scholarly journals Diversity of Coomansus zschokkei-group (Nematoda, Mononchida) in Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mladenov ◽  
Milka Elshishka ◽  
Stela Lazarova ◽  
Lyudmila Lozanova ◽  
Georgi Radoslavov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Posterior Position

The genus Coomansus Jairajpuri & Khan, 1977 encompasses more than 30 species occuring in various habitats. The Coomansus zschokkei-group, characterized by a posterior position of the dorsal tooth, includes 11 species spread in the northern hemisphere: Europe (3 species), Asia (Far East, Korea, Japan – 8 species), North America (Costa Rica and USA – 1 species), which are reported from subalpine habitats and forests, but also freshwater lakes. So far, one species (C. zschokkei (Menzel, 1914)) was recorded from Bulgaria (Iliev and Ilieva 2019). During this study three undescribed species have been found from mountain areas of Bulgaria. These three closely related Coomansus species were studied using an integrative approach. Based on the dimensions of the buccal capsule and the posterior position of the dorsal tooth they are similar to C. zschokkei, C. cobbi (Eroshenko, 1975), C. mucronatus (Eroshenko, 1975) and C. simenensis (Kreis, 1924), but differ from them by a number of characters such as buccal capsule length, tail length, and lateral piece shape. Coomansus cf. menzeli Loof & Viniszewska-Slipińska, 1993 recovered from moss around birch tree at the Central Balkan Mountain is a new geographical record for Bulgaria. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S and D2-D3 expansion domains of rRNA genes have been performed for the first time for members of Coomansus zschokkei-group. In both phylogenetic reconstructions, all Coomansus species with the exception of C. gerlachei (De Man, 1904) formed a monophyletic group with very high bootstrap support values. Speciation within the group seems to be related to glaciation and post-glaciation events in mountain areas.

A curious nematode, Diploscapteroides persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Rhabditomorpha), from Iran with a note on the status of the male genital papillae

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Ghaemi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Sergio Álvarez-Ortega ◽  
Majid Pedram ◽  
Mohammad Reza Atighi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Male Genital

Diploscapteroides persicus n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is mainly characterised by female body length of 469-673 μm, female tail length of 51-99 μm, shape of gubernaculum and spicules and arrangement of male genital papillae. Also, the arrangement of male genital papillae of the new species shows the presence of precloacal papillae, a feature that has not been previously described for the genus. The new species is comparable with all valid species of the genus, namely D. boettgeri, D. brevicauda, D. chitinolabiatus, D. coroniger, D. dacchensis and D. flexuosus, from which the morphological comparisons of the new species with aforementioned species are discussed. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of SSU and LSU rRNA genes were performed for the new species, being the first representative of the genus to be phylogenetically studied using both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, and revealed that D. persicus n. sp. formed a clade with a species of Cephaloboides.

Review of the systematics, morphology and distribution of Asian Clawed Salamanders, genus Onychodactylus (Amphibia, Caudata: Hynobiidae), with the description of four new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3465 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY A. POYARKOV, JR. ◽  
JING CHE ◽  
MI-SOOK MIN ◽  
MASAKI KURO-O ◽  
FANG YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

We describe four new species of Asian Clawed salamanders of the genus Onychodactylus (Caudata: Hynobiidae), basedon fresh material collected during fieldwork in Japan, Korea, the Russian Far East and northeastern China between 2003and 2010, as well as older voucher specimens deposited in several museums. Our analyses comprise all species currentlyrecognized within this genus across its entire distribution range. We follow an integrative taxonomic approach bycombining detailed morphological comparative analyses with molecular phylogenetic analyses. We find significantdifferences among species in this genus, based on morphological and molecular data, which resulted in the recognitionand description of four new species within this genus. The new species have uncorrected molecular divergences of over4.5–7.4% and 1.9–4.1% to their closest relatives in the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes respectively. In themolecular analyses, we found two very divergent lineages in Korea and Japan that need further investigation, as detailedmorphological data are not available for them. We also discuss our approach to delimit species on salamanders. For thenew species described in this group we evaluate their threat status according to IUCN criteria: O. koreanus sp. nov. Min,Poyarkov & Vieites and O. nipponoborealis sp. nov. Kuro-o, Poyarkov & Vieites are classified as Least Concern, whileO. zhaoermii sp. nov. Che, Poyarkov & Yan and O. zhangyapingi sp. nov. Che, Poyarkov, Li & Yan are classified as Vulnerable (Vu2a).

scholarly journals Ecotypes and evolutionary significant units in endangered North African gazelles

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa L Silva ◽  
Cândida G Vale ◽  
Raquel Godinho ◽  
Amina Fellous ◽  
Yves Hingrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
North African ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
North West

Abstract Conservation planning of threatened taxa relies upon accurate data on systematics, ecological traits and suitable habitats. The genus Gazella includes taxa with distinct morphologies and ecological traits, but close phylogenetic relationships. The North African Gazella cuvieri and Gazella leptoceros loderi share morphological and physiological characters but the former is darker and found in mountain areas, while the latter is lighter and associated with sand dunes. Here we aim to assess the genetic distinctiveness of these taxa, to characterize their ecological niches and to identify potential occurrence areas, by analysing 327 samples across North-West Africa. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial (CYTB) and five nuclear gene fragments (KCAS, LAC, SPTBN1, PRKCI and THYR) show that both taxa comprise a single monophyletic group. However, ecological niche-based modelling suggests that populations of these taxa occupy distinct geographic areas and specific environments. Predicted areas of sympatry were restricted, as a consequence of local sharp transitions in climatic traits. The lack of genetic differentiation between these taxa suggests they should be lumped into G. cuvieri, while ecological and morphological differences indicate they correspond to distinct ecotypes. Conservation planning of G. cuvieri should consider the preservation of both mountain and lowland ecotypes to maintain the overall adaptive potential of the species. This integrative approach provides valuable insights in identifying evolutionary units and should be extended to other gazelles.

Molecular and morphological characterisation of Ditylenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Kermanshah province, western Iran

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrab Esmaeili ◽  
Ramin Heydari ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Male Tail ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

A new species of the genusDitylenchus,D.persicusn. sp., was collected around the roots of grapevine and is described and illustrated herein based on morphological and molecular studies. The new species is characterised by a body length of 783 (635-928) μm and 689 (670-715)μm in female and male, respectively, delicate stylet 6.2 (5.0-7.0)μm long, six lines in the lateral field, median bulb of pharynx well developed, muscular with crescentic valve, basal pharyngeal bulb pyriform with 10 (8-13)μm long stem extending into intestine, post-vulval uterine sac relatively short, 16 (14-18)μm long, female and male tail elongate-conoid with finely rounded terminus, and bursa covering 65-80% of male tail length. Morphologically,D.persicusn. sp. appears closer to five known species of the genus, namely:D.arachis,D.caudatus,D.clarus,D.myceliophagusandD. nanus. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA, ITS and partial 18S rRNA genes confirmed the close molecular relationship betweenD.persicusn. sp. and otherDitylenchusspecies such asD. myceliophagus,D. africanus,D. arachis,D. destructorandD. halictus.

Phylogeny of hymenolepidids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from mammals: sequences of 18S rRNA and COI genes confirm major clades revealed by the 28S rRNA analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neov ◽  
G.P. Vasileva ◽  
G. Radoslavov ◽  
P. Hristov ◽  
D.T.J. Littlewood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

Abstract The aim of the study is to test a hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationships among mammalian hymenolepidid tapeworms, based on partial (D1–D3) nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, by estimating new molecular phylogenies for the group based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 18S rRNA genes, as well as a combined analysis using all three genes. New sequences of COI and 18S rRNA genes were obtained for Coronacanthus integrus, C. magnihamatus, C. omissus, C. vassilevi, Ditestolepis diaphana, Lineolepis scutigera, Spasskylepis ovaluteri, Staphylocystis tiara, S. furcata, S. uncinata, Vaucherilepis trichophorus and Neoskrjabinolepis sp. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed the major clades identified by Haukisalmi et al. (Zoologica Scripta 39: 631–641, 2010): Ditestolepis clade, Hymenolepis clade, Rodentolepis clade and Arostrilepis clade. While the Ditestolepis clade is associated with soricids, the structure of the other three clades suggests multiple evolutionary events of host switching between shrews and rodents. Two of the present analyses (18S rRNA and COI genes) show that the basal relationships of the four mammalian clades are branching at the same polytomy with several hymenolepidids from birds (both terrestrial and aquatic). This may indicate a rapid radiation of the group, with multiple events of colonizations of mammalian hosts by avian parasites.

scholarly journals The Chloroplast Phylogenomics and Systematics of Zoysia (Poaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Se-Hwan Cheon ◽  
Min-Ah Woo ◽  
Sangjin Jo ◽  
Young-Kee Kim ◽  
Ki-Joong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Sequence

The genus Zoysia Willd. (Chloridoideae) is widely distributed from the temperate regions of Northeast Asia—including China, Japan, and Korea—to the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Among these, four species—Zoysia japonica Steud., Zoysia sinica Hance, Zoysia tenuifolia Thiele, and Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav.—are naturally distributed in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we report the complete plastome sequences of these Korean Zoysia species (NCBI acc. nos. MF953592, MF967579~MF967581). The length of Zoysia plastomes ranges from 135,854 to 135,904 bp, and the plastomes have a typical quadripartite structure, which consists of a pair of inverted repeat regions (20,962~20,966 bp) separated by a large (81,348~81,392 bp) and a small (12,582~12,586 bp) single-copy region. In terms of gene order and structure, Zoysia plastomes are similar to the typical plastomes of Poaceae. The plastomes encode 110 genes, of which 76 are protein-coding genes, 30 are tRNA genes, and four are rRNA genes. Fourteen genes contain single introns and one gene has two introns. Three evolutionary hotspot spacer regions—atpB~rbcL, rps16~rps3, and rpl32~trnL-UAG—were recognized among six analyzed Zoysia species. The high divergences in the atpB~rbcL spacer and rpl16~rpl3 region are primarily due to the differences in base substitutions and indels. In contrast, the high divergence between rpl32~trnL-UAG spacers is due to a small inversion with a pair of 22 bp stem and an 11 bp loop. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in 59 different locations in Z. japonica, 63 in Z. sinica, 62 in Z. macrostachya, and 63 in Z. tenuifolia plastomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Zoysia (Zoysiinae) forms a monophyletic group, which is sister to Sporobolus (Sporobolinae), with 100% bootstrap support. Within the Zoysia clade, the relationship of (Z. sinica, Z japonica), (Z. tenuifolia, Z. matrella), (Z. macrostachya, Z. macrantha) was suggested.

scholarly journals Characterization, Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications of Mitogenomes of Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Wenqian Wang ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Jérôme Constant ◽  
Charles R. Bartlett ◽  
Daozheng Qin
Keyword(s):  
Control Region ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Rna Genes ◽  
Unpaired Base

The complete mitogenomes of nine fulgorid species were sequenced and annotated to explore their mitogenome diversity and the phylogenetics of Fulgoridae. All species are from China and belong to five genera: Dichoptera Spinola, 1839 (Dichoptera sp.); Neoalcathous Wang and Huang, 1989 (Neoalcathous huangshanana Wang and Huang, 1989); Limois Stål, 1863 (Limois sp.); Penthicodes Blanchard, 1840 (Penthicodes atomaria (Weber, 1801), Penthicodes caja (Walker, 1851), Penthicodes variegata (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)); Pyrops Spinola, 1839 (Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839), Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818), Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842)). The nine mitogenomes were 15,803 to 16,510 bp in length with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a control region (A + T-rich region). Combined with previously reported fulgorid mitogenomes, all PCGs initiate with either the standard start codon of ATN or the nonstandard GTG. The TAA codon was used for termination more often than the TAG codon and the incomplete T codon. The nad1 and nad4 genes varied in length within the same genus. A high percentage of F residues were found in the nad4 and nad5 genes of all fulgorid mitogenomes. The DHU stem of trnV was absent in the mitogenomes of all fulgorids sequenced except Dichoptera sp. Moreover, in most fulgorid mitogenomes, the trnL2, trnR, and trnT genes had an unpaired base in the aminoacyl stem and trnS1 had an unpaired base in the anticodon stem. The similar tandem repeat regions of the control region were found in the same genus. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on 13 PCGs and two rRNA genes from 53 species of Fulgoroidea and seven outgroups. The Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood trees had a similar topological structure. The major results show that Fulgoroidea was divided into two groups: Delphacidae and ((Achilidae + (Lophopidae + (Issidae + (Flatidae + Ricaniidae)))) + Fulgoridae). Furthermore, the monophyly of Fulgoridae was robustly supported, and Aphaeninae was divided into Aphaenini and Pyropsini, which includes Neoalcathous, Pyrops, Datua Schmidt, 1911, and Saiva Distant, 1906. The genus Limois is recovered in the Aphaeninae, and the Limoisini needs further confirmation; Dichoptera sp. was the earliest branch in the Fulgoridae.

scholarly journals Evidence for Range Expansion and Origins of an Invasive Hornet Vespa bicolor (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Taiwan, with Notes on Its Natural Status

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Sheng-Shan Lu ◽  
Junichi Takahashi ◽  
Wen-Chi Yeh ◽  
Ming-Lun Lu ◽  
Jing-Yi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Taiwan

The invasive alien species (IAS) Vespa bicolor is the first reported hornet that has established in Taiwan and is concerning as they prey on honeybee Apis mellifera, which leads to colony losses and public concerns. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current status of V. bicolor abundance, dispersal, and impact and to trace the origins of Taiwan’s V. bicolor population. Our studies took place in five areas in northern to central Taiwan. We used mtDNA in the phylogenetic analyses. Field survey and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were used to understand the origins and current range of the invasive species. Two main subgroups of V. bicolor in the phylogenetic tree were found, and a clade with short branch lengths in Southeastern China and Taiwan formed a subgroup, which shows that the Taiwan population may have invaded from a single event. Evidence shows that V. bicolor is not a severe pest to honeybees in the study area; however, using ENM, we predict the rapid dispersion of this species to the cooler and hilly mountain areas of Taiwan. The management of V. bicolor should also involve considering it a local pest to reduce loss by beekeepers and public fear in Taiwan. Our findings highlight how the government, beekeepers, and researchers alike should be aware of the implications of V. bicolor’s rapid range expansion in Taiwan, or in other countries.

scholarly journals The first mitochondrial genome of the genus Exhippolysmata (Decapoda: Caridea: Lysmatidae), with gene rearrangements and phylogenetic associations in Caridea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-ying Ye ◽  
Jing Miao ◽  
Ya-hong Guo ◽  
Li Gong ◽  
Li-hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Gc Skew ◽  
Strong Bootstrap Support

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of animals can provide useful information for evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses. The mitogenome of the genus Exhippolysmata (i.e., Exhippolysmata ensirostris) was sequenced and annotated for the first time, its phylogenetic relationship with selected members from the infraorder Caridea was investigated. The 16,350 bp mitogenome contains the entire set of 37 common genes. The mitogenome composition was highly A + T biased at 64.43% with positive AT skew (0.009) and negative GC skew (− 0.199). All tRNA genes in the E. ensirostris mitogenome had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 (AGN), which appeared to lack the dihydrouridine arm. The gene order in the E. ensirostris mitogenome was rearranged compared with those of ancestral decapod taxa, the gene order of trnL2-cox2 changed to cox2-trnL2. The tandem duplication-random loss model is the most likely mechanism for the observed gene rearrangement of E. ensirostris. The ML and BI phylogenetic analyses place all Caridea species into one group with strong bootstrap support. The family Lysmatidae is most closely related to Alpheidae and Palaemonidae. These results will help to better understand the gene rearrangements and evolutionary position of E. ensirostris and lay a foundation for further phylogenetic studies of Caridea.

Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Georgia

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorgadze ◽  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Medea Burjanadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.

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