scholarly journals Who is jumping in a Serbian bog? – Orthopteran fauna of the Vlasina region

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Slobodan Ivković ◽  
Josip Skejo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket ◽  
Southeastern Serbia

Vlasina Plateau is a highland bog situated in the mountains of southeastern Serbia, close to the border with Bulgaria. From a conservation point of view, bogs are one of the most important habitats and they are considered as threatened all across Europe. As the Orthopteran fauna of southern European bogs has not been studied in detail, we decided to make an inventory of grasshoppers and bush-crickets of Vlasina region. During eight years (2012 to 2019) of orthopterological study, 63 species were recorded at Vlasina Plateau. Interesting findings are those of Balkan Field Grasshopper (Chorthippus bornhalmi) and Bures’ Bush-cricket (Isophya bureschi) recently reported as first for Serbia, as well as regionally rare Serbian Pygmy Bush-cricket (Anterastes serbicus), Domogled Meadow Bush-cricket (Broughtonia domogledi), Short-winged Cone-head (Conocephalus dorsalis), Club-legged Grasshopper (Gomphocerus sibiricus), Fieber’s Walking Bush-cricket (Psorodonotus fieberi) and Pygmy Toothed Grasshopper (Stenobothrus crassipes). In addition, we provided new distributional and bioacoustic data for Poecilimon pseudornatus and I. bureschi.

Habitat-conditioned feeding behaviour in Barbitistes constrictus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kaňuch ◽  
Anna Sliacka ◽  
Anton Krištín
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Feeding Adaptations ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

AbstractSome insect herbivores can regulate their nourishment intake by different feeding behaviour. This mechanism allows them to persist with utilising different food resources according to the composition of the vegetation within their habitats. Using a two-choice experiment, we analysed foraging behaviour in females of the tree-dwelling bush-cricket Barbitistes constrictus (Orthoptera), which originated from two different forest habitats, spruce and beech forest. We found that individuals from the spruce forest mainly foraged on needle tips, and thus they nibbled more needles per day than individuals from the beech forest (medians 106.0 vs. 42.5; p < 0.0001). However, when the contents of droppings were dissected, the volume of consumed spruce was similar in both groups of bush-crickets (median > 90%), which is explained by the different feeding techniques of bush-crickets from different habitats. We propose possible scenarios for bush-cricket feeding adaptations to the deleterious effects of the host plant chemical compounds serving as a plant defence against herbivores.

Coexistence of two related bush-cricket species (Orthoptera: Tettigonia caudata, T. viridissima) in an agricultural landscape

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Schirmel ◽  
Thomas Fartmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Ne Germany ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

AbstractCompetition is a basic type of interaction between species. Because complete competitors cannot exist in one habitat, closely related species must show at least slight differences in their biology or ecology. In the present study, we analyzed the habitat use of the two closely related bush-cricket species Tettigonia caudata and T. viridissima which often occur syntopically. The meso- and microhabitat use of males was compared in an agricultural landscape in NE Germany. Males of both species were found to use similar mesohabitats and to prefer dense and high vegetation. Microhabitats differed significantly in two aspects: Microhabitats of T. caudata had a higher proportion of herbs, while T. viridissima used higher song posts. These differences in microhabitats might explain the co-occurrence of the bush-crickets in open habitats. However, variation between the two species might also take place during other life-cycle stages such as during egg development.

scholarly journals The Transmission of Bush-Cricket Calls in Natural Environments

1991 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
R. O. STEPHEN ◽  
J. C. HARTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket ◽  
Made In

This study discusses the structure of the calls of bush crickets Steropleurus nobrei and examines the way the structure of records of a bush-cricket call, comprising pure tone bursts and bursts of white noise, changes as these sounds propagate through different environments. Measurements of the coherence and spectral composition at different distances from the sound source are made in open and thickly vegetated environments. The results show that coherent frequency components in reproductions of the records of the natural call propagate over greater distances than do other components. The results are discussed in relation to the possible sources of information contained in insect calls and how the environment degrades these information sources as the call propagates away from the source. The consequences of the structure of the calls on the properties of the auditory organs of bush crickets is also discussed.

scholarly journals The bush-cricket Isophya kraussii (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae): bioacoustics, distribution and description of a new subspecies from Romania

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3640 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
IONUŢ ŞTEFAN IORGU ◽  
KLAUS-GERHARD HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

Isophya kraussii Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, one of the widest spread bush–crickets within this genus, is confirmed to be present east of the Carpathian Mountains. Based on acoustic analysis and morphological characters, the populations from NE Romania are considered to belong to a different subspecies, I. kraussii moldavica ssp. n. A map with distribution of both subspecies is presented.

scholarly journals Structural biomechanics determine spectral purity of bush-cricket calls

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 20170573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict D. Chivers ◽  
Thorin Jonsson ◽  
Carl D. Soulsbury ◽  
Fernando Montealegre-Z
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Spectral Purity ◽  
Frequency Multiplication ◽  
Pattern Frequency ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Wing Cell ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) generate sound using tegminal stridulation. Signalling effectiveness is affected by the widely varying acoustic parameters of temporal pattern, frequency and spectral purity (tonality). During stridulation, frequency multiplication occurs as a scraper on one wing scrapes across a file of sclerotized teeth on the other. The frequency with which these tooth–scraper interactions occur, along with radiating wing cell resonant properties, dictates both frequency and tonality in the call. Bush-cricket species produce calls ranging from resonant, tonal calls through to non-resonant, broadband signals. The differences are believed to result from differences in file tooth arrangement and wing radiators, but a systematic test of the structural causes of broadband or tonal calls is lacking. Using phylogenetically controlled structural equation models, we show that parameters of file tooth density and file length are the best-fitting predictors of tonality across 40 bush-cricket species. Features of file morphology constrain the production of spectrally pure signals, but systematic distribution of teeth alone does not explain pure-tone sound production in this family.

scholarly journals Diet of the lesser kestrel Falco naumanni at post-breeding roosts in southern Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Anton Krištín ◽  
Tomáš Bělka ◽  
David Horal ◽  
Taulant Bino
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
Pellet Analysis ◽  
Lesser Kestrel ◽  
Communal Roosting ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

Abstract The lesser kestrel is an insectivorous and migratory falcon species, frequently using communal roosts in the post-breeding period in southern Europe. Using pellet analysis from two post-breeding roosting sites in southern Albania collected in August 2017, we identified 1539 prey items belonging to approximately 58 prey species, 20 families and 7 orders in 110 pellets from two sites. Invertebrates made up the major part of the diet spectrum (PNI = 99.8 %, PFI = 100 %). Invertebrate prey body size varied between 8 and 62 mm (mean 28.1 mm). Bush-crickets (Tettigoniidae) and locusts (Acrididae) were the most abundant and frequent prey groups (PNI = 33 % resp. 48.6 % and PFI = 97 % resp. 94 %). Within the bush-cricket family we could identify the species of genera Tettigonia, Decticus, Platycleis, Isophya and Metrioptera. The species of genera Calliptamus, Stenobothrus and Locusta belonged among the locust species identified in the food. Birds and mammals were found in pellets only occasionally. The prey composition was rather similar at both studied sites, while locusts (Acrididae) were more abundant at the Jorgucat site and bush-crickets (Tettigonioidea) at the Mollas site in the same time. Prey groups Scarabeidae beetles and other beetles (Coleoptera other) were more abundant and frequent at Mollas than at Jorgucat, and spiders were more frequent at Jorgucat. These results suggest that the high abundance of orthopterans and beetles in the food supply in certain localities is the main reason for selection and stable occupancy of these massive communal roosting sites by lesser kestrels in Albania.

The Mechnics of Stridulation in Bush Crickets (Tettiginioidea, Orthoptera)

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. BAILEY ◽  
W. B. BROUGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Natural Vibration ◽  
Resonant Vibration ◽  
Acoustic Coupling ◽  
Impact Rate ◽  
Frame System ◽  
Air Column ◽  
Bush Crickets ◽  
Bush Cricket

1. Using isolated tegmina of the bush cricket Homorocoryphus nitidulus vicinus (Walker) mounted on the actuator described in a previous paper the parameters controlling tooth-impact rate have been varied. 2. Results have shown that the mirror frame can be thrown into resonant vibration at between 12 and 15 kHz. when the tooth-impact rate approaches these values. 3. The situation in the Homorocoryphus type of stridulation is compared with that of the Conocephalus type where resonance does not occur. 4. The tooth-impact rate in H. n. vicinus is coupled with the frequency of natural vibration of the mirror frame via a plectrum-pivot-frame system which is made to act as a cantilever with the pivot at the mesial end of the vestigial file and the plectrum as the point of excitation. 5. The problem of acoustic coupling involving mechanical and air-column systems is discussed.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

How a sheperd guides a sheep herd?

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
Richard Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
Damping Effects ◽  
Ring Particle

ABSTRACTThe mechanism by which a shepherd satellite exerts a confining torque on a ring is considered from the point of view of a single ring particle. It is still not clear how one might most meaningfully include damping effects and other collisional processes into this type of approach to the problem.

The growth of mica polytypes as studied by conventional and high-resolution TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
A. Baronnet ◽  
M. Amouric
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Potential Use

The origin of mica polytypes has long been a challenging problem for crystal- lographers, mineralogists and petrologists. From the petrological point of view, interest in this field arose from the potential use of layer stacking data to furnish further informations about equilibrium and/or kinetic conditions prevailing during the crystallization of the widespread mica-bearing rocks. From the compilation of previous experimental works dealing with the occurrence domains of the various mica "polymorphs" (1Mr, 1M, 2M1, 2M2 and 3T) within water-pressure vs temperature fields, it became clear that most of these modifications should be considered as metastable for a fixed mica species. Furthermore, the natural occurrence of long-period (or complex) polytypes could not be accounted for by phase considerations. This highlighted the need of a more detailed kinetic approach of the problem and, in particular, of the role growth mechanisms of basal faces could play in this crystallographic phenomenon.

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