scholarly journals Distribution, population density and habitat preferences of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Sliven and Yambol districts, SE Bulgaria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girgina Daskalova ◽  
Peter Shurulinkov ◽  
Georgi Popgeorgiev
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Data Book

The Barn Owl (Tyto alba Gould, 1837) is a rare and endangered species in Bulgaria, included in the Red Data Book (Golemansky 2015) as “Vulnerable”, with national population estimated at 200–700 pairs. Barn Owl presence was surveyed using sound provocation during the night at 161 points in 52 small to medium-sized settlements in Sliven and Yambol districts (Thracian plain, SE Bulgaria). The studied territory was about 1190 km2. The habitats presented in a 3-km radius around the presence and potential absence points were statistically analysed. The species was found to be a quite common breeding species in the study area – a total of 56 Barn Owls were registered, at 50 points (31.1%), in 31 settlements (62% of all studied). Clear defensive behavior was observed against the source of the sound in many occasions. The average density of the population was 4.2 occupied territories / 100 km2. The occupied locations were situated mostly in settlements laying in deforested lowland areas (far from large forest patches), with flat or hilly relief, covered by agricultural lands, pastures and steppes. The number of presences was found to be scarce in villages along heavily used motorways. Traffic-caused mortality of Barn Owls is commented as a probable explanation.

scholarly journals Behaviour-specific habitat selection patterns of breeding barn owls

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Séchaud ◽  
Kim Schalcher ◽  
Ana Paula Machado ◽  
Bettina Almasi ◽  
Carolina Massa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Barn Owls

Abstract Background The intensification of agricultural practices over the twentieth century led to a cascade of detrimental effects on ecosystems. In Europe, agri-environment schemes (AES) have since been adopted to counter the decrease in farmland biodiversity, with the promotion of extensive habitats such as wildflower strips and extensive meadows. Despite having beneficial effects documented for multiple taxa, their profitability for top farmland predators, like raptors, is still debated. Such species with high movement capabilities have large home ranges with fluctuation in habitat use depending on specific needs. Methods Using GPS devices, we recorded positions for 134 barn owls (Tyto alba) breeding in Swiss farmland and distinguished three main behavioural modes with the Expectation-Maximization binary Clustering (EMbC) method: perching, hunting and commuting. We described barn owl habitat use at different levels during the breeding season by combining step and path selection functions. In particular, we examined the association between behavioural modes and habitat type, with special consideration for AES habitat structures. Results Despite a preference for the most common habitats at the home range level, behaviour-specific analyses revealed more specific habitat use depending on the behavioural mode. During the day, owls roosted almost exclusively in buildings, while pastures, meadows and forest edges were preferred as nocturnal perching sites. For hunting, barn owls preferentially used AES habitat structures though without neglecting more intensively exploited areas. For commuting, open habitats were preferred over wooded areas. Conclusions The behaviour-specific approach used here provides a comprehensive breakdown of barn owl habitat selection during the reproductive season and highlights its importance to understand complex animal habitat preferences. Our results highlight the importance of AES in restoring and maintaining functional trophic chains in farmland.

scholarly journals Nidicolous beetle species richness is driven by Barn Owl’s nests occupancy and landscape structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Cosandey ◽  
Robin Séchaud ◽  
Paul Béziers ◽  
Yannick Chittaro ◽  
Andreas Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Barn Owls

AbstractBird nests are specialized habitats because of their particular composition including nest detritus and bird droppings. In consequence, they attract a specialized arthropod community considered as nidicolous, which includes species only found in bird nests (strictly nidicolous) or sometimes found in bird nests (facultatively nidicolous). Because the factors influencing the entomofauna in bird nests are poorly understood, in autumn 2019, we collected nest material in 86 Barn Owl (Tyto alba) nest boxes. We investigated whether the invertebrate species richness was related to Barn Owl nest box occupancy, the density of available nest boxes and the landscape structure. We found 3,321 nidicolous beetle specimens belonging to 24 species. Species richness of strictly nidicolous beetles was 2.7 times higher in nest boxes occupied by a family of Barn Owls the previous spring compared to unoccupied nest boxes. It was also higher in sites that were more often occupied by Barn Owls in the five previous years and in areas surrounded by a higher proportion of crop fields. For facultatively nidicolous beetles, the density of Barn Owl nest boxes enhanced the species richness. In conclusion, our study suggests that the strictly nidicolous beetles benefit from occupied nest boxes of Barn Owls, whereas facultatively nidicolous beetles look for nest boxes independently of whether Barn Owls occupy them. Our study highlights the importance of bird nests for a suite of invertebrates.

scholarly journals Đa dạng tài nguyên cây làm thuốc tại khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên Na Hang, tỉnh Tuyên Quang

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Thị Hải Nguyễn ◽  
Huy Thái Trần ◽  
Thế Cường Nguyễn ◽  
Thị Thanh Vân Trần
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Data Book

In Na Hang Nature Reserve there was identified 647 medicinal plant species belonging to 137 families, 4 vascular divisions: Lycopodiophyta with 3 species, 2 families; Polypodiophyta with20 species, 12 families; Pinophyta with 6 species, 4 families; Magnoliophyta with 618 species, 119 families. Concerning the diversity index: the family index: 4.72; the genus index: 1.49; the genus index/the family index: 3.16. In Na Hang Nature Rserve 10 families more species occupying 7.30% of the total families of medicinal plants with the total of species occupying 31.68% and 28.64% of the total of genus. The family more diverse is Asteraceae with 32 species, occupying 4.95% of the total of medicinal plants identified; following is Rubiaceae with 28 species (4.33%), Euphorbiaceae with 26 species (4.02%); Moraceae with 23 species (3.55%); Cucurbitaceae, Verbenaceae with the same number of species 18 (2.78%); Araceae with 17 species (2.63%); Zingiberaceae with 16 species (2.47%); Urticaceae with 15 species (2.32%); and the last are families Poaceae of species 12 (1.85%) in the total of species. 10 genera more diverse with 59 species (9.12% of the total of medicinal plants), Ficus (Moraceae) is more diverse with 15 species (2.32% of the total of medicinal plants) and another genera with from 4 to 7 species. In Nature Reserve of Na Hang we have confirmed the distribution of 30 precious and rare and endangered species priorto the conservation: 23 species in Vietnam Red Data Book (2007): VU - 16 species, EN - 07 species; 17 species in Red List of medicinal plant of Vietnam (2006):VU - 10 species, EN - 6 species and CR – 01 species; 07 species in IUCN Red List (2014): LR - 06 species and VU – 01 species.

Effects of environmental temperature on thyroid hormones in the barn owl (Tyto alba)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Klein ◽  
Margit Kulcsár ◽  
Virág Krízsik ◽  
R. Mátics ◽  
P. Rudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Barn Owls

The basic patterns of thyroid hormones [thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3)] and the T4 and T3 responses induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) are reported in captive female barn owls (Tyto alba) during the non-breeding period. The main findings of the study, conducted on a total of 10 owls, are as follow: (1) The thyroid gland of barn owl can be stimulated by the classical TRH stimulation test. (2) T3 response was much more pronounced both under cold (around 10°C) and warm (around 20°C) conditions, whereas T4 response ranged so widely that we could not point out any significant change in it. (3) Basal T3 plasma level was significantly (p = 0.036) higher in birds exposed to cold temperature, and they responded to TRH treatment with a lower plasma T3 elevation than the birds kept in a warm chamber. This pattern, however, cannot be explained by increased food intake, but is in agreement with the fact that enhanced T3 level may account for higher avUCP mRNA expression, which results in higher heat production on the cell level. From the results it is concluded that altering T3 plasma level plays a significant role in cold-induced thermoregulation.

scholarly journals Offspring Desertion by Double-Brooded Female Barn Owls (Tyto Alba)

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Nesting Success ◽  
Reproductive Cost ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Breeding Attempt ◽  
Second Clutch ◽  
Offspring Desertion

Abstract In double-brooded species, the sex that contributes less to breeding success may desert offspring before the end of the rearing period to start a new breeding attempt with another partner. I evaluated that prediction in the Barn Owl (Tyto alba), a species in which the male feeds the brood on average twice as often as the female. Among birds that produced a second brood, 46% of females and 4% of males deserted their offspring before completion of parental duties to remate with another partner at a distance of 1 to 10 km. Offspring desertion did not appear to incur a reproductive cost to the deserter, because deserting females at the first nest produced a similar number of offspring as nondeserting ones. In most cases, the new mate of deserting females had not been previously captured in the study area, and hence had probably not previously bred that season. Although the second clutch of deserting females was larger and produced two weeks earlier than that of nondeserting females, their nesting success did not differ.

scholarly journals Breeding avifauna of Niemodlin countryside (SW Poland) during the years 2002-2007, and its changes over the last 56 years (1962-2007)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Ficedula Albicollis ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Saxicola Torquata ◽  
Sw Poland

Abstract Niemodlin countryside (c. 300 km2) is situated in the south-western part of Opole Silesia, SW Poland. Forests occupy c. 40%, arable grounds – 1/3, and meadows and pastures – 7%. There are 31 fish-ponds with a total diked surface of 663 ha. The paper presents results of field investigations carried out during the years 2002-2007 and an analysis of changes in the breeding avifauna over the last 56 years. During the years 2002-2007, 123 breeding and 11 probably breeding bird species were recorded in this area. During the years 1962-2007 151 species were recorded as breeding residents; and additional five species – as probably breeding resident. The following species were recorded as breeding for the first time in 1962-2007: Haliaeetus albicilla, Larus canus, Motacilla cinerea, Saxicola torquata, Locustella luscinioides, Ficedula albicollis, Corvus corax and Carpodacus erythrinus. In the same period the following species became extinct: Podiceps nigricollis, Anas clypeata, Milvus milvus, and Tringa glareola. The following species increaed in numbers in 1962-2007: Coturnix coturnix, Grus grus, Columba oenas, Apus apus, Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopos medius, Motacilla cinerea, Saxicola torquata and Corvus corax. In the same period, Tachybaptus ruficollis, Podiceps cristatus, Podiceps grisegena, Ciconia ciconia, Aythya nyroca, Perdix perdix, Gallinago gallinago, Larus ridibundus, Tyto alba, Alcedo atthis, Picus viridis, Riparia riparia and Corvus cornix decreased in numbers. The areas with the highest concentration of rare and endangered species are postulated to be protected as nature reserves, landscape parks and other spatial forms of nature conservation.

Diets of native and introduced apex predators in Hawai'i

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Carolyn S. Mostello ◽  
Sheila Conant
Keyword(s):  
Barn Owl ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Feral Cat ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asio Flammeus ◽  
Barn Owls

We report here on the diets of four apex predators in Hawai‘i: the native pueo or Hawaiian short-eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) and three introduced species, the barn owl (Tyto alba pratincola), the feral cat (Felis catus) and the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus). To better understand dietary relationships between these predators, we studied diet, focusing on areas where they occur together. We collected disgorged owl pellets, and cat and mongoose faecal scats from eight areas located on five of the main Hawaiian Islands and identified prey items to the lowest possible taxonomic level. All species consumed rodents, birds, and arthropods, and the mammal species also included plants in their diets. The two owl species and the cat preyed primarily on rodents, whereas small cockroaches predominated in the diet of the mongoose. Diets of the owl species and the cat, but not the mongoose, varied significantly between areas. Dietary overlap was highest between the pueo and the barn owl and lowest between the owl species and the mongoose. Although barn owls took more rats than pueo, there was no evidence that the two owl species partitioned house mouse prey by size. On islands where there are no mongoose, both owls took a greater proportion of large arthropods in their diet, suggesting that mongoose reduced the abundance of the arthropod species that owls commonly took. There was no significant difference in pueo diets before and after introduction of the barn owl.

scholarly journals Non-Vocal Behaviors Are More Frequent During the Decisive Negotiation Phases in Barn Owl Siblings

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1777
Author(s):  
Amélie N. Dreiss ◽  
Andrea Romano ◽  
Raphaëlle Flint ◽  
Sarah Bates ◽  
Aurélie Vermunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Sibling Negotiation ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Vocal Interactions

Animals produce vibrations or noises by means of body movements, which can play a role in communication. These behaviors enhance signal transmission or receiver attention and could be specifically used during turn-taking phases of a reciprocal exchange of signals. In the barn owl Tyto alba, nestlings vocalize one after the other to negotiate which individual will have priority access to the impending prey item to be delivered by the parents. Owlets adjust their vocalization to their own hunger level and to their siblings’ vocalization, withdrawing from the contest in front of highly vocal, and hence hungry, motivated nestmates. As sibling negotiation is a multicomponent display, we examined whether body movements could also be part of the negotiation process. To this end, we analyzed whether the vocalizations of one nestling affected its nestmate’s movements in three separate experiments: in natural nests, in the lab, and using a playback procedure. Nestling barn owls move in a variety of ways, such as repeated tapping of the floor with a foot, scratching the floor with claws, or flapping wings. Body movements were more frequent during the turn-taking phases of vocal interactions, when siblings emitted longer calls and at a greater rate. Once an individual monopolized vocal activity, siblings became less vocal and less active. Moreover, owlets produced more noisy body movements during the phases of vocal interactions which are crucial to prevail in negotiation. Non-vocal physical activities might reinforce vocal signals during sibling to sibling (sib–sib) interactions, or reflect owlets’ arousal, in the critical period during which they vocally settle which individual will dominate the competition.

The Relationship between Weather and Reproduction of the Barn Owl Tyto Alba in a Semi-Arid Agricultural Landscape in Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motti Charter ◽  
Ido Izhaki ◽  
Kobi Meyrom ◽  
Shauli Aviel ◽  
Yossi Leshem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Minimum Daily Temperature ◽  
Semi Arid

Even though the Barn Owl ( Tyto alba) is distributed worldwide, little information is available on how weather affects Barn Owl breeding outside of Europe and North America. For instance, if cold temperatures can negatively influence population dynamics in temperate regions, heat could have a similar negative effect in arid regions. We have studied a breeding population of Barn Owls in a semi-arid agricultural environment over 13 years in Israel in order to determine whether lack of rain and hot ambient temperatures impair Barn Owl reproductive success. The percentage of nest boxes occupied by Barn Owls was not related to any of the weather variables, whereas the number of nestlings per Barn Owl pair and the percentage of pairs that succeeded to fledge young was lower in years when it started to rain later in the season and when the minimum daily temperature was higher during the breeding season. In comparison to temperate regions, heat is detrimental to Barn Owl breeding and early precipitation is probably important in boosting vegetation and, in turn, the abundance of small mammals, the Barn Owl's staple food.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular genetic analysis of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) (Nematoda, Acuariidae) from the barn owl (Tyto alba) and the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in Austria

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ebmer ◽  
H.-P. Fuehrer ◽  
B. Eigner ◽  
H. Sattmann ◽  
A. Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
First Record ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
The Common

SummaryIn the framework of the biodiversity initiative and barcoding project “Austrian Barcode of Life” (ABOL) post mortem examinations of the gastro-intestinal tracts of different species of wild birds were carried out and several adult helminths were retrieved. In the gizzard of two barn owls (Tyto alba) and one common kestrel (Falco tinnuculus) acuariid nematodes belonging to the species Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps (Rudolphi, 1819) were discovered. This report illustrates the identification of this parasitic nematode by morphometric comparison and scanning electron microscopic photographs. Furthermore, genetic identification of individual parasites based on a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene was carried out. This report constitutes the first COI-based DNA barcoding of S. (S.) laticeps and its first record in the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Austria.

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