The impact of economic and demographic events in the biography of Russians on the level of their life satisfaction

The article examines anticipation and adaptation effects in relation to life satisfaction in case of economic (related to labour market) and demographic events in people’s lives. The author estimates how individuals feel in the vicinity of significant life events and tracks the asymmetry of results for women and men. The calculations are based on panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the period 2004–2019. Using pooled regression and the difference-in-differences approach, the author tests the hypothesis that men are more sensitive to economic events while women are more sensitive to demographic ones. The results indicate that there is no consistent asymmetry of effects for men and women. On average, citizens of Russia tend to anticipate events that will happen to them in the next three years. Generally, Russians do not adapt to new conditions after economic events, however, this does not apply to individual demographic shocks.

Download Full-text

The impact of education and labour market experience on earnings: what is the difference between men and women?

Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ◽

10.3233/sju-1998-15203 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 137-148

Author(s):

Christel Colin

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Men And Women ◽

Market Experience ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-109-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-123

Author(s):

I. E. Limonov ◽

M. V. Nesena

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Modeling ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Investment ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

The Public ◽

Export Activity ◽

Regional Investment ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

Download Full-text

Evaluating the Impact of Floods on Housing Price Using a Spatial Matching Difference-In-Differences (SM-DID) Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020804 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 804

Author(s):

Jean Dubé ◽

Maha AbdelHalim ◽

Nicolas Devaux

Keyword(s):

Housing Price ◽

Hedonic Pricing ◽

Environmental Amenities ◽

Sale Price ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Hedonic Pricing Model ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Many applications have relied on the hedonic pricing model (HPM) to measure the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for urban externalities and natural disasters. The classic HPM regresses housing price on a complete list of attributes/characteristics that include spatial or environmental amenities (or disamenities), such as floods, to retrieve the gradients of the market (marginal) WTP for such externalities. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative methodological framework that extends the causal relations based on a spatial matching difference-in-differences (SM-DID) estimator, and which attempts to calculate the difference between sale price for similar goods within “treated” and “control” groups. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed spatial matching method, the researchers present an empirical investigation based on the case of a flood event recorded in the city of Laval (Québec, Canada) in 1998, using information on transactions occurring between 1995 and 2001. The research results show that the impact of flooding brings a negative premium on the housing price of about 20,000$ Canadian (CAN).

Download Full-text

Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4941

Author(s):

Jin Zhao ◽

Ghulam Rasool Madni ◽

Muhammad Awais Anwar ◽

Syeda Masooma Zahra

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Institutional Reforms ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Human Interactions ◽

Political Reforms ◽

Vast Literature ◽

Treatment Analysis ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

It is widely accepted that the economic and social system may be more efficient by reforming institutions. Institutional reforms are attempts to change the rules affecting human interactions and these reforms are fundamental for development and economic prosperity. The reforms can be divided into two categories; political and economic institutional reforms. It is need of the hour to determine the category of reform that is more suitable for developing countries. Moreover, a vast literature describes the impact of institutional reforms but little focused on exploring their impacts on macroeconomic activities. So, this study is an effort to determine the impact of institutional reforms on macroeconomic variables by considering the panel data of 122 developing countries covering the time span from 1996 to 2019. The study applied treatment analysis using the difference-in-differences technique to gauge the effects of reforms. Besides, it will be interesting to know the causes triggering the institutional reforms in developing countries. The findings of the study reveal that economic reforms are more important as compared with political reforms to grow the economies. The countries focusing on political reforms are not able to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, both types of reforms do not cause each other in these countries.

Download Full-text

Assessment of the Construction of a Climate Resilient City: An Empirical Study Based on the Difference in Differences Model

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2082

Author(s):

Zifeng Liang

Keyword(s):

Significant Contribution ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Grey System ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

Facing climate risks has become a common problem for mankind and a topic of great importance for the Chinese government. To thoroughly implement the overall requirements for the construction of an ecological civilization and effectively improve the capacity of cities to adapt to climate change, China launched the pilot construction of “Climate Resilient Cities” in 2017. In this paper, 16 prefecture level cities in Anhui Province of China were selected as the research objects, and the multi-level grey system evaluation method was used to measure the climate resilience of these regions. We used the difference in differences method to evaluate the effect of the pilot policy of “Climate Resilient Cities.” The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” showed a significant contribution to the regional climate resilience, and, after isolating the impact of other factors on the regional climate resilience, the pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” increased the climate resilience of the pilot cities by four percentage points. The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” had a significant contribution to the urban infrastructure development and ecological space optimization, as well as non-significant impacts to the urban water security, emergency management capacity-building, and science and technology innovation initiatives.

Download Full-text

Was it worth it? The impact of the German minimum wage on union membership of employees

Economic and Industrial Democracy ◽

10.1177/0143831x211035828 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0143831X2110358

Author(s):

Simon Ress ◽

Florian Spohr

Keyword(s):

Propensity Score ◽

Social Security ◽

Labour Market ◽

Propensity Score Matching ◽

Minimum Wage ◽

Trade Union ◽

Union Membership ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

German Trade ◽

The Impact

This contribution scrutinises how introducing a statutory minimum wage of EUR 8.50 per hour, in January 2015, impacted German employees’ decision with regard to union membership. Based on representative data from the Labour Market and Social Security panel, the study applies a logistic difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach on entries into and withdrawals from unions in the German Trade Union Confederation (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB). The results show no separate effect on withdrawals from or entries into unions after the minimum wage introduction for those employees who benefited financially from it, but a significant increase of entries overall. Thus, unions’ campaign for a minimum wage strengthened their position in total but did not reverse the segmentation of union membership patterns.

Download Full-text

Research on China's Population Structure in the New Situation

Macro Management & Public Policies ◽

10.30564/mmpp.v2i2.1659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jingxuan Cui ◽

Mengshuai Yin ◽

Zerong Liu

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Rural Population ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Multiple Regression Equation ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Men And Women ◽

Child Policy ◽

Dynamic Perspective ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact

To analyze the impact of the “two-child policy” on the population size and structure, first of all, the birth rate, the ratio of men and women, and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators. Before and after the dispersion, then establish a PDE model, and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy; continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy, and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis, and a related regression equation is obtained. Finally, the future marriage problem is analyzed, considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time. The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth, focusing on a dynamic perspective.

Download Full-text