scholarly journals Plant-pollinator Vocabulary - a Contribution to Interaction Data Standardization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Augusto Salim ◽  
Paula Zermoglio ◽  
Debora Drucker ◽  
Filipi Soares ◽  
Antonio Saraiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Human demands on resources such as food and energy are increasing through time while global challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss are becoming more complex to overcome, as well as more widely acknowledged by societies and governments. Reports from initiatives like the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) have demanded quick and reliable access to high-quality spatial and temporal data of species occurrences, their interspecific relations and the effects of the environment on biotic interactions. Mapping species interactions is crucial to understanding and conserving ecosystem functioning and all the services it can provide (Tylianakis et al. 2010, Slade et al. 2017). Detailed data has the potential to improve our knowledge about ecological and evolutionary processes guided by interspecific interactions, as well as to assist in planning and decision making for biodiversity conservation and restoration (Menz et al. 2011). Although a great effort has been made to successfully standardize and aggregate species occurrence data, a formal standard to support biotic interaction data sharing and interoperability is still lacking. There are different biological interactions that can be studied, such as predator-prey, host-parasite and pollinator-plant and there is a variety of data practices and data representation procedures that can be used. Plant-pollinator interactions are recognized in many sources from the scientific literature (Abrol 2012, Ollerton 2021) for the importance of ecosystem functioning and sustainable agriculture. Primary data about pollination are becoming increasingly available online and can be accessed from a great number of data repositories. While a vast quantity of data on interactions, and on pollination in particular, is available, data are not integrated among sources, largely because of a lack of appropriate standards. We present a vocabulary of terms for sharing plant-pollinator interactions using one of the existing extensions to the Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012). In particular, the vocabulary is meant to be used for the term measurementType of the Extended Measurement Or Facts extension. The vocabulary was developed by a community of specialists in pollination biology and information science, including members of the TDWG Biological Interaction Data Interest Group, during almost four years of collaborative work. The vocabulary introduces 40 new terms, comprising many aspects of plant-pollinator interactions, and can be used to capture information produced by studies with different approaches and scales. The plant-pollinator interactions vocabulary is mainly a set of terms that can be both understood by people or interpreted by machines. The plant-pollinator vocabulary is composed of a defining a set of terms and descriptive documents explaining how the vocabulary is to be used. The terms in the vocabulary are divided into six categories: Animal, Plants, Flower, Interaction, Reproductive Success and Nectar Dynamics. The categories are not formally part of the vocabulary, they are used only to organize the vocabulary and to facilitate understanding by humans. We expect that the plant-pollinator vocabulary will contribute to data aggregation from a variety of sources worldwide at higher levels than we have experienced, significantly amplify plant-pollinator data availability for global synthesis, and contribute to knowledge in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Brazilian Network on Plant-Pollinator Interactions: an update on the initiative of a standard for plant-pollinator interactions data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25343
Author(s):  
José Augusto Salim ◽  
Antonio Saraiva ◽  
Kayna Agostini ◽  
Marina Wolowski ◽  
Allan Veiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Data Standard ◽  
Essential Biodiversity Variables ◽  
Biodiversity Change ◽  
Plant Pollinator

The Brazilian Plant-Pollinator Interactions Network*1 (REBIPP) aims to develop scientific and teaching activities in plant-pollinator interaction. The main goals of the network are to: generate a diagnosis of plant-pollinator interactions in Brazil; integrate knowledge in pollination of natural, agricultural, urban and restored areas; identify knowledge gaps; support public policy guidelines aimed at the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services for pollination and food production; and encourage collaborative studies among REBIPP participants. To achieve these goals the group has resumed and built on previous works in data standard definition done under the auspices of the IABIN-PTN (Etienne Américo et al. 2007) and FAO (Saraiva et al. 2010) projects (Saraiva et al. 2017). The ultimate goal is to standardize the ways data on plant-pollinator interactions are digitized, to facilitate data sharing and aggregation. A database will be built with standardized data from Brazilian researchers members of the network to be used by the national community, and to allow sharing data with data aggregators. To achieve those goals three task groups of specialists with similar interests and background (e.g botanists, zoologists, pollination biologists) have been created. Each group is working on the definition of the terms to describe plants, pollinators and their interactions. The glossary created explains their meaning, trying to map the suggested terms into Darwin Core (DwC) terms, and following the TDWG Standards Documentation Standard*2 in definition. Reaching a consensus on terms and their meaning among members of each group is challenging, since researchers have different views and concerns about which data are important to be included into a standard. That reflects the variety of research questions that underlie different projects and the data they collect. Thus, we ended up having a long list of terms, many of them useful only in very specialized research protocols and experiments, sometimes rarely collected or measured. Nevertheless we opted to maintain a very comprehensive set of terms, so that a large number of researchers feel that the standard meets their needs and that the databases based on it are a suitable place to store their data, thus encouraging the adoption of the data standard. An update of the work will soon be available at REBIPP website and will be open for comments and contributions. This proposal of a data standard is also being discussed within the TDWG Biological Interaction Data Interest Group*3 in order to propose an international standard for species interaction data. The importance of interaction data for guiding conservation practices and ecosystem services provision management has led to the proposal of defining Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) related to biological interactions. Essential Biodiversity Variables (Pereira et al. 2013) were developed to identify key measurements that are required to monitoring biodiversity change. EBVs act as intermediate abstract layer between primary observations (raw data) and indicators (Niemeijer 2002). Five EBV classes have been defined in an initial stage: genetic composition, species populations, species traits, community composition, ecosystem function and ecosystem structure. Each EBV class defines a list of candidate EBVs for biodiversity change monitoring (Fig. 1). Consequently, digitalization of such data and making them available online are essential. Differences in sampling protocols may affect data scalability across space and time, hence imposing barriers to the full use of primary data and EBVs calculation (Henry et al. 2008). Thus, common protocols and methods should be adopted as the most straightforward approach to promote integration of collected data and to allow calculation of EBVs (Jürgens et al. 2011). Recently a Workshop was held by GLOBIS B*4 (GLOBal Infrastructures for Supporting Biodiversity research) to discuss Species Interactions EBVs (February, 26-28, Bari, Italy). Plant-pollinator interactions deserved a lot of attention and REBIPP's work was presented there. As an outcome we expect to define specific EBVs for interactions, and use plant-pollinators as an example, considering pairwise interactions as well as interaction network related variables. The terms in the plant-pollinator data standard under discussion at REBIPP will provide information not only on EBV related with interactions, but also on other four EBV classes: species populations, species traits, community composition, ecosystem function and ecosystem structure. As we said, some EBVs for specific ecosystem functions (e.g. pollination) lay beyond interactions network structures. The EBV 'Species interactions' (EBV class 'Community composition') should incorporate other aspects such as frequency (Vázquez et al. 2005), duration and empirical estimates of interaction strengths (Berlow et al. 2004). Overall, we think the proposed plant-pollinator interaction data standard which is currently being developed by REBIPP will contribute to data aggregation, filling many data gaps and can also provide indicators for long-term monitoring, being an essential source of data for EBVs.

scholarly journals On the temporally flexible structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. CaraDonna ◽  
Nickolas M. Waser
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Flexibility ◽  
Plant Pollinator

AbstractEcological communities consist of species that are joined in complex networks of interspecific interaction. The interactions that networks depict often form and dissolve rapidly, but this temporal variation is not well integrated into our understanding of the causes and consequences of network structure. If interspecific interactions exhibit temporal flexibility across time periods over which organisms co-occur, then the emergent structure of the corresponding network may also be temporally flexible, something that a temporally-static perspective would miss. Here, we use an empirical system to examine short-term flexibility in network structure (connectance, nestedness, and specialization), and in individual species interactions that contribute to that structure. We investigated weekly plant-pollinator networks in a subalpine ecosystem across three summer growing seasons. To link the interactions of individual species to properties of their networks, we examined weekly temporal variation in species’ contributions to network structure. As a test of the potential robustness of networks to perturbation, we also simulated the random loss of species from weekly networks. We then compared the properties of weekly networks to the properties of cumulative networks that aggregate field observations over each full season. A week-to-week view reveals considerable flexibility in the interactions of individual species and their contributions to network structure. For example, species that would be considered relatively generalized across their entire activity period may be much more specialized at certain times, and at no point as generalized as the cumulative network may suggest. Furthermore, a week-to-week view reveals corresponding temporal flexibility in network structure and potential robustness throughout each summer growing season. We conclude that short-term flexibility in species interactions leads to short-term variation in network properties, and that a season-long, cumulative perspective may miss important aspects of the way in which species interact, with implications for understanding their ecology, evolution, and conservation.

scholarly journals Data reuse and scholarly reward: understanding practice and building infrastructure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J Vision ◽  
Heather A Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Data Reuse ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Data Citation ◽  
Total Impact

Recently introduced funding agency policies seek to increase the availability of data from individual published studies for reuse by the research community at large. The success of such policies can be measured both by data input (“is useful data being made available?”) and research output (“are these data being reused by others?”). A key determinant of data input is the extent to which data producers receive adequate professional credit for making data available. One of us (HP) previously reported a large citation difference for published microarray studies with and without data available in a public repository. Analysis of a much larger sample, with more covariates, provides a more reliable estimate of this citation boost, as well as additional insights into patterns of reuse and how the availability of data affects publication impact. A more recent study tracking the reuse of 100 datasets from each of ten different primary data repositories reveals large variation in patterns of reuse and citation. Our findings (a) illuminate ways in which the reuses of archived data tend to differ in purpose from that of the original producers; (b) inform data archiving policy, such as how long data embargoes need to be in order to protect the proprietary interests of producers; (c) and allow us to answer the vexing question of what the return on investment is for data archiving. In conducting these studies, we have become aware of gaps in data citation practice and infrastructure that limit the extent to which researchers receive credit for their contributions. We describe early efforts to bake good data citation and usage tracking into cyberinfrastructure as part of DataONE, the Data Observation Network for Earth. Finally, we introduce total-impact, a tool that allows researchers to track the diverse impacts of all their research outputs, including data, and empowers them to be recognized for their scholarly work on their own terms. Software and Data Availability: Research software and data: https://github.com/hpiwowar (CCZero for data where possible, MIT for code); Dryad: new BSD license: http://code.google.com/p/dryad; DataONE: Apache license: http://www.dataone.org/developer-resources; total-impact: MIT license: https://github.com/total-impact. This is an abstract that was submitted to the iEvoBio 2012 conference, held on July 10-11, 2012, in Ottawa, Canada.

scholarly journals A common framework for identifying linkage rules across different types of interactions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignasi Bartomeus ◽  
Dominique Gravel ◽  
Jason Tylianakis ◽  
Marcelo Aizen ◽  
Ian Dickie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Wrong Reason

Species interactions, ranging from antagonisms to mutualisms, form the architecture of biodiversity and determine ecosystem functioning. Understanding the rules responsible for who interacts with whom, as well as the functional consequences of these interspecific interactions, is central to predicting community dynamics and stability. Species traitssensu latomay affect different ecological processes determining species interactions through a two-step process. First, ecological and life-history traits govern species distributions and abundance, and hence determine species co-occurrence, which is a prerequisite for them to interact. Second, morphological traits between co-occurring potential interaction partners should match for the realization of an interaction. Moreover, inferring functioning from a network of interactions may require the incorporation of interaction efficiency. This efficiency may be also trait-mediated, and can depend on the extent of matching, or on morphological, physiological or behavioural traits. It has been shown that both neutral and trait-based models can predict the general structure of networks, but they rarely accurately predict individual interactions, suggesting that these models may be predicting the right structure for the wrong reason. We propose to move away from testing null models with a framework that explicitly models the probability of interaction among individuals given their traits. The proposed models integrate both neutral and trait-matching constraints while using only information about known interactions, thereby overcoming problems originating from under-sampling of rare interactions (i.e. missing links). They can easily accommodate qualitative or quantitative data, and can incorporate trait variation within species, such as values that vary along developmental stages or environmental gradients. We use three case studies to show that they can detect strong trait matching (e.g. predator-prey system), relaxed trait matching (e.g. herbivore-plant system) and barrier trait matching (e.g. plant-pollinator systems). Only by elucidating which species traits are important in each process, i.e. in determining interaction establishment, frequency, and efficiency, can we advance in explaining how species interact and the consequences for ecosystem functioning.

scholarly journals Impact of artificial light at night on diurnal plant-pollinator interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Giavi ◽  
Colin Fontaine ◽  
Eva Knop
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Pollinator Community ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Commercial Street

AbstractArtificial light at night has rapidly spread around the globe over the last decades. Evidence is increasing that it has adverse effects on the behavior, physiology, and survival of animals and plants with consequences for species interactions and ecosystem functioning. For example, artificial light at night disrupts plant-pollinator interactions at night and this can have consequences for the plant reproductive output. By experimentally illuminating natural plant-pollinator communities during the night using commercial street-lamps we tested whether light at night can also change interactions of a plant-pollinator community during daytime. Here we show that artificial light at night can alter diurnal plant-pollinator interactions, but the direction of the change depends on the plant species. We conclude that the effect of artificial light at night on plant-pollinator interactions is not limited to the night, but can also propagate to the daytime with so far unknown consequences for the pollinator community and the diurnal pollination function and services they provide.

scholarly journals Harnessing multilayer networks to predict metacommunity responses to global environmental change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler McFadden ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Multilayer Networks ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Pollinator Community

Species interact both within and across communities, forming complex networks of biotic interactions and spatial links that underpin ecosystem functioning. However, while recent technological advances permit the analysis of increasingly complex and realistic ecological networks, data availability remains a major challenge. Here, we present a novel approach that uses readily available ecological data to build spatially-structured species interaction networks and predict metacommunity responses to environmental change. Predictive Multilayer Networks (PMNs) model the distributions, interspecific interactions, and spatial connectivity of multiple species across a landscape and quantify network structure and stability. We provide a proof-of-concept using a simulated plant-pollinator community, measure network centrality to identify areas of high functional connectivity, and compare land cover scenarios to predict effects of forest loss and restoration on PMN connectance and robustness. PMNs synthesize network approaches from community and landscape ecology and offer a flexible, predictive approach for examining the spatial dynamics of species interactions.

scholarly journals Data reuse and scholarly reward: understanding practice and building infrastructure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J Vision ◽  
Heather A Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Data Reuse ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Funding Agency ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Data Archiving ◽  
Research Software ◽  
Data Citation ◽  
Total Impact

Recently introduced funding agency policies seek to increase the availability of data from individual published studies for reuse by the research community at large. The success of such policies can be measured both by data input (“is useful data being made available?”) and research output (“are these data being reused by others?”). A key determinant of data input is the extent to which data producers receive adequate professional credit for making data available. One of us (HP) previously reported a large citation difference for published microarray studies with and without data available in a public repository. Analysis of a much larger sample, with more covariates, provides a more reliable estimate of this citation boost, as well as additional insights into patterns of reuse and how the availability of data affects publication impact. A more recent study tracking the reuse of 100 datasets from each of ten different primary data repositories reveals large variation in patterns of reuse and citation. Our findings (a) illuminate ways in which the reuses of archived data tend to differ in purpose from that of the original producers; (b) inform data archiving policy, such as how long data embargoes need to be in order to protect the proprietary interests of producers; (c) and allow us to answer the vexing question of what the return on investment is for data archiving. In conducting these studies, we have become aware of gaps in data citation practice and infrastructure that limit the extent to which researchers receive credit for their contributions. We describe early efforts to bake good data citation and usage tracking into cyberinfrastructure as part of DataONE, the Data Observation Network for Earth. Finally, we introduce total-impact, a tool that allows researchers to track the diverse impacts of all their research outputs, including data, and empowers them to be recognized for their scholarly work on their own terms. Software and Data Availability: Research software and data: https://github.com/hpiwowar (CCZero for data where possible, MIT for code); Dryad: new BSD license: http://code.google.com/p/dryad; DataONE: Apache license: http://www.dataone.org/developer-resources; total-impact: MIT license: https://github.com/total-impact. This is an abstract that was submitted to the iEvoBio 2012 conference, held on July 10-11, 2012, in Ottawa, Canada.

scholarly journals Topographic Effects on the Spatial Species Associations in Diverse Heterogeneous Tropical Evergreen Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Hai ◽  
Yousef Erfanifard ◽  
Van Bac Bui ◽  
Trinh Hien Mai ◽  
Any Mary Petritan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Topographic Effects ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Partial Overlap

Studying spatial patterns and habitat association of plant communities may provide understanding of the ecological mechanisms and processes that maintain species coexistence. To conduct assessments of correlation between community compositions and habitat association, we used data from two topographically different plots with 2 ha area in tropical evergreen forests with the variables recorded via grid systems of 10 × 10 m subplots in Northern-Central Vietnam. First, we tested the relationship between community composition and species diversity indices considering the topographical variables. We then assessed the interspecific interactions of 20 dominant plant species using the nearest-neighbor distribution function, Dij(r), and Ripley’s K-function, Kij(r). Based on the significant spatial association of species pairs, indices of interspecific interaction were calculated by the quantitative amounts of the summary statistics. The results showed that (i) community compositions were significantly influenced by the topographic variables and (ii) almost 50% significant pairs of species interactions were increased with increasing spatial scales up to 10–15 m, then declined and disappeared at scales of 30–40 m. Segregation and partial overlap were the dominant association types and disappeared at larger spatial scales. Spatial segregation, mixing, and partial overlap revealed the important species interactions in maintaining species coexistence under habitat heterogeneity in diverse forest communities.

scholarly journals Economic valuation and mapping of Ecosystem Services in the context of protected area management (Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede, Portugal)

One Ecosystem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marta-Pedroso ◽  
Lia Laporta ◽  
Ivo Gama ◽  
Tiago Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Park

Demonstrating economic benefits generated by protected areas is often pointed out as pivotal for supporting decision-making. We argue in this paper that the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, provides a consistent framework to approach this issue as it links ecosystem functioning and benefits, including benefits with economic value. This study aimed at providing evidence on how to bring the economic value of protected areas to the decision-making process and contributing to extend current EU Member States' experience in mapping and assessing the economic value of ES in the context of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (Action 5). In doing so, we used the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (PNSSM), located in the Alentejo NUTS II region, as a case study. We followed a three-step approach to pursue our goals, entailing stakeholders' engagement for selecting relevant ES (through a participatory workshop), biophysical mapping of ES flows (based on a multi-tiered approach depending on data availability) and spatial economic estimation of such flows (using value transfer, willingness-to-pay and market price methods). Our results indicate that the ES with highest economic value are not always the ones with higher perceived value by stakeholders. For most ES, the economic value increased with increasing protection level within the park, except for the crop production service. Although no formal uncertainty or sensitivity analysis has been performed, the following range is based on a critical assessment of non-primary data used. We estimated the aggregate annual value of PNSSM to be 11 to 33M€/year (representing 0.1 to 0.3% of the regional NUTSII Alentejo Gross Domestic Product). Our findings reinforce the need to adopt mixes of monetary and non-monetary valuation processes and not to rely just on one approach or measure of value while bringing ES into protected areas management.

scholarly journals Adding the “where” to the “who and what”. Considering the seascape can help the study of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrario ◽  
Thew Suskiewicz ◽  
Yuri Rzhanov ◽  
Ladd E Johnson ◽  
Philippe Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Geomorphological Features ◽  
Habitat Compensation

Whether we want to conserve, restore or enhance biodiversity, or use it to assess the environmental status of our coasts, the indissoluble link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is influenced by the spatial context of an ecosystem (the seascape). Using field-based research conducted in subarctic regions, we will show how the seascape can modulate species interactions which impair the habitat-forming functions of kelp. Specifically, bottom heterogeneity modulates top-down grazer control impacting the functioning of artificial structures as habitats for canopy-forming seaweeds in habitat compensation efforts. Unfortunately, coastal habitat maps from which seascape information could be obtained are often non-existant or are coarse in scale. We thus present how optical imagery-derived photomosaics can be used to map biological and geomorphological features over continuous and wide areas. Moreover, photomosaics can reveal patterns of local distribution of benthic species that can be useful when assessing biodiversity to evaluate the environmental status in coastal areas. Seascape context is thus a determining element which will improve our ability to maintain ecosystem functioning and services and inform coastal management.

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