIV infected anti-retroviral therapy naïve adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244947
Author(s):  
Adil Salyani ◽  
Jasmit Shah ◽  
Rodney Adam ◽  
George Otieno ◽  
Evelyn Mbugua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Background Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a phase of HBV infection characterised by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). OBI is of concern in the HIV-infected due to high prevalence and risk of HBV reactivation. The prevalence and clinico-demographic characteristics of OBI in anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve HIV infected adults in Kenya is unknown. Methods A cross sectional study carried was out at three sites in Kenya. HIV infected ART naïve adults were enrolled and demographic data collected. Blood samples were assayed for HBsAg, HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Data on CD4 count, HIV viral load and platelet count were obtained from medical records. Results Of 208 patients, 199 (95.7%) did not report HBV vaccination, 196 (94.2%) were HBsAg negative, 119 (57.2%) had no HBV markers, 58 (27.9%) had previous HBV infection (anti-HBc positive) and 11 (5.3%) had OBI. All 11 (100%) OBI patients were anti-HBc positive. OBI patients comprised 19.0% of HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive patients. There was no difference in clinico-demographic characteristics between the overt HBV, OBI and HBV negative patients. Conclusion This was the first study on OBI in ART naïve HIV infected adults in Kenya. The lower OBI prevalence compared to other sub-Saharan African countries could be attributed to lower HBV exposure. Most patients were HBV unexposed and unimmunized, outlining the need to implement guideline recommended immunization strategies.

scholarly journals AntiHBc (total) as a Screening Assay for Safety of Donated Blood

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
MZ Rahman ◽  
MR Alam ◽  
S Parveen ◽  
DS Ahmed ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Donated Blood

Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood is diagnostic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In blood bank, screening .for HBsAg is carried out routinely to detect HBV infection. Despite this, transfusion-associated HBV infection still occurs due to presence of occult HBV infection. The aim of this study was to detection of occult HBV infection among the HBsAg negative/ Anti-HBc(total) positive donar. A total of 52 patients negative for HBsAg, but positive for Anti HBc(total) were included in this study, All the patients were then investigated for determination of Anti-HBs titre and HBV-DNA (PCR).Out of 52 patients, HBV DNA was detected in 16 patients(8.32%). Overall, 18 patients (9.36%) out of 52 were found positive for AntiHBs antibody. Among antiHBs positive patients, who are supposedly protected against HBV infection, 6 (33.33%) patients had detectable HBVDNA.In conclusion, a considerable number of HBV infected donars remain undiagnosed, if only HBsAg is used for screening. Addition of AntiHBc(total) testing for donar screening will definitely eliminate HBV infected blood donations and help in reducing HBV transmission with its potential consequences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i3.18958 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol.41(3): 42-44

scholarly journals High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Ivayla Gyurova ◽  
Lilliam Ambroggio ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative but hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA-positive infection—known as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)—occurs in 1% to >15% of HIV-positive individuals in the United States and South Africa, respectively. However, there are no data on OBI from Botswana, a country known to be hyperendemic for chronic HBV infection and to have a significant HIV burden. Methods Two hundred seventy-two adults enrolled in an HIV treatment study of tenofovir/emtricitabine as the nucleoside backbone who were previously determined to be HBsAg negative were tested for HBV DNA at baseline and 1 year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results HBV DNA was detected in 72 of 272 (26.5%). Six individuals (8.3%) had HBV DNA levels greater than 200 IU/mL, and the highest viral load was 3280 IU/mL. Of 65 participants with OBI evaluated at 12 months after initiating HAART, only 1 (1.5%) had detectable HBV DNA. Conclusions Occult HBV infection is quite common in HIV-infected patients in Botswana, although its impact on the course of HIV disease progression is unknown. The suppression of occult HBV DNA levels by tenofovir/emtricitabine suggests an effective therapeutic option, although the long-term suppressive abilities remain unstudied.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B virus infections among 135 haemodialysis patients attending a haemodialysis centre at Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslim Dhahr Musa ◽  
Hekmat Kadhum Ateya
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among haemodialysis (HD) patients has been well documented. In addition to overt infection, occult Hepatitis B infection exists in which a patient who is diagnosed seronegative for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) shows positive HBV-DNA on using more accurate molecular methods. This study aims to determine the prevalence of overt and occult HBV infection among the HD patients who had attended Al-Nasiriyah dialysis centre during a two-month period. Materials and Methods: Serological qualitative detection of HBsAg by rapid test (strips), enzyme immunoassay (EIA, HBsAg) and molecular (real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR)) was conducted for quantitative detection of HBV in HD patients’ serum. Results: The prevalence of overt HBV infection among HD patients was 3.7%. The viral load of HBV positive patients was ranging from 5.85 × 101 to 2.16 × 106 copies/ml of serum with median (7.4 × 105 copies/ml). Occult Hepatitis B was not detected in any of the seronegative HD patients (0%). Overt infection was found more in males (80%) than females (20%) (P<0.05). Similarly, infection was found to be higher among patients who had blood transfusions (80%) than those who had not (20%) with statistical significant p<0.05. Although not statistically significant, the mean duration of HD was higher among HBV positive HD patients (17.6) than HBV negative HD patients (14.3). A dual infection of HBV and HCV was not detected in this study. Conclusion: Nosocomial transmissions at HD centres and blood transfusion are important risk factors. Besides serological screening, real-time PCR offers a safeguard against the spread of overt and occult HBV infection and determines the viral load of the positive patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anti-HBc Antibodies among HBsAg Negative Individuals and Its Association with Occult Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Madhavan ◽  
Arun Sachu ◽  
Anu Kumar Balakrishnan ◽  
Sobha Balakrishnan ◽  
Jayalakshmi Vasudevapanicker
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv

Abstract Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an endemic in many Asian countries, and among the major routes of transmission, transfusion is the one that should be prevented. Occult HBV infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable HBsAg, with or without anti-HBV antibodies. The aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of anti-HBc total antibodies among the HB surface antigen (HBsAg) negative individuals by way of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and detect the presence of HBV DNA among the anti-HBc seropositives by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anti-HBs among the HBV DNA positives were also found out by enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA). Materials and Methods A total of 910 serum samples was subjected to initial screening for HBsAg by MERILISA HBsAg ELISA kits. The anti-HB core (HBc) total antibody titer was evaluated using MONOLISA ELISA (Biorad) kits. If found negative, the samples were discarded. If found positive, the samples underwent HBV DNA testing by nested PCR. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was calculated among the DNA positives by ELFA. Results A total of 133 samples were positive for anti-HBC total antibody, resulting in an overall prevalence of 14.6%. Overall prevalence of HBV DNA among the anti-HBc seropositives was 2.2%. Conclusion Among the three HBV DNA positive patients, two belonged to the preoperative screening group, which is an alarming situation. Screening of blood for HBsAg has reduced the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis, but HBV still remains the major source of transfusion transmitted infection in India.

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