scholarly journals Functional traits of acquisitive invasive woody species differ from conservative invasive and native species

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 91-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

One of the most important sources of invasiveness is species’ functional traits and their variability. However there are still few studies on invasive tree species traits conducted along resource gradients that allow for a comparison of acquisitive and conservative strategies. We aimed to assess the differences in trait variation among native alien conservative and alien acquisitive tree species along resource availability gradients (soil fertility and light availability) and to assess the traits variability of the species studied along resources availability gradients. Our study compared invasive tree species in Europe (Prunusserotina Ehrh. Quercusrubra L. and Robiniapseudoacacia L.) with their native competitors (Acerpseudoplatanus L. A.platanoides L. Quercuspetraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Fagussylvatica L.). The study was conducted on 1329 seedlings and saplings collected in a system of 372 study plots in W Poland. For each individual we assessed leaf stem and root mass ratios total biomass leaf area ratio specific leaf area and projected leaf area. Two invasive species (P.serotina and R.pseudoacacia) represented a more acquisitive strategy than native species – along litter pH and light availability gradients these species had higher leaf mass fraction specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. In contrast Q.rubra had the highest total biomass and root mass fraction. Alien species usually had higher coefficients of variation of studied traits. This suggests that relatively high projected leaf area as a way of filling space and outcompeting native species may be reached in two ways – biomass allocation to leaves and control of leaf morphology or by overall growth rate. High variability of invasive species traits also suggests randomness in seedling survival which similarly to the neutral theory of invasion highlights the necessity of including randomness in modelling biological invasions.

scholarly journals Non-native and invasive tree species - their impact on biodiversity loss

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Milena Lakicevic ◽  
Emina Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Species Competition ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Invasive Tree Species ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity

The paper gives an overview of non-native and invasive tree species, and offers the basic data about their current presence in European forests. It deals with definitions and classifications and explains how these species can affect new environment with the emphasis on local biodiversity loss. The process of invasion is also explained, emphasizing that there is a lag phase in which a species does not reveal its invasiveness, which can last even a few centuries (for certain species). That is why it is important to monitor non-native species and prevent their further establishment. Invasive species are less likely to develop in habitats with intense inter-species competition over a long period of time, in undisturbed areas with high biodiversity, but also in areas with the lack of nutrients, light and water or in areas where these resources are being heavily exploited by local plant communities.

scholarly journals Habitat Preference of Great-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) and Lesser-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor Linnaeus, 1758) in the Presence of Invasive Plant Species - Preliminary Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Ónodi ◽  
Tibor Csörgő
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Foraging Niche ◽  
Dendrocopos Minor ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Invasive Tree Species ◽  
Dendrocopos Major

AbstractThis study was carried out in Hungary, in an old, unmanaged, riparian poplar-willow forest, where two invasive tree species, the green ash and the boxelder maple are presented and reproduce more effectively therefore are more abundant than the native species in the study area. There are also invasive hybrid wild grapes to be found. These invasive plants cause widespread problems in floodplain forests in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted and Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers. We investigated the following questions: Which tree species are preferred by the foraging birds? How are the foraging birds distributed spatially between the microhabitats? Are there any differences in terms of foraging niche utilization between the two studied species? We gathered our data through weekly standard observations throughout two whole years. Based on our findings we could determine that both species preferred the less abundant native trees rather than the invasive ash and maple trees, though Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers preferred hybrid wild grapes the most. Great-spotted Woodpeckers preferred the middle heights of the trees, they also moved mainly on trunks. Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers used the thinnest branches in the canopy. Based on our results we predict that the decrease of the native tree species may create a suboptimal habitat compared to the current situation. As the studied species are the major cavity excavators, the above mentioned changes will probably have significant effects on numerous cavity dependent species.

scholarly journals Similar Impacts of Alien and Native Tree Species on Understory Light Availability in a Temperate Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyderski ◽  
Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

Research Highlights: We evaluated influence of alien and native trees and shrubs on stand leaf area index to basal area ratio, indicating that both groups provide similar amounts of foliage. Background and Objectives: Foliage traits determine tree species effect on understory light availability. Direct comparisons of understory light availability due to different foliage traits of tree species are conducted less often at the stand level. We hypothesized that light availability is driven by canopy leaf area, and alien species contribution to canopy foliage will be similar to native species due to analogous patterns of biomass allocation in tree species. Materials and Methods: We studied forests dominated by alien and native tree species in Wielkopolski National Park (Western Poland). We measured light availability using the LAI-2200 canopy analyzer (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) and we calculated leaf area index (LAI) in 170 stands using published models of foliage biomass and data on specific leaf area. Results: Our study confirmed an impact of LAI on light availability in the understory layer. Analyzing the proportion of contribution to stand LAI and basal area (BA) we found that most alien species did not differ in LAI to BA ratio from native species. The exception was Prunus serotina Ehrh., with a LAI to BA ratio higher than all native and alien trees. However, the highest LAI to BA ratios we found were for the alien shrub Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl. and native shrubs of fertile broadleaved forests. Conclusions: Our study showed that alien species contribution to shading the understory is comparable to native species, with the exception of P. serotina due to its dominance in the higher shrub canopy strata where it exhibits different patterns of biomass allocation than native trees. Our study explained that invasive tree species impact on light availability in forest ecosystems is mainly mediated by the increased quantity of foliage, not by more effective LAI to BA ratio.

scholarly journals Impacts of alien tree species on the abundance and diversity of terricolous bryophytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

AbstractBryophytes comprise an important element of temperate forest biodiversity and functioning. Although numerous studies reported impacts of alien tree species on understorey vegetation, few focused on impacts on bryophytes. Here we checked whether three invasive tree species in Europe (Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus rubra L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L.) influence terricolous bryophyte communities, alpha and beta diversity, and cover. We used a set of 186 study plots in western Poland with data on the cover of bryophytes species, as well as light availability, soil C:N ratio and pH. We found that light availability was the main driver of bryophyte species richness, cover and composition. Poor Pinus sylvestris L. forests invaded by P. serotina hosted more species and higher species richness than non-invaded P. sylvestris forests, while forests invaded by Q. rubra and R. pseudoacacia hosted fewer species than native forest types. Low differences among forest types studied resulted from small pools of species and the presence of generalist species. Fagus sylvatica L. forest, Q. rubra and R. pseudoacacia forests hosted the smallest number of species, while the most species rich stands were poor P. sylvestris forest invaded by P. serotina and non-invaded P. sylvestris forests. We concluded that light limitation by invasive species might be more important than dominant tree species identity in limiting terricolous bryophyte species richness and abundance. This requires further studies, accounting for varied abundances of invasive tree species. Therefore, the conservation of sites with high terricolous bryophyte biodiversity needs to be focused on canopy cover.

scholarly journals Elucidating the native sources of an invasive tree species, Acacia pycnantha, reveals unexpected native range diversity and structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Ndlovu ◽  
David M. Richardson ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
Martin O'Leary ◽  
Johannes J. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Leaf litter of invasive Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) negatively affects hatching success of an aquatic breeding anuran, the Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Adams ◽  
D. Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Chinese Tallow ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an aggressive invasive tree species that can be abundant in parts of its non-native range. This tree species has the capability of producing monocultures, by outcompeting native trees, which can be in or near wetlands that are utilized by breeding amphibians. Existing research suggests that leaf litter from invasive Chinese tallow reduces survival in larval anurans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Chinese tallow leaf litter on anuran eggs. We exposed eggs of the Southern Leopard Frog ( Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope, 1886)) at various stages of development to different concentrations of Chinese tallow leaf litter to determine survival. Eggs in the earliest stages of development that we exposed to tallow leaf litter died, regardless of concentration; however, some more-developed eggs exposed to tallow leaf litter did hatch. We determined that the greater the concentration of tallow leaf litter, the lower the dissolved oxygen and pH levels we observed. We suggest that changes in these water-quality parameters are the cause of the observed mortality of anuran eggs in our experiments. Eggs exposed to water containing tallow leaf litter with dissolved oxygen <1.59 mg/L and a pH <5.29 did not survive to hatching.

scholarly journals Response of Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera) and Coexisting Natives to Competition, Shade, and Flooding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyi O Ajala ◽  
Kathryn R Kidd ◽  
Brian P Oswald ◽  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jeremy P Stovall
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Chinese Tallow ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Water Tupelo

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was designed to determine the interactive effect of light, flooding, and competition on the growth and performance of Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera [L.] Roxb.) and three tree species native to the southeastern United States: water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.), sugarberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall). The experiment used a factorial design that received two treatments: light (low irradiance or high irradiance) and flood (nonflooded and flooded) regimes. In the nonflooded and high irradiance treatment, changes in the growth (ground diameter, number of leaves, and total biomass) indicated that growth metrics of tallow were highest when growing with sugarberry and water tupelo but decreased when tallow was in competition with green ash. In contrast, competition with tallow reduced the height, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of water tupelo. The results showed that tallow had lower growth metrics when in competition with green ash at no apparent decrease in the growth of green ash except for growth rate. Our results suggest that tallow may be less competitive with certain native species and underplanting may be a possible opportunity for improving the success rates of native trees species establishment in areas prone to tallow invasion. Study Implications: Chinese tallow is a highly invasive tree species in the southeastern coastal states and in this study, we examined the growth and survival of tallow in competition with tree species native to the southeastern coastal states, USA. The growth of tallow differed greatly among native species in well-drained environments lacking forest overstory with lower growth metrics when grown with green ash but higher growth metrics when grown with water tupelo and sugarberry. Following density reduction treatments, we recommend management actions that promote the regeneration of native tree species to occupy the open vegetation canopy and suppress reestablishment of tallow.

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