Is body mass index a risk factor for low cerebral oxygenation during spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section? A preliminary study

Background: According to the CDC NHSN, surgical site infections (SSI) are wound infections that develop within 30 days postoperatively for nonimplanted surgeries such as cesarean sections. SSIs is shown to manifest in a continuum of a purulent discharge from surgical site to severe sepsis. It contributes to rising morbidity, mortality and prolonged length of stay. Objective: To describe risk factors to the development of SSI in cesarean section in descriptive studies. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) reporting guidelines is used as method for this systematic review. A PubMed literature search was conducted, limited to published articles in English from 1998 to 2016 using the broad key terms “cesarean section,” “surgical site infection,” and “risk factor.” The following inclusion criteria were applied to all reviews: (1) peer-reviewed journal, (2) computed risk factor for SSI development, and (3) calculated SSI rate. Reviews of references of the include studies were conducted, and 7 studies were appraised, with only 1 accepted. Results: After extracting data from 52 article reviews, 23 were finally accepted based on the inclusion criteria. Most studies were multivariate studies (n = 8) followed by cohort studies (n = 6). Unique numerators and denominators for SSI reviews were mentioned in all 23 studies, of which 22 studies followed the CDC NHSN definitions for SSI. Within the 23 studies, most studies showed that obesity (11.46%) is a common maternal risk factor for the development of postoperative cesarean section SSI. Conclusions: Identifying that obesity is a major contributor of surgical site infection in postoperative cesarean section women is a topic that warrants exploration. The relationship of cesarean section SSI to obesity should be investigated, specifically highlighting the level of obesity based on the WHO international body mass index (BMI) classification and the development of SSI. A correlation between increasing wound infection rates and increasing body mass index should be studied further. Published recommendations for preventing SSIs in this population should be reviewed.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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The relation between body mass index and difficulty in inducing spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section

Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia ◽

10.1080/11101849.2021.1966286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 373-376

Author(s):

Reham Mahrous ◽

Mahmoud Alalfy ◽

Shaimaa Abdalaleem Abdalgeleel ◽

Amr Abdelnasser ◽

Doaa A. Abd Elfattah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Body Mass ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Elective Cesarean

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Anatomical predicting factors of difficult spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section: An observational study

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.6.1276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simin Atashkhoei ◽

Saeed Samudi ◽

Naghi Abedini ◽

Nahid Khoshmaram ◽

Masoumeh Minayi

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Observational Study ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Body Mass ◽

Spinous Process ◽

Spinal Column ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Predicting Factors ◽

Body Appearance

Objectives: Although Spinal anesthesia is the most common and safe anesthetic method for patients undergoing cesarean section, difficult access to it is a frequent problem in operating theaters. The predictive factors for the difficulty of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section were investigated. Methods: A total of 110 pregnant women, single-stranded, aged 18-40 years old and ASA class I or II candidates for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia were studied. Demographic information, body appearance, ability to bend the back of the patient was recoded. Also the position of the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine, the presence or absence of deformity in the spinal column lumbar was recorded for all patients. Results: The correlation coefficient of age, weight, body mass index, general body appearance, retention ability, anatomical signs of the spinal column (touching the spinous process) and the interval between the vertebra with the difficulty of spinal anesthesia were statistically significant (p<0.05). Complications after spinal anesthesia had a statistically significant relationship with the difficulty of performing spinal blockade (p: 0.006). Conclusion: Increasing age, weight, body mass index, reducing the ability to bend the waist, the non-touching of the spinous process and interstitial space causes the difficulty of performing spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. The results can contribute to determining and designing a spinal blockade scoring system based on the patient’s characteristics and effective factors before the surgery, to facilitate the technique by anesthesiologist. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1276 How to cite this:Atashkhoei S, Samudi S, Abedini N, Khoshmaram N, Minayi M. Anatomical predicting factors of difficult spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section: An observational study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1707-1711. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1276 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effect of Body Mass Index on Anesthesia Characteristics and Vasopressor Requirements during Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section

Open Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.4236/ojanes.2020.104014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (04) ◽

pp. 157-169

Author(s):

Mohamed Elmeliegy

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Body Mass ◽

Elective Cesarean Section ◽

Elective Cesarean

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Risk factors for hypotension in regional spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Role of the Waist-to-Hip Ratio and Body Mass Index

Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/cj9.0000000000000008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 42-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

María Gabriela López Hernández ◽

Héctor Julio Meléndez Flórez ◽

Saúl Álvarez Robles ◽

Jorge de Lugan Alvarado Arteaga

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Body Mass ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Body mass index category as a risk factor for colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717952215.793457621 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Ivano Biviano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Body Mass Index Category ◽

Colorectal Adenomas

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Body Mass Index, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and their Predictive Value in vitro Fertilization

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.7.6428 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1842-1845

Author(s):

Lavinia Stelea ◽

Izabella Petre ◽

Marius Craina ◽

Brigitha Vlaicu ◽

Alina Sisu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Body Mass ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Weight Problems ◽

Fertility Disorder

The aim of this study was to determine if body mass can be considered a risk factor for infertility, and if we can find any correlations between the age values and the FSH and estradiol values, and between the BMI values and the FSH and estradiol values. Our whole sample contains 100 patients splinted in two groups (pregnant patients N1=57 subjects, 57%, and not � pregnant patients N1=43 subjects,43%). In the first part we conducted our analysis on the whole group and after that we focused the analysis on the two groups and we made some comparisons between the groups. We obtained a medium, extremely significant correlation in all scenarios between the age and the FSH values. This is the best association from all the cases which we tested. In all twelve cases we have a positive correlation (r ] 0). As well, we obtained that a BMI value higher than 25can be considered a risk factor for obtaining a pregnancy (p[0.05, RR ] 1, OR]1) . Our study shows that women who have weight problems have much less chances of conceiving a baby, even if they ovulate normally. The risk of infertility increases proportionally to the extra pounds. Irregular ovulation in women is the most common fertility disorder due to obesity disease.

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Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2020-0399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ana P. Sehn ◽

Anelise R. Gaya ◽

Caroline Brand ◽

Arieli F. Dias ◽

Roya Kelishadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Television Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

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