The Waltz's Third Level of Analysis and China's Pursuit of Legitimacy Via the AIIB

Since 2016, the Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB) has assisted countries in improving their economic conditions with infrastructure and transport projects. Publicly proposed in 2013 by China's President, Xi Jinping, during his state visit to Indonesia, the AIIB has helped consolidate China's legitimacy as a leading power in Asia and globally. Thus, this paper argues that forming the AIIB was a move to counter the relatively low vote share in the neoliberal's international financial institutions, namely the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Japan-led Asian Development Bank (ADB). With the added benefit of leading a development institution, more legitimacy is gained via the international system. Since its establishment, AIIB had significantly increased from 57 founding members in 2016 to 103 in 2020. In examining how this translates into China gaining legitimacy from the international system, this paper examined the case of China's AIIB through the Third Level of Analysis in Kenneth Waltz's Neorealism. In his The State, And War, Waltz argued for the "Levels of Analysis" and convinced the third level analyses a state's legitimacy and goals via the international system's responses and interactions. This paper examined the relationship between China's standing in the eyes of the world and the acceptance of AIIB as a legitimate development institution.

STRENGTHENING THE ROLE OF CORPORATE CARRIER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE STUDENTS AT THE CHILDREN'S SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTION

The rehabilitation approach has not become a priority for coaching so that it is difficult to change Andikpas' behavior for the better. This paper aims to describe the idea of strengthening the role of Correctional Caregivers in fostering Correctional Students at the Special Child Guidance Institution. The research method of this paper uses normative juridical with a qualitative approach. Harmonizing regulations in the correctional system is needed through legal rules in the form of special guidelines. In addition to increasing knowledge and understanding related to child protection, it is also necessary to strengthen the capacity of counseling techniques. Considering that counseling is one method that can help Andikpas to express various feelings, including the negative thoughts he feels.

Science Parks and High-Tech Zones

Science parks were envisioned as an economic development institution from their inception, designed to provide employment that is particularly geared toward a highly educated labor force. Funds generally come from government sources at the early stage. The intention of science park development is to jump-start businesses that could benefit from research generated by a nearby university or research institution. This chapter reviews the development of science parks and high-technology zones in China with a focus on their impact on regional and national innovation. Discussion includes the industrial and technological focus of such zones, the relevance of specialization, and issues of effective implementation.

Application of Project Financing Mechanism for Housing Construction for the Purposes of Improving the Quality of Life in Russian Regions

Housing conditions and the possibility to improve them are one of the main indicators of the standard of living of the country’s population. State methods of regulation in this sphere must contribute to minimize the risks of citizens and ensure their safe investment in the purchase of housing under construction. For these purposes the mechanism of project financing — the system of financing the construction of apartment buildings through escrow accounts was developed and introduced.The subject of the article is an analysis of the introduction of escrow accounts in relation to Russian regions. The statistics presented by the financial development institution in the housing sector Dom.rf allows to detect a positive dynamics of citizens’ trust in development companies, which finally is reflected in a significant improvement of the quality of life of Russians. Thus, with the growth of citizens’ trust in contractors — developers of apartment buildings, their interest in buying better quality housing grows. Besides, the mechanisms of project financing weed out unfair builders, leaving only reliable developers on the market, which raises the qualitative characteristics of new projects and gives extra stability to the market.

South African Career Development Institution Management in Graduates Alumni Assisten

This article discusses career development management that can help career empowerers combine skills such as applying theoretical constructs realistically and creatively to focus on innovative ways of doing things that make careers possible as factors that provide support to employees in the workplace and contribute on their professional development. In contrast to other approaches to career development, the conventional approach to career development is mainly focused with techniques that are meant to utilize skill development and supply to drive economic growth rather than anything else. However, although the promotion of economic growth is an important goal for career development in South Africa, it is not the only goal for the country's development agenda, which includes a number of other goals. Globally, a vision of career development based on clearly defined economic goals would be at conflict with South Africa's development rhetoric, according to the World Bank's Africa Development Report

Alternative Non-Economic Measures of CDFI Lending Impact: An Exploratory Analysis

CDFI impacts are overwhelmingly viewed through an economic lens. Little consideration is given to other types of metrics. Yet we believe a positive economic impact is a necessary but not sufficient condition to being an effective development institution. We assess the relationship between a CDFI's lending activities and aggregate social capital levels. Social capital – the entrepreneurial networks which occur when small businesses flourish – are a key non-economic outcome of CDIF financing and technical assistance interventions.

Diversity & Inclusion End of Year Progress Report 2020

As a development institution, the IDB Group is committed to improving the lives of all people in Latin America and the Caribbean by providing the most innovative and pragmatic solutions to our Regions most pressing development challenges. We also understand that our human capital is our greatest asset and therein lies the key to our success. We believe that our diversity and not just visible diversity but diversity in experiences, perspectives and working styles is not only a large part of who we are but is deeply intertwined with how we leverage the multitude of differences in our workforce. We therefore understand that to deliver on our commitment to our clients, our differences must not just be tolerated or accepted but valued and embraced. We aim to be the workplace where all employees are given an opportunity to succeed regardless of how they identify and we strive to create a workplace culture that values diversity, equity, and inclusion, is unafraid to tackle those tough conversations about the obstacles which may impede progress in our agenda such as racism, disrespect, or discrimination in any form, and is prepared to address these issues.

Impact implementation of law number 11 in 2012 concerning children's justice system for development of children

Law number 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System (UU SPPA) which has been published has brought a change in the paradigm of child crime with a prison nuance to a more child-friendly concept towards restorative justice. However, the phenomenon found in minors is still undergoing legal proceedings. Meanwhile, during the legal process, children are detained in detention centers and placed outside the Special Development Institution for Children (<em>LPKA</em>) and Temporary Child Placement Agency (<em>LPAS</em>). This research was conducted using a qualitative method to child prisoners in West Kalimantan Province. This research was conducted by conducting structured interviews and it carried the analysis of this research out with three lines, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion/verification. The findings of the study were helping to children in legal conflict in a fairly good range, even though help from expert advocates and the community had not been fully achieved. The reason it still places many children outside the <em>LPKA</em> is because there are no <em>LPKA</em> or <em>LPAS</em> in the district. Therefore, it is necessary to add <em>LPKA</em> or <em>LPAS</em> to pay attention to the needs of education, health and the needs of children of inmates so that it guarantees their growth and development.

Implementation of Children Rights Fulfilment In Bandar Lampung Special Development Institution For Childrens

Protection of children faced in conflict with the law and undergoing a criminal period in the Special Development Institution for Children, their rights and needs must always be fulfilled. These children's rights consist of the right to education, skills guidance, health care, and others. This study aims to identify and analyze the fulfillment of children's rights that must be fulfilled in the Special Development Institution for Children. The problem in this research is children's rights that must be fulfilled in the Special Development Institution for Children. The method of implementing the fulfillment of children’s rights in the Special Development Institute for Children, factors that hinder the implementation of the fulfillment of rights in the Special Development Institution for Children. The approach to the problem used in this research is normative and empirical juridical. The data analysis in this study was conducted qualitatively. This study found that the rights of children in the Class II of Bandar Lampung Special Development Institution have been carried out well. The assisted children get formal and non-formal education; the assisted children receive self-development guidance such as hair shaving, electric welding, planting, and mind preservation. The assisted children are also free to play music, exercise, and perform worship according to their respective beliefs. Implementing the fulfillment of children's rights uses an individual approach, and its implementation uses an assessment. Officers have programs to fulfill children’s rights, such as service, guidance, implementation, and supervision. The author suggests that Class II of Bandar Lampung Special Development Institute’s officers can fulfill children's rights ranging from formal education, non-formal education, skills, self-development, religion, maximizing the individual approach method to assisted children so that they can know more about the backgrounds, needs, emotions and interests of these children, as well as improve the quality of existing advice and infrastructure.

Celebrating 100th Issue of Politeia: on Journal’s Past and Future

This work represents the views of the prominent Russian political scientists about the past and the future of Politeia. O.Gaman-Golutvina identifies several dimensions that together, from her point of view, define the face of Politeia and allow the journal to fulfill the mission of a development institution. A.Melville pays attention to the continuity and dynamics in the development of the journal and outlines a number of promising directions for its future. According to B.Makarenko, the main distinguishing feature of Politeia is that it has always been a community rather than just a journal. M.Ilyin draws attention to the meaning of the word πολιτεία, which became the title of the journal, suggesting that it is this title that turned into a compass that allowed the journal to simultaneously focus on political philosophy and sociology of politics. R.Turovsky views Politeia as a mirror of the contemporary Russian politics and its evolution rather than just one of the leading Political Science journals in Russia. According to A.Akhremenko, the key feature of Politeia that sets it apart from other journals is a sense of balance, an equilibrium at the intersection of methods, problems and meanings. F.Aleskerov talks about Politeia’s platform for publishing works on mathematical modeling in politics as one of the journal’s advantages and delineates several thematic blocks within this area, which, in his opinion, should appear on the pages of the journal. O.Malinova draws attention to Salmin Award, established in 2005 in memory of A.Salmin, the journal’s founder, considering this award one of the traditions that contributes to the development of the Russian professional community of political scientists.