scholarly journals Compassion Practice by Ugandan Nurses Who Provide HIV Care

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Harrowing
Keyword(s):  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Compassion is fundamental to ethical nursing practice; it represents a commitment to acknowledge and respond to the suffering of the patient. Many structural, economic, and sociopolitical challenges confront Ugandan nurses in their efforts to incorporate compassion into their care of persons with HIV illness. After reviewing the literature related to compassion fatigue, the author describes nursing in sub-Saharan Africa and presents a qualitative study exploring the impact of education on 24 nurses’ lives, including their capacity to avoid or mitigate the development of compassion fatigue. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. Findings illustrate the barriers participants faced in providing competent care and the liberating effects of new knowledge and skills. Engaging in meaningful relationships, maintaining hopeful attitudes, and advocating for the profession were found to transform and affirm the nurses’ approach toward their work and enhance their experiences of compassion satisfaction. The author discusses the unique aspects of the experience of compassion among Ugandan nurses caring for persons with HIV illness.

Examining user experience of eLearning systems implemented in two universities in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Joel S. Mtebe
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hedonic Quality

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors that influence user experience (UX) of eLearning systems implemented in two institutions in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted questionnaire consisting of Nielsen’s heuristics and didactic metrics as pragmatic metrics and hedonic metrics followed by focus group discussions with students. Findings The study found that the eLearning system of University of Dar es Salaam had 43 UX problems related to Nielsen’s heuristics and 54 UX problems related to didactic heuristics. The eLearning system of the Open University of Tanzania had 50 UX problems related to Nielsen’s heuristics and 59 UX problems related to didactic heuristics. Moreover, the two systems provided positive UX hedonic quality on identification and evocation dimensions while stimulation was perceived to be neutral. Research limitations/implications The study has used learners as evaluators rather than expert evaluators. Learners are not particularly experienced in the learning domain, and therefore, it is difficult for them to identify many didactic violations of the eLearning systems. Originality/value The study contributes toward finding the underlying factors for non-use or underuse of the installed eLearning systems in various universities in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals The Impact of Community Health Workers on HIV Therapy Outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Lotte Michielsen ◽  
Anneleen Kiekens ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Therapy Outcome ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Art Delivery

In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden on HIV care givers is high. This resulted in renewed interest in community health worker (CHW) programs. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize CHWs' effects on HIV therapy outcome. We also investigated which CHW tasks might favorably impact treatment outcome.<br/> We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for papers published up to October 2018. The studies included were conducted on HIV-positive adults in sub-Saharan Africa and reported biological HIV outcomes. We systematically collected data on HIV therapy outcome and CHW tasks. We used Bayesian network modelling for the analysis of CHW tasks.<br/> We included 19 studies in total: 4 randomized controlled trials, 8 comparative cohort studies and 7 single arm interventions. In all studies, CHW interventions were beneficial or not inferior to standard of care (SOC). The more common tasks of CHWs involved an important human support component, with home visits being the most common task. Upon analysis we found indications that ART delivery, individual adherence support and frequent home visits were predictive of a successful CHW intervention, defined as improved therapy outcome compared to SOC or reaching 90% of treated patients being virally suppressed.<br/> We found that CHW interventions are not inferior to SOC and might even be beneficial. We hypothesize that ART delivery, individual adherence support and frequent home visits are predictive of a successful CHW intervention. Further research is needed to be able to judge whether any single task or a particular combination of tasks is significantly correlated with a successful CHW intervention, or whether such tasks are context specific.

Issues of measuring and improving the treatment of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Onwujekwe ◽  
Enugu Nigeria ◽  
Nkem Dike ◽  
Benjamin Uzochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Sub Saharan

This paper, using focus group discussions and questionnaires in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, examines the implications of consumer malaria perceptions and behaviour for measuring the disease burden and improving its treatment. The results show that, because peoples' understanding of the disease was related to its symptoms, this could lead to overestimation of the economic burden of malaria, based only on surveys without diagnostic confirmation. Survey-based estimations of the burden of malaria should control for the different local terminologies of malaria, and health personnel should be aware of these in order to improve the appropriate use of antimalarial drugs in presumptive treatment of malaria.

Informal social protection actors: A focus on women self-help groups in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-625
Author(s):  
Phoene Mesa Oware
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Self Help Groups

For most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, social protection is provided by formal and informal actors. Focusing on women self-help groups as informal social protection actors, this qualitative study examines their nature, activities and functions and how they provide informal social protection. Data on self-help groups were collected from 25 women through in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions. The findings show that these groups provide crucial safety nets by smoothing incomes and consumption, and providing social assistance and insurance. However, social protection provided informally is exclusionary and limited. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

scholarly journals The impact and cost‐effectiveness of community‐basedHIVself‐testing in sub‐Saharan Africa: a health economic and modelling analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. e25243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cambiano ◽  
Cheryl C Johnson ◽  
Karin Hatzold ◽  
Fern Terris‐Prestholt ◽  
Hendy Maheswaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Low levels of frailty in HIV-positive older adults on antiretroviral therapy in northern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Bristow ◽  
Grace George ◽  
Grace Hillsmith ◽  
Emma Rainey ◽  
Sarah Urasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Clinical Frailty Scale ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract There are over 3 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) aged 50 and over living with HIV. HIV and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) exposure may accelerate the ageing in this population, and thus increase the prevalence of premature frailty. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of frailty in an older HIV + population in SSA and screening and diagnostic tools to identify frailty in SSA. Patients aged ≥ 50 were recruited from a free Government HIV clinic in Tanzania. Frailty assessments were completed, using 3 diagnostic and screening tools: the Fried frailty phenotype (FFP), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Brief Frailty Instrument for Tanzania (B-FIT 2). The 145 patients recruited had a mean CD4 + of 494.84 cells/µL, 99.3% were receiving cART and 72.6% were virally suppressed. The prevalence of frailty by FFP was 2.758%. FFP frailty was significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.006), marital status (p = 0.007) and age (p = 0.038). Weight loss was the most common FFP domain failure. The prevalence of frailty using the B-FIT 2 and the CFS was 0.68%. The B-FIT 2 correlated with BMI (r = − 0.467, p = 0.0001) and CD4 count in females (r = − 0.244, p = 0.02). There is an absence of frailty in this population, as compared to other clinical studies. This may be due to the high standard of HIV care at this Government clinic. Undernutrition may be an important contributor to frailty. It is unclear which tool is most accurate for detecting the prevalence of frailty in this setting as levels of correlation are low.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion, Income Inequality and Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Chima M. Menyelim ◽  
Abiola A. Babajide ◽  
Alexander E. Omankhanlen ◽  
Benjamin I. Ehikioya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Access ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the relevance of inclusive financial access in moderating the effect of income inequality on economic growth in 48 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 1995 to 2017. The findings using the Generalised Method of Moments (sys-GMM) technique show that inclusive financial access contributes to reducing inequality in the short run, contrary to the Kuznets curve. The result reveals a negative effect of financial access on the relationship between income inequality and economic growth. There is a positive net effect of inclusive financial access in moderating the impact of income inequality on economic growth. Given the need to achieve the Sustainable Development Targets in the sub-region, policymakers and other stakeholders of the economy must design policies and programmes that would enhance access to financial services as an essential mechanism to reduce income disparity and enhance sustainable economic growth.

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