scholarly journals Checklists of the Hymenoptera of Canada, Alaska and Greenland – Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Andrew M. R. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
North America ◽  
The State ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Total Species

The distribution of described, extant species of the insect order Hymenoptera recorded from northern North America will be published in a series of ten checklists. In total, 9250 species in 27 superfamilies and 84 families are recorded from Canada, the state of Alaska (USA) and Greenland (Denmark). Within northern North America, 8933 species are recorded in Canada (96.6% of the total species), Alaska has 1513 (16.4%) and Greenland has 205 (2.2%). Within Canada, Ontario is the province with the most species recorded (5322, 57.5% of all species in northern North America), followed by Quebec (4207, 45.5%) and British Columbia (4063, 43.9%). At the family level, Ontario has 82 of the 84 recorded families, Quebec has 76 and British Columbia has 71. The most species-rich superfamilies in northern North America are Ichneumonoidea (4438 species, 48.0% of the total); Apoidea (1438, 15.5%) and Chalcidoidea (1246, 13.5%). The largest families are Ichneumonidae (3201 species, 34.6% of the total), Braconidae (1237, 13.4%), Tenthredinidae (573, 6.2%), Eulophidae (379, 4.1%) and Pteromalidae (309, 3.3%). Overall species richness of the Hymenoptera in northern North America is compared with surveys in Russia, Germany, Finland and the British Isles.

scholarly journals Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a remnant of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Angelo Melo Soares ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Borges Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Marcela Regina de Melo Daher ◽  
Deoclécio de Queiroz Guerra ◽  
Stephen Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Total Species

The RPPN Carnijó (08° 07’ 07” S, 35° 05’ 32” N) is a 25 hectare fragment of Atlantic Forest located in the municipality of Moreno, Pernambuco. Bats were sampled at this site during a total of 19 months between 2006 and 2008. Four mist-nets were set for six hours each night along trails, the forest edge, natural clearings, and over watercourses, while roosts were located during daytime searches. A total of 518 specimens were captured during 43 nights, representing 20 species in 16 genera. Total species richness was estimated to be 25.7 ± 2.0, and diversity was H’ = 2.07. The family Phyllostomidae predominated, with 98% (N = 509) of the specimens captured. The species recorded represent 28% of the known chiropteran fauna of the state of Pernambuco. The results indicate that the reserve may play a fundamentally important role in the maintenance of local biodiversity by acting as a “stepping stone” linking the larger fragments within the local landscape.

Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from western North America, with a phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo-Qing ◽  
Mark V. H. Wilson ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Review of recently collected material of Eohiodon from North America suggests that there are two valid species, E. rosei (Hussakof) and E. woodroffi Wilson. Eohiodon falcatus Grande is identical to E. woodruffi in known skeletal features and nearly all meristic features and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter. The fossil genus Eohiodon Cavender differs from Hiodon Lesueur, which is known from both fossil and extant species, in numerous meristic and osteological features. The caudal skeleton in Eohiodon is nearly identical to that in Hiodon.The traditionally accepted Notopteroidei, containing Lycopteridae, Hiodontidae, and Notopteridae, is a polypheletic group. The Asian fossil family Lycopteridae is not more closely related to Hiodontidae than it is to other taxa in the Osteoglossomorpha, but is sister to all other Osteoglossomorpha. The Hiodontiformes sensu stricto, including only the family Hiodontidae, is the sister-group of the Osteoglossiformes. This family is not more closely related to notopterids than to other taxa in Osteoglossiformes. The Notopteridae are most closely related to the Mormyroidea; together they and the fossil family Ostariostomidae constitute the sister-group of the Osteoglossoidei.Fossil records of Hiodontiformes sensu stricto and Notopteroidei indicate a widespread pre-Neogene biogeographic range of these freshwater teleosts, suggesting that extinction must have been involved in the Cenozoic evolution of these two osteoglossomorph sublineages.

A New Gunnel, Pholis clemensi, from the Coast of Western North America

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Pholis clemensi, referred to the family Pholidae, is named and described from 12 specimens taken in southern British Columbia waters and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Pholis clemensi is compared with other members of the genus, and a key is given to the North American species.

Dipteran Pests: Families Tipulidae and Chloropidae

2020 ◽  
pp. 299-316
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Crane Flies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Athletic Fields ◽  
The Common ◽  
Considerable Damage

This chapter describes two invasive crane fly species which are pests of turfgrass, particularly in the northwestern and northeastern United States, as well as southern British Columbia and the metropolitan Toronto area in Canada. The European crane fly and the common or marsh crane fly, order Diptera, family Tipulidae, subfamily Tipulinae, have elongated maxillary palpi that distinguish members of this subfamily from other subfamilies. Larvae of invasive crane flies are sometimes called leatherjackets, in part because the pupae are leathery in appearance. Invasive crane flies have a relatively limited distribution in North America, but can cause considerable damage on golf courses, lawns, athletic fields, and sod farms, as well as forage fields and hayfields. The chapter also looks at the frit fly, which belongs to the family Chloropidae.

Identification of planktonic Mallomonadaceae and other Chrysophyceae from selected lakes in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia (Canada)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Donaldson ◽  
Janet R. Stein
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

Identification of the Mallomonadaceae of selected lakes in British Columbia reveals 20 species of the genera Chromophysomonas, Chrysosphaerella, Mallomonas, Mallomonopsis, Paraphysomonas, and Synura. The following eight taxa in the family are new records for British Columbia (* indicates those new to North America): Mallomonas asmundiae, M. doignonii var. tenuicostis, M. papillosa, M. transsylvanica, Mallomonopsis ouradion*, Paraphysomonas vestita, Synura glabra, S. splendida*. Thirteen additional Chrysophyceae were also present, with the most diversity observed being in the three lakes studied extensively (Whonock, Como, Munday).

scholarly journals Slowly but surely: gradual diversification and phenotypic evolution in the hyper-diverse tree fern family Cyatheaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Oriane Loiseau ◽  
Anna Weigand ◽  
Sarah Noben ◽  
Jonathan Rolland ◽  
Daniele Silvestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Diverse Groups

Abstract Background and Aims The tremendously unbalanced distribution of species richness across clades in the tree of life is often interpreted as the result of variation in the rates of diversification, which may themselves respond to trait evolution. Even though this is likely a widespread pattern, not all diverse groups of organisms exhibit heterogeneity in their dynamics of diversification. Testing and characterizing the processes driving the evolution of clades with steady rates of diversification over long periods of time are of importance in order to have a full understanding of the build-up of biodiversity through time. Methods We studied the macroevolutionary history of the species-rich tree fern family Cyatheaceae and inferred a time-calibrated phylogeny of the family including extinct and extant species using the recently developed fossilized birth–death method. We tested whether the high diversity of Cyatheaceae is the result of episodes of rapid diversification associated with phenotypic and ecological differentiation or driven by stable but low rates of diversification. We compared the rates of diversification across clades, modelled the evolution of body size and climatic preferences and tested for trait-dependent diversification. Key Results This ancient group diversified at a low and constant rate during its long evolutionary history. Morphological and climatic niche evolution were found to be overall highly conserved, although we detected several shifts in the rates of evolution of climatic preferences, linked to changes in elevation. The diversification of the family occurred gradually, within limited phenotypic and ecological boundaries, and yet resulted in a remarkable species richness. Conclusions Our study indicates that Cyatheaceae is a diverse clade which slowly accumulated morphological, ecological and taxonomic diversity over a long evolutionary period and provides a compelling example of the tropics as a museum of biodiversity.

Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4951 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-79
Author(s):  
S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD ◽  
VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Green River Formation ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Green River ◽  
The Family ◽  
Okanagan Highlands

Four new species of Raphidiidae are described from the early Eocene of western North America: Megaraphidia antiquissima sp. nov. from McAbee, M. ootsa sp. nov. from Driftwood Canyon, M. hopkinsi sp. nov. from the Allenby Formation (all from British Columbia, Canada), M. klondika sp. nov. from Republic (Washington, United States of America). Archiinocellia Handlirsch, 1910, Archiinocellia oligoneura Handlirsch, 1910 from Horsefly River (British Columbia, Canada), and A. protomaculata (Engel, 2011), comb. nov., from the Green River Formation (Colorado, United States of America) are redescribed. Archiinocellia is assigned to Raphidiidae, sit. nov. The apparent absence of sclerotized gonocoxites 9 in the Archiinocellia protomaculata male is probably plesiomorphic at the family level. As some modern snakeflies do not require a cold interval to complete their development and Eocene Inocelliidae and Raphidiidae lived in regions of warm winters (especially A. protomaculata), adaptation to cold winters in many modern snakeflies is a post-Eocene phenomenon. Eocene Raphidiidae of Europe (Priabonian) differ greatly from those of North America (Ypresian and Priabonian). This pattern might reflect dispersal in either direction or ranges established prior to continental separation. Eocene Inocelliidae of Europe (Priabonian), however, are more similar to those of North America (Ypresian and Lutetian). 

Mammalian faunal dynamics of the great American interchange

Paleobiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. David Webb
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Important Change ◽  
South American ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Land Mammal

The American interchange of land mammals reached its acme during the late Blancan and early Irvingtonian in North America and during the Chapadmalalan and Uquian in South America. It lasted about two million years and included taxa adapted to diverse habitats. It was preceded in the early Hemphillian in North America and the Huayquerian in South America by the interchange of a few heralding genera. The MacArthur-Wilson faunal equilibrium hypothesis correctly predicts a marked increase in originations, number of genera, and turnover rate for the South American fauna during the peak of the interchange. Subsequent further increases were not so predicted but closely resemble patterns also observed in late Pleistocene land mammals of Europe and North America. The continued increase in South American land mammal genera after the interchange had largely ceased resulted principally from autochthonous evolution of northern immigrant stocks. A marked decrease in South American ungulate genera (from thirteen to three) coincided with the appearance of fourteen northern ungulate genera and therefore appears to be a replacement phenomenon. The area/diversity relationship predicts no important change in generic diversity if a maximum of only nine percent of North America is occupied by the interamerican mingled fauna. At the family level, however, diversity is seriously overestimated due to the nomenclatural artifact of increased relative diversity by filtering.

REVISION OF THE CHIGGER-LIKE LARVAE OF THE GENERA NEOTROMBIDIUM LEONARDI AND MONUNGUIS WHARTON, WITH A REDEFINITION OF THE SUBFAMILY NEOTROMBIDIINAE FEIDER IN THE TROMBIDIIDAE (ACARINA: PROSTIGMATA)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1557-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Lindquist ◽  
P. H. Vercammen-Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Caribbean Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One

AbstractThe trombidiid subfamily Neotrombidiinae Feider is re-established and redefined, based primarily on larval characters but also on adult characters. It is closely related to the trombidiid Trombellinae on the one hand and to the Leeuwenhoekidae on the other. It consists of two genera, namely Monunguis Wharton, which is monobasic and known only from the larva, and Neotrombidium Leonardi, with 13 described species of which 7 are known from the larva and 8 from the adult (the larva and adult of 2 species are correlated by rearings).The history of the family-level placement of this group, and the controversy over whether or not to recognize two genera, are reviewed. The characters that justify the separate recognition of Monunguis and Neotrombidium are enumerated.The larva of each of the following species of Neotrombidiinae is described, illustrated and keyed: Monunguis streblida Wharton from the Caribbean area, Neotrombidium barringunense Hirst from Australia, N. tricuspidum Borland from North America, N. tenuipes (Womersley) from Malaya, N. samsinaki (Daniel) new combination from central Europe, N. anuroporum new species from Central America, N. bengalense new species from India, and N. tenebrione new species from eastern North America. Six other species of this group, known only from the adult, are listed separately but are not treated taxonomically here.The larvae of Neotrombidiinae parasitize adult insects: those of Monunguis are hyperparasites on streblid flies whereas those of Neotrombidium are ectoparasites of cerambycid, clerid, elaterid, and tenebrionid beetles that pass part of their life history under the bark of trees.In the Microtrombidiinae, Camerotrombidium Thor is noted as the valid replacement name for the preoccupied Ottonia Kramer.

scholarly journals Seasonal pattern of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelita Maria Linzmeier ◽  
Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
And Behavior

The aim of this paper was to describe the seasonal patterns of Chrysomelidae and of its most abundant species at eight sites in different geomorphological and floristic regions in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Samples with Malaise traps, from August 1986 to July 1988 were performed. The Chrysomelidae showed seasonal patterns with the highest abundance in the spring and/or summer at all sites, but with variations in the months of highest captures. Photoperiod was the variable that most influenced the seasonality of Chrysomelidae, and along with temperature and relative humidity, determined most of the seasonal patterns of the family at the different sites. Some dominant species of Chrysomelidae showed different seasonal pattern compared to the family level. A better knowledge of the seasonal distribution patterns of these species will only be possible when their life history, such as host plants and behavior, was better understood.

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