Conflict of Interest in the Alcoholic Drinks Industry: How Much Alcohol Consumption Do "Unhealthy Drinkers" Account for in the United Kingdom, 2000-2001?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Baumberg
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks

scholarly journals Attitudes to Moonlighting Politicians: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Campbell ◽  
Philip Cowley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Real World ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
The Impact

AbstractResearch has explored the impact of politicians holding second jobs, or moonlighting, on their performance and recruitment, but less is known about how citizens respond to such behavior. Citizens may react negatively to Members of Parliament (MPs) moonlighting, viewing outside earnings as a conflict of interest or a distraction, or instead they might view MPs with second incomes positively, seeing them as a connection with the “real world” beyond politics. Utilizing a series of survey experiments, we assess how British citizens respond to MPs moonlighting. We demonstrate preferences more complex than those revealed by traditional survey instruments. Citizens respond to both size and source of income. They do not respond negatively to all second incomes; they are more sympathetic to the entrepreneur who continues to draw an income than medical doctors or lawyers who continue to practice. They are most hostile to politicians who take on part-time company directorships.

scholarly journals Engagement With a Behavior Change App for Alcohol Reduction: Data Visualization for Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/23369 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e23369
Author(s):  
Lauren Bell ◽  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Tianchen Qian ◽  
Olga Perski ◽  
Elizabeth Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Behavioral Engagement ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Over Time

Background Behavior change apps can develop iteratively, where the app evolves into a complex, dynamic, or personalized intervention through cycles of research, development, and implementation. Understanding how existing users engage with an app (eg, frequency, amount, depth, and duration of use) can help guide further incremental improvements. We aim to explore how simple visualizations can provide a good understanding of temporal patterns of engagement, as usage data are often longitudinal and rich. Objective This study aims to visualize behavioral engagement with Drink Less, a behavior change app to help reduce hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption in the general adult population of the United Kingdom. Methods We explored behavioral engagement among 19,233 existing users of Drink Less. Users were included in the sample if they were from the United Kingdom; were 18 years or older; were interested in reducing their alcohol consumption; had a baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score of 8 or above, indicative of excessive drinking; and had downloaded the app between May 17, 2017, and January 22, 2019 (615 days). Measures of when sessions begin, length of sessions, time to disengagement, and patterns of use were visualized with heat maps, timeline plots, k-modes clustering analyses, and Kaplan-Meier plots. Results The daily 11 AM notification is strongly associated with a change in engagement in the following hour; reduction in behavioral engagement over time, with 50.00% (9617/19,233) of users disengaging (defined as no use for 7 or more consecutive days) 22 days after download; identification of 3 distinct trajectories of use, namely engagers (4651/19,233, 24.18% of users), slow disengagers (3679/19,233, 19.13% of users), and fast disengagers (10,903/19,233, 56.68% of users); and limited depth of engagement with 85.076% (7,095,348/8,340,005) of screen views occurring within the Self-monitoring and Feedback module. In addition, a peak of both frequency and amount of time spent per session was observed in the evenings. Conclusions Visualizations play an important role in understanding engagement with behavior change apps. Here, we discuss how simple visualizations helped identify important patterns of engagement with Drink Less. Our visualizations of behavioral engagement suggest that the daily notification substantially impacts engagement. Furthermore, the visualizations suggest that a fixed notification policy can be effective for maintaining engagement for some users but ineffective for others. We conclude that optimizing the notification policy to target both effectiveness and engagement is a worthwhile investment. Our future goal is to both understand the causal effect of the notification on engagement and further optimize the notification policy within Drink Less by tailoring to contextual circumstances of individuals over time. Such tailoring will be informed from the findings of our micro-randomized trial (MRT), and these visualizations were useful in both gaining a better understanding of engagement and designing the MRT.

scholarly journals The potential impact of increased treatment rates for alcohol dependence in the United Kingdom in 2004

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Shield ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Maximilien X. Rehm ◽  
Gerrit Gmel ◽  
Colin Drummond
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Alcohol consumption has been linked to a considerable burden of disease in the United Kingdom (UK), with most of this burden due to heavy drinking and Alcohol Dependence (AD). However, AD is undertreated in the UK, with only 8% of those individuals with AD being treated in England and only 6% of those individuals with AD being treated in Scotland. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the deaths that would have been avoided in the UK in 2004 if the treatment rate for AD had been increased. Methods Data on the prevalence of AD, alcohol consumption, and mortality were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and the 2004 Global Burden of Disease study respectively. Data on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and Motivational Interviewing/Cognitive Behavioural Therapy were obtained from Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses. Simulations were used to model the number of deaths under different treatment scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were performed to model the effects of Brief Interventions and to examine the effect of using AD prevalence data obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Results In the UK, 320 female and 1,385 male deaths would have been avoided if treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment had been increased to 20%. This decrease in the number of deaths represents 7.9% of all alcohol-attributable deaths (7.0% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for women and 8.1% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for men). If we used lower AD prevalence rates obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, then treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment in hospitals for 20% of the population with AD would have resulted in the avoidance of 529 deaths in 2004 (99 deaths avoided for women and 430 deaths avoided for men). Conclusions Increasing AD treatment in the UK would have led to a large number of deaths being avoided in 2004. Increased AD treatment rates not only impact mortality but also impact upon the large burden of disability and morbidity attributable to AD, as well as the associated social and economic burdens.

scholarly journals The potential impact of increased treatment rates for alcohol dependence in the United Kingdom in 2004

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Shield ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Maximilien X. Rehm ◽  
Gerrit Gmel ◽  
Colin Drummond
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Alcohol consumption has been linked to a considerable burden of disease in the United Kingdom (UK), with most of this burden due to heavy drinking and Alcohol Dependence (AD). However, AD is undertreated in the UK, with only 8% of those individuals with AD being treated in England and only 6% of those individuals with AD being treated in Scotland. Thus, the objective of this paper is to quantify the deaths that would have been avoided in the UK in 2004 if the treatment rate for AD had been increased. Methods Data on the prevalence of AD, alcohol consumption, and mortality were obtained from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health, and the 2004 Global Burden of Disease study respectively. Data on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and Motivational Interviewing/Cognitive Behavioural Therapy were obtained from Cochrane reviews and meta-analyses. Simulations were used to model the number of deaths under different treatment scenarios. Sensitivity analyses were performed to model the effects of Brief Interventions and to examine the effect of using AD prevalence data obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Results In the UK, 320 female and 1,385 male deaths would have been avoided if treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment had been increased to 20%. This decrease in the number of deaths represents 7.9% of all alcohol-attributable deaths (7.0% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for women and 8.1% of all alcohol-attributable deaths for men). If we used lower AD prevalence rates obtained from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, then treatment coverage of pharmacological treatment in hospitals for 20% of the population with AD would have resulted in the avoidance of 529 deaths in 2004 (99 deaths avoided for women and 430 deaths avoided for men). Conclusions Increasing AD treatment in the UK would have led to a large number of deaths being avoided in 2004. Increased AD treatment rates not only impact mortality but also impact upon the large burden of disability and morbidity attributable to AD, as well as the associated social and economic burdens.

scholarly journals Health and socio-economic inequalities by sexual orientation among older women in the United Kingdom: findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Laia Bécares
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual and queer (LGBQ) women living in the United Kingdom (UK) experience worse health than their heterosexual peers throughout their lives, but less is known about health inequalities in older age. This study uses population-level data to examine inequalities among LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality, compared to heterosexual women. Analyses use data from women aged 50 and older who were active in Waves 3 and 7 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (also known as Understanding Society) (N = 8,209) to examine inequalities in socio-economic conditions, health and alcohol consumption across sexual orientation groups. LGBQ older women are on average younger and have higher socio-economic resources than their heterosexual peers. In contrast, women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation are older and have the lowest income and educational qualifications. Results of the health inequalities analyses show that LGBQ older women are almost twice as likely as heterosexual older women to engage in harmful alcohol consumption. Older women who prefer not to disclose their sexuality have worse physical and mental health than heterosexual older women. The health of LGBQ older women and women who prefer not to disclose their sexual orientation is one of the most neglected research areas in UK gerontology. Findings of this study contribute to our understanding of their social and health circumstances, and illuminate methodological limitations in existing data.

‘It makes you go crazy’: Children's knowledge and experience of alcohol consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jayne ◽  
Gill Valentine
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Critical Writing ◽  
The United Kingdom

This article contributes to a burgeoning body of writing focused on children and consumption with reference to critical writing around alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. Drawing on empirical research undertaken in the United Kingdom with families with at least one child aged 5–12 years, we show that despidte being uninterested in drinking themselves, children have a sophisticated understanding of alcohol and its effects. In doing so, we contribute to recent theoretical and empirical work on social reproduction, adult–children interaction, materialities and intergenerational transmission of consumption cultures that are bound up with social rather than individualised notions of consumption. By adding non-representational theories relating to emotions, embodiment and affect to such an agenda, we also point to new fruitful avenues for research on children, childhood and consumer culture.

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