Composition of unique unifloral honeys from the Boreal coniferous forest zone: Fireweed and raspberry honey

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Salonen ◽  
Jouni Hiltunen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Zone

scholarly journals AGRO ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF DARK GREY SOIL IN IMERETI REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROZA LORTKIPANIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Clay Shales ◽  
Tectonic Processes ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
Lithological Composition

Georgia, in particular, the dark grey soils of the middle belt of the Imereti mountain-forest zone are widespread. This soil is of bioclimatic type which analogues are found in many regions of the world forest zone and are formed in geographical and landscape conditions similar to Georgia. According to the vertical zoning, forest dark grey soils are spread from 600-900 meters above sea level to 2000-2100 meters. In Imereti, in the lower zone of the distribution of these soils, they border the yellow and red soils, and in the upper zone, the subalpine soils of the mountain-meadow.They, like the relief of the territory of all mountainous countries, the relief strip of forest dark grey soils in Imereti is very difficult in relief. It is fragmented, which in turn is related to the geological structure, lithological composition of rocks, tectonic processes, erosion-denudation occurrences and more.The thickness of the soil changes with the inclination of the slope, gravel, properties, the greater the slope, the less soil moisture, the slower the soil is washed away, and the dryness of the soil is known to be unfavorable for the plant. Under these conditions, a very small amount of humus-accumulation horizon is formed, which is unsatisfactory in terms of soil protection importance and fertility. At the same time it is noteworthy that the soils of the southern exposure are hotter than those of the north.Dark grey soils are developed on the Tertiary and post-Tertiary sandstones, clays and their overcrop products in the southern Imereti region, which includes the northern slopes of the Meskheti Range, within the Zestafoni, Bagdati, Samtredia, Vani districts. Soil-forming rocks are Lower and Middle Eocene sandstones, marls, clay-shales, erupted (andesites, tuffs) rocks.These soils are developed under broadleaf (hornbeam, chestnut, oak) and deciduous-coniferous forest cover.Sandy soils are spread in Khoni, Baghdati, Vani, Tkibuli, Chiatura, Kharagauli, Imereti region.

The vegetation map of Inner Mongolia, 1 : 1 500 000, China

1996 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shipeng
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Vegetation Map ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Sound Foundation

Vegetation of the region can be divided according to five basic principles: 1) genesis (natural or artificial vegetation); 2) belonging to a global vegetation ecoregion (Eurasia coniferous ecoregion, Eastern Asia summer green broad-leaf ecoregion, etc.); 3) belonging to a climatic zone (Cool temperate light coniferous forest zone, Mezo-temperate summer green forest zone, etc.); 4) belonging to a geomorphic landscape (mountainous vegetation, plateau vegetation, etc.); 5) division into formations or subformations with the help of edificators, dominants and ecological groups. In Inner Mongolia 99 formations have been distinguished. Using the above approaches the vegetation map legend has been constructed. The map has been completed on the base of remote sensing data and the field studies. Its legend has been worked out following the principles of landscape ecology and fully exploiting the satellite images informations. The map quite clearly reflects the dynamic aspects of vegetation, it is supplemented by special legends to show the degree of vegetation destruction under human activities. In the very conclusion the different aspects of application of the map are given as the basis for resource inventoring, phytomass assessment, the compiling of rangeland map, estimating of carrying capacity, etc. The map provides a sound foundation for planning of sustainable use and protection of vegetation cover in Inner Mongolia.

scholarly journals How Reindeer Herders Cope with Harsh Winter Conditions in Northern Finland: Insights from an Interview Study

ARCTIC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Minna Turunen ◽  
Päivi Soppela ◽  
Cara Ocobock
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Cultural Strategies

Reindeer herding involves hard physical work carried out in a cold climate under variable weather conditions. In the fall and winter, herders’ work in northern Finland includes collecting and moving reindeer herds to round-up sites, working in round-ups, slaughtering and processing meat as well as daily feeding and monitoring of the animals in the field. To study the experiences and perceptions of coping with cold among physically active herders in harsh winter conditions, we interviewed 22 herders from six herding districts of the central reindeer management area within the north boreal coniferous forest zone. We focused on behavioral and cultural strategies that accompany the physiological cold adaptations. Semi-structured interviews revealed that the main behavioral and cultural strategies used by herders to successfully carry out their duties while avoiding cold-related injury include clothing, physical activity, nutrition, and shelter as well as protecting vehicles and devices. Herders across sex, age, and herding district reported using modern layered clothing developed for extreme conditions, often combined with traditional footwear and clothes made of reindeer fur or woollen fabric. In addition, herders increase their physical activity; eat warm, energy-rich foods; make fires; stay overnight or take breaks in a house or a cabin, a car, or other protected places to reduce exposure to the harsh environment. Coping with extreme conditions not only requires flexibility, preparedness, and innovation from the herders but also thoughtful caution when approaching and managing unexpected situations. We conclude that modernization of reindeer husbandry, climate change, and rapidly increasing land use competition not only drive herders to modify their behavioral and cultural coping mechanisms for extreme weather conditions but may also create new, unexpected vulnerabilities. 

A Study of the Rosaria Group of the Genus Diarsia (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae) with Special Reference to the Structure of the Male Genitalia

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
California Coast ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
The Pacific

A recent study of that complex of the genus Diarsia which at present is found in collections under the name rosaria Grt. has convinced me that at least two species, easily separable on the basis of maculation and colouring, have gone under this name. One of these, the true rosaria, is confined to the more northerly portions of the California coast. The other species ranges from Alaska south through British Columbia into the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and from the coast of British Columbia east through the northern coniferous forest zone to the coast of Labrador. The latter species is divisible on the basis of well defined genitalic differences into a subspecies inhabiting the Cordilleran region and a subspecies confined to the northern coniferous forest.

THE MOSQUITOES OF SASKATCHEWAN

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Ecological Zones

This publication deals with the adult mosquitoes of Saskatchewan. Keys to genera and species are given. Six genera are represented in the mosquito fauna, namely: Aedes with 25 species; Culex with three species; Culiseta with five species; Anopheles, Mansonia, Psorophora, and Wyeomyia each with one species. Each species is described and important taxonomic characters are illustrated. Brief notes on biology and distribution follow the description of each species. The topography, climate, and vegetation of the province is discussed in relation to the distribution of mosquitoes. The seasonal distribution of the mosquitoes in the three main ecological zones, namely prairie, aspen grove zone, and coniferous forest zone, is outlined. Brief sections are devoted to mosquito adaptation to survival and to mosquitoes in relation to Western equine encephalomyelitis.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal changes in forest loss and its linkage to burned areas in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2525-2536
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Wu ◽  
Saijia Yan ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Yanlong Shan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Temperate Deciduous

Abstract Fire-induced forest loss has substantially increased worldwide over the last decade. In China, the connection between forest loss and frequent fires on a national scale remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used a data set for a time-series of forest loss from the Global Forest Watch and for a MODIS-derived burned area for 2003–2015 to ascertain variations in forest loss and to explore its relationship with forest fires (represented by burned areas) at the country- and forest-zone levels. We quantified trends in forest loss during 2003–2015 using linear regression analysis and assessed the relation between forest loss and burned areas using Spearman’s correlation. Forest loss increased significantly (264.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.54, p < 0.01) throughout China, with an average annual increase of 11.4% during 2003–2015. However, the forest loss trend had extensive spatial heterogeneity. Forest loss increased mainly in the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone (315.0 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01) and tropical rainforest zone (38.8 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.66, p < 0.01), but the loss of forest decreased in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone (− 70.8 km2 year−1; R2 = 0.75, p < 0.01) and the temperate deciduous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest zone (− 14.4 km2 a−1; R2 = 0.45, p < 0.05). We found that 1.0% of China’s area had a significant positive correlation (r ≥ 0.55, p < 0.05) with burned areas and 0.3% had a significant negative correlation (r ≤ − 0.55, p < 0.05). In particular, forest loss had a significant positive relationship with the burned area in the cold temperate deciduous coniferous forest zone (16.9% of the lands) and the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest zone (7.8%). These results provide a basis for future predictions of fire-induced forest loss in China.

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