scholarly journals Trees, shrubs and herbs of the coastal Myrtaceae swamp forest (Región de La Araucanía, Chile): a dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich ◽  
Elías Andrade Mansilla ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Cristián Vergara Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Tristerix Corymbosus ◽  
Drimys Winteri

Species lists are fundamental for knowledge of species diversity in regions subject to intense anthropogenic pressure, especially in poorly-studied ecosystems. The dataset comes from an inventory conducted in 30 fragments of Myrtaceae swamp forest, located in an agroforestry matrix landscape of the coastal La Araucanía Region in Chile. The data collection was carried out using line transect sampling, which was traced through the core of each fragment orientated towards its longest axis. The dataset provides a record of 55 species (24 trees, 1 vine [as a host], 16 herbs and 15 shrubs) including accidental epiphytes (n = 7), hemiparasites (n = 4), host (n = 10) and additionally woody debris (n = 36). The most frequent trees in the landscape were Myrceugenia exsucca (n = 36 records) and Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (n = 33 records), species that were also the most common hosts. Drimys winteri was a companion species, other trees and shrubs generally being rarely observed, as was the case of the introduced species (Prunus avium, Rubus constrictus and Ulex europaeus). Branches were the most common microhabitat for hemiparasites. Within this group, Lepidoceras chilense was the most frequent species. For accidental epiphytes, Drimys winteri, which commonly grows on the ground (soil), were the most common species found in the main trunk crotch. Some unusual observations were the climber Cissus striata as host of Tristerix corymbosus (hemiparasite) and Tristerix corymbosus as host of Lepidoceras chilense (hemiparasite). This study represents a landscape-scale sample of the swamp forest, which is distributed in a dispersed pattern over a large stretch of Chile. The data were collected from 30 forest patches (from 0.05 to 936 ha), located on the coast of the Araucanía. The database includes the presence of 55 species of vascular plants in 356 records. The main novelty of this contribution is the systematic classification of species under six traits, never before reported in the same database: (i) condition (coarse woody debris, fallen log, live, snag), (ii) habit (herb, shrub, tree), (iii) growth microhabitat (e.g. tree trunk, branch, main trunk crotch), (iv) growth form (accidental epiphyte, hemiparasite, terricolous, vegetative), (v) host species (as appropriate) and (vi) relative location of the species in the sampled patch and surrounding areas (core, border, matrix). Species not previously observed in these forests were: Gavilea spp., Hieracium spp., Lophosoria quadripinnata, Berberis actinacantha, Gaultheria phillyreifolia, Ovidia pillo-pillo, Amomyrtus meli and Caldcluvia paniculata. In addition, two introduced species are novelties for the catalogue of vascular plants of Chile (Cupressus macrocarpa and Prunus avium). Several of these ecosystem traits are indeed new reports for these types of forests (e.g. accidental epiphytes, fallen logs, species-host relationship); at the same time, more frequent data (i.e. species composition, habit) are found in different contributions, making the comprehensive process of analysis difficult. Accordingly, the database is made available in this manuscript.

scholarly journals Etiology and Host Range of a Closterovirus Associated with Plum Bark Necrosis-Stem Pitting Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana B. Marini ◽  
Y.-P. Zhang ◽  
A. Rowhani ◽  
J. K. Uyemoto
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Stem Pitting

Diseased plum (Prunus salicina) cv. Black Beaut trees developed stem gumming, severe bark necrosis, and stem pitting symptoms on the woody cylinder of the main trunk and scaffold branches. The sucker shoots of the peach (Prunus persica) cv. Nemaguard understocks exhibited oak-leaf patterns, but lacked the wood or bark markings. Other susceptible hosts included almond (Prunus dulcis), sweet (Prunus avium) and Japanese flowering (Prunus serrulata) cherries, and several plum (Prunus salicina) and prune (Prunus domestica) varieties. A purified preparation containing high molecular size dsRNAs was obtained initially from diseased cherry (P. avium × Prunus pseudocerasus) cv. Colt tissues. Healthy preparations were devoid of similar sized dsRNAs. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with degenerate oligonucleotide Closterovirus primers, designed from the HSP70 gene, were used to amplify two DNA fragments of 0.67 and 0.56 kbp. The larger cDNA product was cloned, sequenced (AF195501), and compared with other viral sequences. Depending on the number of nucleotides used in the comparisons, identities ranged from 77% for Grapevine leafroll associated virus to 3 to 44% for Little cherry virus-1. Specific primers from the 0.67 kbp cDNA sequence were designed and used in subsequent RT-PCR assays. The associated 0.67 kbp HSP70 amplicon of Plum bark necrosis-stem pitting associated virus was detected in all graft-inoculated Prunus species and varieties except prune (P. domestica var. French Improved).

scholarly journals (358) A GIS Approach to Managing the Invasive Species of Texas

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028B-1028
Author(s):  
William Spencer ◽  
Justin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Gis Platform

The state of Texas consists of roughly 4800 species of vascular plants. In 1970, it was estimated that 200 of these were introduced species. By 2003, the number of introduced species almost doubled to 350. Using the Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas, a database was compiled listing the invasive species in Texas and which of the 254 counties they inhabited. This database was then converted into a GIS platform that allowed us to analyze those data spatially. With these data, we were able to calculate the actual number of invasive species per county. In addition, these data were used to predict possible points of invasive species introduction, the rate of spread for certain problematic species, routes of migration, and to isolate counties under threat of possible infestation.

The importance of coarse woody debris for vascular plants in temperate mixed deciduous forests

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1154-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Chećko ◽  
Bogdan Jaroszewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Olejniczak ◽  
Anna J. Kwiatkowska-Falińska
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Northeastern Poland ◽  
Ecological Filter ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Natural Dynamics

Deadwood in various stages of decomposition and diverse spatial arrangements provides habitat for numerous organisms. However, knowledge on the colonization of deadwood by vascular plants in mixed deciduous forests is insufficient. We carried out our study in an oak–lime–hornbeam forest in northeastern Poland. Downed logs were colonized by 49 vascular plant species, a number higher than reported from any other type of forest. Species richness and abundance of plants increased with log diameter and decomposition. The former was higher on broadleaf deadwood than on coniferous deadwood (46 vs. 38 species). The frequency and abundance on logs were higher for small-seeded plants (<1 mg) than for bigger, heavier seeded plants. Deadwood surface served as an ecological filter, keeping small seeds in cracks, but allowing bigger seeds to roll down. Tree seedling density increased with wood decomposition. However, for eight of nine species, it was higher on the ground than on deadwood. Only spruce seedlings were recorded almost exclusively on deadwood, constituting a crucial substrate for spruce regeneration in meso-eutrophic forests. Therefore, we stress the importance of constant deadwood supply, on the scale of decades, to ensure the diversity of this substrate and to allow the natural dynamics of deadwood-dependent species populations.

scholarly journals Quantification Des Stocks De Carbone De Trois Pools Clés De Carbone En Afrique Centrale : Cas De La Forêt Marécageuse De La Likouala (Nord Congo)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Yannick Enock Bocko ◽  
Suspense Averti Ifo ◽  
Jean Joël Loumeto
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Flooded Forest ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Afrique Centrale

The data of carbon stock of central African swamps forests are very few. This study carried out an assessment of the carbon stock of living biomass and coarse woody debris of three biotopes (flooded forest, seasonal flooded forest, and terra firm forest) of Likouala swamp forest (North of Congo). The average of the carbon stock are 190.72±98.7 tC/ha, 39.69±21.24 tC/ha, and 9.45±6.6 tC/ha respectively for above ground, billow ground, and coarse woody debris. The carbon stock of our swamp forest tends to increase generally from the flooded forest to the terra firm forest. In addition, the average of the coarse woody debris carbon stock increases with the increasing of the above ground carbon stock.

The effects of logs, stumps, and root throws on understory communities within 28-year-old aspen-dominated boreal forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 905-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Lee ◽  
Kelly Sturgess
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Understory Composition ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Understory Communities

This study examined the role of logs, stumps, and root throws on the understory composition of aspen-dominated boreal forests. Measures of microsite coverage and suitability, and vascular plant composition and abundance were taken from 28-year-old wildfire and harvest sites. Larger logs (>20 cm diameter) with soft surfaces were the most suitable for colonization by vascular plants. These logs covered more than five times the area of stumps or root throws in both harvest and wildfire sites. Detrended correspondence analysis revealed that logs and stumps were colonized by a significantly different assemblage of vascular plants than the forest floor of either disturbance type. Contrary to studies in other forest types, assemblages of plants on root throw pits and mounds were similar to those on the forest floor. Initial colonization patterns on logs and stumps in both wildfire and harvest sites were similar. However, on more decayed logs assemblages of vascular plants were more similar to their respective wildfire or harvest forest floor assemblages. Ordination of species suggested that tree seedlings and shade-tolerant herbs were disproportionately more abundant on logs and stumps.Key words: plant community assemblages, deadwood resources, coarse woody debris, root throws, logs, boreal forest.

scholarly journals A 30-year update of the climbers and vascular epiphytes inventory of the Cerro Ñielol Natural Monument (La Araucanía, Chile): a database

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich ◽  
Bárbara Vallejos ◽  
Jorge Huincaguelo ◽  
Ulises Zambrano ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Species List ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Natural Monument

Plant species diversity may be seriously threatened in ecotone zones under global climate change. Therefore, keeping updated inventories of indicator species seems to be a good strategy for monitoring wild areas located in these strips. The database comes from an inventory of climbers and vascular epiphytes conducted in the Cerro Ñielol Natural Monument, a small protected area (89 hectares) located in Chile's Mediterranean-temperate phytogeographic region, within the boundaries of the city of Temuco, La Araucaína Region. The data represent the update of the first inventory carried out between 1980 and 1984. In this current contribution, data collection was carried out in 27 quadrats using the trails as transects. The data provide the record of 45 species (16 climbers, 15 epiphytes and 10 trees), including two accidental epiphytes (Acer psudoplatanus L. and Gavilea odoratissima (L.) Endl. ex Griseb.), two species that can be found as epiphytes or terricolous (Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. and Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L.f.) Druce) and one species (Chusquea quila Kunth) that can be found as terricolous and climber. Species of interest were recorded on live trees (n = 51), snags (n = 9), stumps (n = 4), fallen log (n = 5) and on the forest soil (n = 17). The most abundant climbers were Hydrangea serratifolia (Hook. &amp; Arn.) F. Phil. (n = 77 stems), Lapageria rosea Ruiz &amp; Pav. (n = 70 stems), Raukaua valdiviensis (Gay) Frodin (n = 48 stems) and Cissus striata Ruiz &amp; Pav. (n = 33 stems). In contrast, the most abundant epiphytes were Hymenophyllum plicatum Kaulf. (n = 1728 fronds) and Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm. (n = 2375 fronds). These latter two species represent the highest frequency and abundance in the whole inventory, respectively. Several ecosystem traits are, in fact, new reports since the first inventory was conducted in 1980-1984; for example, the presence of the filmy fern Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, the record of the climber Elytropus chilensis , fallen logs or the species-host relationship. Accordingly, the database is made available in this manuscript. This study updates the climbers and vascular epiphyte species list in the Cerro Ñielol Natural Monument, a small patch of forest under severe anthropogenic pressure. This protected area is characterised by floristic elements of the Mediterranean and temperate phytogeographic region of Chile, in a zone where forests have been severely deforested. The database includes the record of 45 species – including six species that were not recorded in the first inventory – in 211 records. The main novelty of this contribution is the systematic classification of species, on ten traits rarely reported in a floristic inventory: (i) species taxonomic identity (as usual), (ii) species abundance (number of stems and fronds), (iii) habit (herb, shrub, subshrub, tree), (iv) growth form (accidental epiphyte, epiphyte, vine, liana, terricolous), (v) climbing mechanism (tendrils, adhesive roots, twining, scrambling), (vi) microhabitat (fallen log, footpath slope, soil, stump, trunk), (vii) host species (where appropriate), (viii) host condition (live, woody debris, snag), (ix) host diameter at breast height (DBH) and (x) target species found over 2.3 m on trees. Thirty years after the first inventory conducted between 1980 and 1984, the climber assemblage has remained relatively stable over time, although there are some differences in species composition. Specifically, the climber Elytropus chilensis are recorded in the current inventory, but the Mitraria coccinea (recorded in the first inventory) is not present. On the other hand, the epiphyte assemblage showed an increase in the species richness of filmy ferns, with five previously unrecorded species: Hymenophyllum cuneatum, H. dicranotrichum, H. pectinatum, H. peltatum and H. tunbrigense. One of the novel features was the presence of Sarmienta scandens and Synammia feuillei on a Pinus radiata D. Don tree. Additionally, the introduced species Acer pseudoplatanus is included, which is new to the Chilean vascular plant catalogue. All these data are available in the present manuscript.

scholarly journals Vegetation-environment relationships of boreal spruce swamp forests in Østmarka Nature Reserve, SE Norway

Sommerfeltia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
R.H. Økland ◽  
T. Økland ◽  
K. Rydgren
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Site Types

Abstract Swamp forests dominated by Picea abies contribute strongly to the total plant species richness in boreal forests. The variation in species composition and environmental conditions in swamp forests and the relationships of swamp forests to mires and upland forest, have, however, remained insufficiently known. From a preliminary survey of 57 spruce swamp forests, eleven localities were selected to represent the variation in the study area with respect to size and nutrient status, and altitude and position in the landscape. Physiographic and hydrotopographic descriptions were made. A total of 150 1-m2 plots were distributed on the localities by a restricted random procedure. In each plot, the abundance of all vascular plants, bryophytes and macrolichens was recorded as frequency in 16 subplots, 53 variables (topographic and geographic, tree influence, water-table, water chemical and physical, and soil chemical and physical) were measured. The gradient ( coenocline) structure of vegetation was found by parallel DCA and LNMDS ordinations, interpreted ecologically by analysis of correlations and geostatistical patterns. The two main coenoclines were the same for the full species composition and for vascular plant and cryptogams considered separately. The first gradient was related to soil acidity and nutrient concentrations: plots segregated into relatively poor (and intermediate) and richer swamp forests. Nitrogen availability is considered a decisive factor for species’ responses to this gradient. The second gradient was related to depth to the water table and mesotopographic relief of the swamp-forest surface, varying mostly on fine (0.75-1.5 m) scales. Vascular plants segregate along this gradient due to a trade-off between tolerances to waterlogging and drought, bryophyte are influenced by a complex set of factors. Two minor vegetation gradients were also found; one related to microtopography (extending from flat, lawn-like areas dominated by large bryophytes to more strongly sloping sites dominated by small mosses and hepatics; ‘pocket species’) and one weakly related to the annual water-table amplitude. Relatively strong coenoclines were found that separated entire swamp forests but were uncorrelated with measured variables. These occurred because all swamp forests, notably the richer, had a strong element of uniqueness in species composition, probably because species are recruited from a large species pool during thousands of years. Swamp forest is proposed as a broad term for all peatlands with trees, including mire margin, from which it is essentially indistinguishable. Similarities with, and differences from, open mire and forest on mineral soil are discussed. Some unique features of swamp forests are pointed out. A classification of swamp forests into eight site-types by division of the two main gradients is proposed. Descriptions are provided for the six site-types encountered in the study area. All intact richer swamp forests and a representative selection of poor swamp forests should be protected if maintenance of the biological diversity of (coniferous) forests in general, and swamp forests in particular, is aimed at.

The vascular flora and vegetation of Ile de Croy, Iies Kerguelen

Polar Record ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (149) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Delarue
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Subantarctic Islands ◽  
Distribution And Ecology

AbstractIn a botanical field survey of Ile de Croy, Iles Kerguelen, from 17 November to 14 December 1984, 14 of the 29 species of vascular plants known from the archipelago were recorded. None of the eight Kerguelen species of pteridophytes and no introduced species were present. Four major natural plant associations were identified. Notes are given on the habitats, distribution and ecology of each species, and comparisons are made with mainland Kerguelen and neighbouring subantarctic islands. The significance for conservation of this relatively undisturbed island is discussed.

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