Building FAIR Functionality: Annotating Events in Time Series Data Using Hierarchical Event Descriptors (HED)

Human electrophysiological and related time series data are often acquired in complex, event-rich environments. However, the resulting recorded brain or other dynamics are often interpreted in relation to more sparsely recorded or subsequently-noted events. Currently a substantial gap exists between the level of event description required by current digital data archiving standards and the level of annotation required for successful analysis of event-related data across studies, environments, and laboratories. Manifold challenges must be addressed, most prominently ontological clarity, vocabulary extensibility, annotation tool availability, and overall usability, to allow and promote sharing of data with an effective level of descriptive detail for labeled events. Motivating data authors to perform the work needed to adequately annotate their data is a key challenge. This paper describes new developments in the Hierarchical Event Descriptor (HED) system for addressing these issues. We recap the evolution of HED and its acceptance by the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) movement, describe the recent release of HED-3G, a third generation HED tools and design framework, and discuss directions for future development. Given consistent, sufficiently detailed, tool-enabled, field-relevant annotation of the nature of recorded events, prospects are bright for large-scale analysis and modeling of aggregated time series data, both in behavioral and brain imaging sciences and beyond.

Is it the Thought that Counts? An evaluation of Digital Archaeological Data Archiving in Catalonia

Archaeological data archiving has not been a major concern in Catalonia. The heritage legal corpus does not engage with the archiving and curation of archaeological data other than the excavation reports. However, it highlights the responsibility of the administration in cataloguing and disseminating the cultural heritage. For this reason, a lot of effort has been invested during the past few years in inventorying known archaeological sites and publishing archaeological reports, with the aim of increasing the transparency of the administration towards its citizens. This article describes the present situation for archaeology in Catalonia, its legal framework and the main initiatives carried out to archive, manage, and publish archaeological data from a user's point of view. Its main aim is to evaluate the current state of archaeological data archives and public databases by analysing the existing platforms with a set of indicators. This assessment leads to the conclusion that the current repositories and databases could be more worthwhile if some limitations were overcome, but also that the advance in archaeological data archiving is restricted by existing law.

Enhanced remote astronomical archive system based on the file-level Unlimited Sliding-Window technique

Data archiving is one of the most critical issues for modern astronomical observations. With the development of a new generation of radio telescopes, the transfer and archiving of massive remote data have become urgent problems to be solved. Herein, we present a practical and robust file-level flow-control approach, called the Unlimited Sliding-Window (USW), by referring to the classic flow-control method in the TCP protocol. Based on the USW and the Next Generation Archive System (NGAS) developed for the Murchison Widefield Array telescope, we further implemented an enhanced archive system (ENGAS) using ZeroMQ middleware. The ENGAS substantially improves the transfer performance and ensures the integrity of transferred files. In the tests, the ENGAS is approximately three to twelve times faster than the NGAS and can fully utilize the bandwidth of network links. Thus, for archiving radio observation data, the ENGAS reduces the communication time, improves the bandwidth utilization, and solves the remote synchronous archiving of data from observatories such as Mingantu spectral radioheliograph. It also provides a better reference for the future construction of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Science Regional Center.

Bringing sedimentology and stratigraphy into the StraboSpot data management system

The StraboSpot data system provides field-based geologists the ability to digitally collect, archive, query, and share data. Recent efforts have expanded this data system with the vocabulary, standards, and workflow utilized by the sedimentary geology community. A standardized vocabulary that honors typical workflows for collecting sedimentologic and stratigraphic field and laboratory data was developed through a series of focused workshops and vetted/refined through subsequent workshops and field trips. This new vocabulary was designed to fit within the underlying structure of StraboSpot and resulted in the expansion of the existing data structure. Although the map-based approach of StraboSpot did not fully conform to the workflow for sedimentary geologists, new functions were developed for the sedimentary community to facilitate descriptions, interpretations, and the plotting of measured sections to document stratigraphic position and relationships between data types. Consequently, a new modality was added to StraboSpot— Strat Mode—which now accommodates sedimentary workflows that enable users to document stratigraphic positions and relationships and automates construction of measured stratigraphic sections. Strat Mode facilitates data collection and co-location of multiple data types (e.g., descriptive observations, images, samples, and measurements) in geographic and stratigraphic coordinates across multiple scales, thus preserving spatial and stratigraphic relationships in the data structure. Incorporating these digital technologies will lead to better research communication in sedimentology through a common vocabulary, shared standards, and open data archiving and sharing.

The International Phenological Garden network (1959 to 2021): its 131 gardens, cloned study species, data archiving, and future

Collaborative networks that involve the compilation of observations from diverse sources can provide important data, but are difficult to maintain over long periods. The International Phenological Garden (IPG) network, begun in 1959 and still functioning 60 years later, has been no exception. Here we document its history, its monitored 23 species (initially all propagated by cloning), and the locations and years of data contribution of its 131 gardens, of which 63 from 19 countries contributed data in 2021. The decision to use clones, rather than multiple, locally adapted individuals, was based on the idea that this would “control” for genetic effects, and it affects the applicability of the data and duration of the network. We also describe the overlap among the IPG network, the Pan-European Phenology network (PEP725), and the phenological data offered by the German Weather Service. Sustainable data storage and accessibility, as well as the continued monitoring of all 23 species/clones, are under discussion at the moment, as is the fate of other phenological networks, despite a politically mandatory plant-based climate-change monitoring.

Drivers and Distribution of Henipavirus-Induced Syncytia: What Do We Know?

Syncytium formation, i.e., cell–cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other pathogenic viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely used for the study of virus-induced membrane fusion in vitro. However, the role of syncytium formation in within-host dissemination and pathogenicity of viruses remains poorly understood. The diversity of henipaviruses and their wide host range and tissue tropism make them particularly appropriate models with which to characterize the drivers of syncytium formation and the implications for virus fitness and pathogenicity. Based on the henipavirus literature, we summarized current knowledge on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, mostly acquired from in vitro studies, and on the in vivo distribution of syncytia. While these data suggest that syncytium formation widely occurs across henipaviruses, hosts, and tissues, we identified important data gaps that undermined our understanding of the role of syncytium formation in virus pathogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose solutions of varying complexity to fill these data gaps, from better practices in data archiving and publication for in vivo studies, to experimental approaches in vitro.

THE GWAC DATA PROCESSING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

GWAC will have been built an integrated FOV of 5,000 degree2 and have already built 1,800 square degree2. The limit magnitude of a 10-second exposure image in the moonless night is 16R. In each observation night, GWAC produces about 0.7TB of raw data, and the data processing pipeline generates millions of single frame alerts. We describe the GWAC Data Processing and Management System (GPMS), including hardware architecture, database, detection-filtering-validation of transient candidates, data archiving, and user interfaces for the check of transient and the monitor of the system. GPMS combines general technology and software in astronomy and computer field, and use some advanced technologies such as deep learning. Practical results show that GPMS can fully meet the scientific data processing requirement of GWAC. It can online accomplish the detection, filtering and validation of millions of transient candidates, and feedback the final results to the astronomer in real-time. During the observation from October of 2018 to December of 2019, we have already found 102 transients.

WEB-Based Village Application at Singabangsa’s Village Head Office

The Application of Information Technology currently has been spread almost in all areas of administrative management is no exception At the head office of the village. However, the information and data archiving service of the resident at the Singabangsa Village Head Office which is still manual, resulted in the ineffectiveness of information can be submitted to the community and the slow pace of population data collection. Public Information needs and The enormous population growth makes the researcher aim to design a village information system that can deliver efficient and accurate population data and easy in updating data. To overcome the above problems it is necessary an automation system capable of providing village information services and population data which are classified according to category until can be calculated statistically quickly, accurately and efficiently. The purpose of this village information system to optimize information services by providing village information and population that can be accessed easily with precise and accurate. In this research the researcher applies research method in the form of observation method, interview, study literature, SWOT analysis, system analysis and system design. This system is designed by using PHP programming language as well as MySQL database. Benefits and advantages in the use of village-based information system (SID) is the process of information services can be done easily and search data demographics more accurate and faster. The final result of this research is a web village information system design (SID).

Data archiving and meta-data – saving the data for future use

This chapter covers the main aspects of data archiving, as the last phase of data handling in the process of urban drainage and stormwater management metrology. Data archiving is the process of preparing and storing the data for future use, usually not executed by the personnel who acquired the data. A data archive (also known as a data repository) can be defined as storage of a selected subset of raw, processed, validated and resampled data, with descriptions and other meta-data, linked to simulation results, if there are any. A data archive should be equipped with tools for search and data extraction along with procedures for data management, in order to maintain the database quality for an extended period of time. It is recommended, mostly for security reasons, to separate (both in a physical and in a digital sense) the archive database from the working database. This chapter provides the reader with relevant information about the most important issues related to data archive design, the archiving process and data characteristics regarding archiving. Also, the importance of good and comprehensive meta-data is underlined throughout the chapter. The management of a data archive is evaluated with a special focus on predicting future resources needed to keep the archive updated, secure, available, and in compliance with legal demands and limitations. At the end, a set of recommendations for creating and maintaining a data archive in the scope of urban drainage is given.

Drivers and Distribution of Henipavirus-Induced Syncytia: What Do We Know?

Syncytium formation, i.e., cell-cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other important viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely studied for virus-induced membrane fusion in vitro. However, the role of syncytium formation in within-host dissemination and pathogenicity of viruses remains poorly understood. The diversity of henipaviruses and their wide host range and tissue tropism make them particularly appropriate models to characterize the drivers of syncytium formation and its implications for virus fitness and pathogenicity. Based on the henipavirus literature, we summarized current knowledge on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, mostly acquired from in vitro studies, and on the in vivo distribution of syncytia. While these data suggest that syncytium formation widely occurs across henipaviruses, hosts and tissues, we identified important data gaps that undermined our understanding of the role of syncytium formation in virus pathogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose solutions of varying complexity to fill these data gaps, from better practices in data archiving and publication for in vivo studies, to experimental approaches in vitro.