scholarly journals The interplay between propagule pressure, seed predation and ectomycorrhizal fungi in plant invasion

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Jaime Moyano ◽  
Mariana C. Chiuffo ◽  
Nahuel Policelli ◽  
Martin A. Nuñez ◽  
Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Study Region

There are many hypotheses aiming to explain invasion success, but evaluating individual hypotheses in isolation may hinder our ability to understand why some species invade and others fail. Here we evaluate the interaction between propagule pressure, seed predation and missed mutualism in the invasion success of the pine, Pinusponderosa. We evaluated the independent and interactive effects of propagule pressure and seed predation at increasing distances from a pine plantation. Additionally, because pines are obligate mutualists with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) and pine invasions fail in the absence of their EMF symbionts, we evaluated EMF availability through a growth chamber bioassay. In this bioassay we measured root colonization by EMF with soil samples collected from the different distances from the plantation. We found that propagule pressure overwhelms seed predation only at the edge of the pine plantation, while seed predation overcomes propagule pressure at 25 m and further distances from the plantation. We also found that EMF root colonization decreases with distance from the plantation. However, pine roots were colonized up to 200 m from the plantation, suggesting that EMF may not be hindering invasion, at least not on the scale of this experiment. Taken together our results demonstrate that seed predation may be limiting the invasion of P.ponderosa in the study region as propagule pressure only overcomes seed predation at the plantation edge. Here we provide evidence of how strong biotic resistance can suppress an invasion, regardless of the variation in propagule pressure and the availability of mutualists.

scholarly journals Biotic resistance shapes the influence of propagule pressure on invasion success in bacterial communities

Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1743-1749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt L. Jones ◽  
Josep Ramoneda ◽  
Damian W. Rivett ◽  
Thomas Bell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success

scholarly journals Biotic resistance and vegetative propagule pressure co-regulate the invasion success of a marine clonal macrophyte

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Balestri ◽  
Flavia Vallerini ◽  
Virginia Menicagli ◽  
Sara Barnaba ◽  
Claudio Lardicci
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Vegetative Propagule

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE PLANT SPECIES OF KONDRANGHI HILLS, DINDUGUL DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Santhoshkumar S ◽  
Nagarajan N ◽  
Santhoshkumar K
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

The present study to investigated that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and spore population in some medicinal at Kondrangi hills Eastern Ghats of Dindugul district, Tamilnadu, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August, 2017-March, 2018 from the surfaceto 30 cm depth as well as pH were also recorded. Totally 32 plant species belonging to 21 families and 30 genera were identified. The present result showed arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and root colonization of all the plant species. A total of 20 AM fungal species belonging to 7genera and 2 different orders were recorded from the rhizosphere soil samples of this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Phyllanthus amarus (440 /100 g soil) which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and the lowest spore population was observed in the Tephrosia purpurea (110 /100g soil) belongs to Fabaceae. family. The highest 87% AM fungal infection was found in roots of Plumbago zeylanica belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. While the lowest 24% AM fungal association was found in the root of Striga angustifolia belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Response ofPinus patulaandP. maximinoiSeedlings at Nursery to Three Types of Ectomycorrhizal Inocula

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Restrepo-Llano ◽  
Nelson W. Osorio-Vega ◽  
Juan D. León-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
P Content ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization

The objective of this study was to assess the response in seedling growth, root colonization, and P content of seedlings ofPinus maximinoiandP. patulato the inoculation with three types of ectomycorrhizal inocula with three doses (17.5, 35, and 70 kg·m−3) in nursery. The first inoculum was soil from aPinusplantations that contained three ectomycorrhizal fungi (Amanita muscaria, Amanitasp.,andSuillus luteus); the second was a crude inoculum composed by root fragments ofPinusseedlings colonized byS. luteussuspended in a sterile matrix soil-sand; the third inoculum was a mixture of two ectomycorrhizal fungiA. muscariaandS. luteusproduced underin vitroconditions in the potato-dextrose-agar medium. The results showed that the inoculum producedin vitrowas most effective to promote plant growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization of roots in both plant species. Also, the effects on seedlings were significantly higher with the increase of the doses. InP. patulathere were not significant effects on foliar P content with type and dose of inocula, whereas inP. maximinoithere were interactive effects of both factors. In this case, better results were obtained with the inoculum produced underin vitroconditions and with the highest dose.

scholarly journals Analysis of propagule pressure and genetic diversity in the invasibility of a freshwater apex predator: the peacock bass (genus Cichla)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Carvalho ◽  
Denise A. A. Oliveira ◽  
Iracilda Sampaio ◽  
Luciano B. Beheregaray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Biological Variables

An important step in invasive biology is to assess biological variables that could be used to predict invasion success. The study of genetics, evolution, and interactions of invasive and native species in invaded ranges provides a unique opportunity to study processes in population genetics and the capability of a species' range expansion. Here, we used information from microsatellite DNA markers to test if genetic variation relates to propagule pressure in the successful invasion of an apex predator (the Amazonian cichlid Cichla) into Southeastern Brazilian River systems. Invasive populations of Cichla have negatively impacted many freshwater communities in Southeastern Brazil since the 1960s. Reduction of genetic variation was observed in all invasive populations for both Cichla kelberi (CK) and Cichla piquiti(CP). For instance, heterozygosity was lower in the invasive range when compared to native populations from the Amazon basin (CP HE= 0.179/0.44; CK HE= 0.258/0.536 respectively). Therefore, despite the successful invasion of Cichla in southeast Brazil, low genetic diversity was observed in the introduced populations. We suggest that a combination of factors, such as Cichla's reproductive and feeding strategies, the "evolutionary trap" effect and the biotic resistance hypothesis, overcome their depauperete genetic diversity, being key aspects in this apex predator invasion.

scholarly journals Relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic influence in determining the pattern of spread in a global invader

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Roura-Pascual ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Takayoshi Ikeda ◽  
Gwénaël Leday ◽  
David M. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Climatic Suitability ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Human Modification

Because invasive species threaten the integrity of natural ecosystems, a major goal in ecology is to develop predictive models to determine which species may become widespread and where they may invade. Indeed, considerable progress has been made in understanding the factors that influence the local pattern of spread for specific invaders and the factors that are correlated with the number of introduced species that have become established in a given region. However, few studies have examined the relative importance of multiple drivers of invasion success for widespread species at global scales. Here, we use a dataset of >5,000 presence/absence records to examine the interplay between climatic suitability, biotic resistance by native taxa, human-aided dispersal, and human modification of habitats, in shaping the distribution of one of the world's most notorious invasive species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). Climatic suitability and the extent of human modification of habitats are primarily responsible for the distribution of this global invader. However, we also found some evidence for biotic resistance by native communities. Somewhat surprisingly, and despite the often cited importance of propagule pressure as a crucial driver of invasions, metrics of the magnitude of international traded commodities among countries were not related to global distribution patterns. Together, our analyses on the global-scale distribution of this invasive species provide strong evidence for the interplay of biotic and abiotic determinants of spread and also highlight the challenges of limiting the spread and subsequent impact of highly invasive species.

scholarly journals Biotic Resistance of Native Communities and Alien Propagule Pressure are Consistent Predictors of Invasion Success During Grassland Establishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Liliana Rojas-Botero ◽  
Johannes Kollmann ◽  
Leonardo H. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Environmental Fluctuation ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Propagule Size ◽  
Key Driver

Abstract Invasive alien plants challenge ecosystems restoration. Thus, understanding factors determining the establishment of invasive plants is crucial to improve restoration outcomes. Some key drivers of invasibility of plant communities have been studied, but results are inconsistent, and combined effects have not been addressed. We investigated the contribution of three drivers of invasion success during early phases of restoration, i.e., biotic resistance, invasive propagule pressure, and environmental fluctuations.We compared the contribution of these drivers in a series of mesocosms experiments using designed grasslands as a model system, and Solidago gigantea as invasive model species. Two grassland communities were designed according to competitive trait hierarchies with different sowing patterns, reflecting variation in biotic resistance. We then manipulated invader propagule pressure and applied different scenarios of environmental fluctuation, i.e., flood, heat, and N fertilization. Alien biomass was considered as proxy for invasion success, while native biomass represented restoration success.There were consistent effects of biotic resistance to S. gigantea invasion via competitive trait hierarchies in the three experiments. Communities dominated by species with high-competition traits were more resistant regardless of environmental fluctuation. Clumped seeding of the native community reduced invasibility, whereas larger invasive propagule size increased invasion. The effects of environmental fluctuation were less consistent and context-dependent, thus playing a secondary role when compared to biological drivers of invasion. Restoration initiatives on grasslands impacted by invasive plants should consider biotic resistance of the restored community as a key driver and the importance of controlling further arrivals of invasive species during community assembly.

scholarly journals Dynamics of an experimental microbial invasion

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (37) ◽  
pp. 11594-11599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Acosta ◽  
Richard M. Zamor ◽  
Fares Z. Najar ◽  
Bruce A. Roe ◽  
K. David Hambright
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Microbial Invasion

The ecological dynamics underlying species invasions have been a major focus of research in macroorganisms for the last five decades. However, we still know little about the processes behind invasion by unicellular organisms. To expand our knowledge of microbial invasions, we studied the roles of propagule pressure, nutrient supply, and biotic resistance in the invasion success of a freshwater invasive alga, Prymnesium parvum, using microcosms containing natural freshwater microbial assemblages. Microcosms were subjected to a factorial design with two levels of nutrient-induced diversity and three levels of propagule pressure, and incubated for 7 d, during which P. parvum densities and microbial community composition were tracked. Successful invasion occurred in microcosms receiving high propagule pressure whereas nutrients or community diversity played no role in invasion success. Invaded communities experienced distinctive changes in composition compared with communities where the invasion was unsuccessful. Successfully invaded microbial communities had an increased abundance of fungi and ciliates, and decreased abundances of diatoms and cercozoans. Many of these changes mirrored the microbial community changes detected during a natural P. parvum bloom in the source system. This role of propagule pressure is particularly relevant for P. parvum in the reservoir-dominated southern United States because this species can form large, sustained blooms that can generate intense propagule pressures for downstream sites. Human impact and global climate change are currently causing widespread environmental changes in most southern US freshwater systems that may facilitate P. parvum establishment and, when coupled with strong propagule pressure, could put many more systems at risk for invasion.

scholarly journals Competitive trait hierarchies of native communities and invasive propagule pressure consistently predict invasion success during grassland establishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rojas-Botero ◽  
Johannes Kollmann ◽  
Leonardo H. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Environmental Fluctuation ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Early Phases

AbstractInvasive non-native plants challenge ecosystems restoration, and understanding the factors that determine the establishment of invasive plants is crucial to improve restoration outcomes. However, the drivers of invasibility of plant communities are not sufficiently clear, and combined effects are not understood. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the main drivers of invasion success during early phases of restoration, i.e., biotic resistance, invasive propagule pressure, and environmental fluctuations. We compared the contribution of these drivers in a series of mesocosms experiments using designed grasslands as a model system, and Solidago gigantea as invasive model species. Two grassland communities were designed according to competitive trait hierarchies with different sowing patterns, reflecting variation in biotic resistance. We then manipulated invader propagule pressure and applied different scenarios of environmental fluctuation, i.e., flood, heat, and N fertilization. Invasive biomass was considered as proxy for invasion success, while native biomass represented restoration success. There were consistent effects of biotic resistance to S. gigantea invasion via competitive trait hierarchies in the three experiments. Communities dominated by species with high-competition traits were more resistant regardless of environmental fluctuation. Clumped seeding of the native community reduced invasibility, whereas high non-native propagule density increased invasion. The effects of environmental fluctuation were less consistent and context-dependent, thus playing a secondary role when compared to biotic drivers of invasion. Restoration initiatives on grasslands impacted by invasive plants should consider biotic resistance of the restored community as a key driver and the importance of controlling further arrivals of invasive species during community assembly.

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