scholarly journals Assessment of the Construction of a Climate Resilient City: An Empirical Study Based on the Difference in Differences Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Zifeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Facing climate risks has become a common problem for mankind and a topic of great importance for the Chinese government. To thoroughly implement the overall requirements for the construction of an ecological civilization and effectively improve the capacity of cities to adapt to climate change, China launched the pilot construction of “Climate Resilient Cities” in 2017. In this paper, 16 prefecture level cities in Anhui Province of China were selected as the research objects, and the multi-level grey system evaluation method was used to measure the climate resilience of these regions. We used the difference in differences method to evaluate the effect of the pilot policy of “Climate Resilient Cities.” The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” showed a significant contribution to the regional climate resilience, and, after isolating the impact of other factors on the regional climate resilience, the pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” increased the climate resilience of the pilot cities by four percentage points. The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” had a significant contribution to the urban infrastructure development and ecological space optimization, as well as non-significant impacts to the urban water security, emergency management capacity-building, and science and technology innovation initiatives.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Floods on Housing Price Using a Spatial Matching Difference-In-Differences (SM-DID) Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Jean Dubé ◽  
Maha AbdelHalim ◽  
Nicolas Devaux
Keyword(s):  
Housing Price ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Environmental Amenities ◽  
Sale Price ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Hedonic Pricing Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Many applications have relied on the hedonic pricing model (HPM) to measure the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for urban externalities and natural disasters. The classic HPM regresses housing price on a complete list of attributes/characteristics that include spatial or environmental amenities (or disamenities), such as floods, to retrieve the gradients of the market (marginal) WTP for such externalities. The aim of this paper is to propose an innovative methodological framework that extends the causal relations based on a spatial matching difference-in-differences (SM-DID) estimator, and which attempts to calculate the difference between sale price for similar goods within “treated” and “control” groups. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed spatial matching method, the researchers present an empirical investigation based on the case of a flood event recorded in the city of Laval (Québec, Canada) in 1998, using information on transactions occurring between 1995 and 2001. The research results show that the impact of flooding brings a negative premium on the housing price of about 20,000$ Canadian (CAN).

scholarly journals Institutional Reforms and Their Impact on Economic Growth and Investment in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Ghulam Rasool Madni ◽  
Muhammad Awais Anwar ◽  
Syeda Masooma Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

It is widely accepted that the economic and social system may be more efficient by reforming institutions. Institutional reforms are attempts to change the rules affecting human interactions and these reforms are fundamental for development and economic prosperity. The reforms can be divided into two categories; political and economic institutional reforms. It is need of the hour to determine the category of reform that is more suitable for developing countries. Moreover, a vast literature describes the impact of institutional reforms but little focused on exploring their impacts on macroeconomic activities. So, this study is an effort to determine the impact of institutional reforms on macroeconomic variables by considering the panel data of 122 developing countries covering the time span from 1996 to 2019. The study applied treatment analysis using the difference-in-differences technique to gauge the effects of reforms. Besides, it will be interesting to know the causes triggering the institutional reforms in developing countries. The findings of the study reveal that economic reforms are more important as compared with political reforms to grow the economies. The countries focusing on political reforms are not able to overcome the economic crisis. Moreover, both types of reforms do not cause each other in these countries.

scholarly journals Media Ownership and Bias: Evidence by the Washington Post’s Reporting after Amazon’s Acquisition in 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyi Jin ◽  
Altynay Abilgaziyeva ◽  
Tsz Ting Lam
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Media Ownership ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The New York Times ◽  
Publication Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of ownership change on media coverage by investigating the impact of Jeff Bezos's (Amazon's owner) purchase of the Washington Post (WP) in October 2013. We collect all articles that have Amazon mentions published by WP and the New York Times (NYT) for 12 months before and 12 months after the acquisition. Then, we use the difference-in-differences method to compare changes in sentiment, length, and time of publication of the articles reported by WP compared to NYT. From the comparison, we show that Amazon's acquisition has posed a certain extent of influence on the publication time of the articles. Our findings highlight that ownership change limits the media's ability to fulfill its role as a watchdog without interference. 

scholarly journals Study on the impact of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway on regional economic equity based on economic performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
Qiong Tong ◽  
Pan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Equity

AbstractAccording to the panel data of stations along the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (BSHR) from 2008 to 2018, the influence of BSHR on regional economy of cities along the line is analyzed, and the influence of the opening of the BSHR on regional economic equity of cities along the line, through constructing the difference-in-differences model. The research result shows that the opening of the BSHR greatly promotes the growth of the GDP per capita of the site cities along the line and the optimal allocation of resources, such as labor, information and technology, and accelerates the two-way flow of factors of production between big cities and small and medium-sized cities at stations along the high-speed railway, makes high-quality resources from small and medium-sized cities flow to big cities along the line, while some backward resources from big cities gradually tilt toward small- and medium-sized cities along the line. In short, the opening of BSHR promotes the economic growth of the cities along the line, shortens the economic gap between the cities, is conducive to realizing regional economic equity.

Fracability evaluation of lacustrine shale by integrating brittleness and fracture toughness

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. T363-T372
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Feng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Brittleness Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lacustrine Shale ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Rock brittleness and fracture toughness are important parameters for evaluating rock fracability. The stress-strain curves indicate that the lacustrine shale is strongly brittle. Brittle failure occurs rapidly when the stress of the lacustrine shale reaches its peak value. In addition, the lacustrine shale has different plastic strains before and after peak stress; this can relax the stress concentration of the crack tips. Therefore, the plastic strain that occurs before and after the peak stress can cause decreasing brittleness, which can be used to distinguish the brittleness and fracability in the formation of the lacustrine shale clearly. Moreover, this further enlarges the difference in the brittleness index. Based on the influence of plastic strain on brittleness, we have developed a new brittleness evaluation method that uses the ratio of linear elastic strain energy to the total strain energy before complete rock failure, which can indicate the difference of the lacustrine shale clearly. Fracture toughness is another important parameter that impacts the fracture extension and influences fracability. Based on the impact of brittleness and fracture toughness on the fracability, we have developed a new fracability evaluation method. The brittleness index increases with increases in the quartz content, and it decreases with increases in the albite feldspar and calcite contents. The fracture toughness decreases with increases in the quartz and clay contents, and it increases with increases in the siderite content. In addition, we established an empirical formula that can evaluate the brittleness index and the fracture toughness using mineral contents obtained from elemental logging. Using the new fracability evaluation method to optimize the fracturing stage, the preliminary field test indicates that the new approach was effective in the lacustrine shale formation.

THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON MANUFACTURING: PLANT-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR THE GREAT HANSHIN-AWAJI EARTHQUAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640010 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUSUKE MATSUKI ◽  
SHUNSUKE MANAGI
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Method ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Analysis

This paper investigates the impact of the Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake on plant input, output, total factor productivity (TFP) and exit using Japanese plant-level manufacturing data. We employ the difference-in-differences (DID) estimation method to identify the effects of the quake and find that the quake had an impact on manufacturing. The results suggest that production was influenced by the quake, particularly in the first year after the quake. Furthermore, the quake did not influence manufacturing industries uniformly. The effects are different based on specifications, variables, and industries. However, the quake had little impact on the exit of plants.

scholarly journals Contribution of pandemic covid-19 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar BADA ◽  
Mohamed LAHKIM ◽  
Ahmed BELMOUDEN ◽  
Nadia El Kadmiri
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

In order to respond to climate change, the Chinese government has committed to reduce the intensity of its national GHG emissions by 2020. In contrast to expectations, this year has seen an unexpected tragedy in the form of the corona virus epidemic. This virus, which belongs to the SARS-COV-2 family, has created a global turmoil and led to a record number of infections and deaths. In this situation, China took refuge as the first country to announce the appearance of the virus, resorted to quarantine in the absence of a vaccine against the virus, declared a state of emergency and then led to the shutdown of the Chinese economy. With the increase in the number of infections and deaths several study had analyzing the connection between economic growth and covid-19 or public health and covid-19, while this paper focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on air quality, specifically the concentration of GHGs in the air resulting from industrial activities by comparing GHGs emissions in 2020 and previous years on the one hand, on the other hand, by analyzing the difference between the annual number of deaths caused by pollution and those caused by the virus. This mini review highlights the effect of long-term exposure to pollutants and the high risk of infection by the virus, China is taken as a case study, which evaluates the impact of COVID-19 on the environment.

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