The audio-visual regulation: the arguments for and against

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the audio-visual regulation and assesses the different arguments for and against the existence of the broadcasting authorities at the state level. The debate of the necessity of a Spanish organism of regulation is still active. Most of the European countries have created some competent authorities, like the OFCOM in United Kingdom and the CSA in France. In Spain, the broadcasting regulation is developed by regional organisms, like the Consejo Audiovisual de Navarra, the Consejo Audiovisual de Andalucía and the Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC), whose case is also studied in this article. El artículo analiza la efectividad de la regulación audiovisual y valora los diversos argumentos a favor y en contra de la existencia de consejos reguladores a nivel estatal. El debate sobre la necesidad de un organismo de este calado en España todavía persiste. La mayoría de los países comunitarios se han dotado de consejos competentes en esta materia, como es el caso del OFCOM en el Reino Unido o el CSA en Francia. En España, la regulación audiovisual se limita a organismos de alcance autonómico, como son el Consejo Audiovisual de Navarra, el de Andalucía y el Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC), cuyo modelo también es abordado en este artículo.

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National festivals, the state and ‘protestant ascendancy’ in Ireland, 1790–1829

Irish Historical Studies ◽

10.1017/s0021121400034015 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (93) ◽

pp. 30-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jacqueline R. Hill

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Political Culture ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

National Symbols ◽

The Republic ◽

Single Set

One indication of Ireland's divided political culture is that there is no general agreement between most catholics and most protestants on a single set of national symbols. To take the case of a national festival, in the Republic of Ireland, where ninety-four per cent of the population is catholic, St Patrick's day (17 March) is celebrated at the popular level, the state level, and is a bank holiday. In Northern Ireland too St Patrick's day is celebrated, but chiefly by catholics (thirty-one per cent of the population), while the festival associated with the majority protestant population is Orangemen's day (12 July) when William III's victory at the battle of the Boyne(l July 1690 O.S.) is commemorated. Both these festivals are kept as bank holidays in Northern Ireland (though not in the rest of the United Kingdom); the Republic of Ireland, however, extends no recognition to 12 July.

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Religiosity and Informal Economic Practices in Southeastern European Societies

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel9100295 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Nemanja Krstić ◽

Jelena Dinić ◽

Danijela Gavrilović

Keyword(s):

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

European Countries ◽

Religious Ethics ◽

Economic Practices ◽

Informal Practices ◽

Social Teachings ◽

Research Show

The dominant religions in Southeastern European countries (Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania), Orthodoxy, Islam, and Catholicism, contain social teachings, which include several norms that deal with certain forms of economic practices. These post-socialist societies develop various forms of informal practices, some of which are contrary to elements of religious social teachings and religious ethics. In the process of the revitalization of religiosity after the fall of socialism in this region, the question can be posed as to whether the attitude towards informality and the application of certain informal economic practices, which range from the illegitimate to the illegal (getting things “done” through informal connections, tax evasion, corruption), correlates to some extent with the level of religiosity and the type of religion. The results of the research show that there is a connection between belonging to a certain confession or religion, self-declared religiosity and level of religiosity, and approving of informal practices and engaging in them. At the state level, a specific dynamic was developed even when it came to approving of and engaging in informal practices depending on whether the members of certain confessions were a minority or a majority at the level of the observed country.

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Professional Education Management: Comparative Analysis of Ukraine and European Countries’ Experience

Comparative Professional Pedagogy ◽

10.2478/rpp-2018-0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

Inna Sheludko ◽

Mykola Bondarenko

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Vocational Education ◽

Professional Education ◽

Professional Training ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

European Countries ◽

Education Management ◽

Upper Secondary Education ◽

State Regional

AbstractThe comparative analysis of modern foreign concepts and systems of professional training of specialists in Western European countries has been carried out. Leading ideas, principles and regularities of the development of continuous professional education have been revealed. It has been stated that most developed European countries gradually reduce vocational education. At the same time, vocational and technical profiles of upper secondary education, which exist almost everywhere, with the exception of Great Britain, are actively developing. The consequence of these changes is the disappearance of many training profiles. Everywhere there is a tendency to prepare workers of advanced specialties. Today, European countries are working to solve the problem of “reducing training profiles to the minimum number”. At the same time profiling of high school is carried out. Different approaches to reforming the system of vocational education management in the countries of the world have been highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to the main areas of modernization of vocational education as a component of continuing education, the management of this process at the state, regional and local levels. Comparative analysis of materials in these areas has been carried out, the results of which suggest that the modernization of vocational education management in foreign countries is carried out using the principle of decentralization on the basis of the developed and adopted at the state level regulatory and legal basis. All countries have a clear division of powers at all levels of government (state, regional, local).

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The Comparative Policy Agendas Project: theory, measurement and findings

Journal of Public Policy ◽

10.1017/s0143814x15000124 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 3-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Keith Dowding ◽

Andrew Hindmoor ◽

Aaron Martin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

United Kingdom ◽

New Zealand ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

European Countries ◽

Policy Agenda ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Coding Method ◽

Policy Agendas

AbstractThe Policy Agendas Project (PAP) was developed in the United States in the early 1990s as a means of collecting data on the contents of the policy agenda. The PAP coding method has subsequently been employed in the United Kingdom, a number of European countries, Canada, Israel, New Zealand, as well as the state of Pennsylvania (http://www.comparativeagendas.org/). What does PAP measure? How does it measure it? What does it find? How does it explain what it finds? We use these questions to structure our review.

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Brexit and the Challenges of a ‘Post-Sovereign’ Legal Landscape

The Foundations and Future of Public Law ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198845249.003.0019 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 381-396

Author(s):

Sionaidh Douglas Scott

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Legal Theory ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Legal Order ◽

Constitutional Theory ◽

Eu Law ◽

The European Union ◽

The United Kingdom

This chapter explores issues of law and governance at state level, and at levels above and below the state. It focuses on the European Union as a striking example of supranational law, as well as on the issue of sovereignty in a post-Brexit world. It argues that neither a retreat into a nostalgic Brexiter vision of sovereignty, nor the EU’s ‘new legal order’ can provide conclusive sovereignty and constitutional arrangements, because both systems are ‘unsettled’ (Neil Walker’s term). Neither law, constitutional theory, nor legal theory has settled the issue of sovereignty. EU law overlaps and intermingles with national law. The United Kingdom will lack constitutional stability, whether it remains in the European Union or not.

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Tax Burden on Professional Yachting in Greece and other European Countries

Business and Economic Research ◽

10.5296/ber.v10i1.15775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Mihail N Diakomihalis ◽

Spyros Verginis

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

The Netherlands ◽

General Result ◽

The State ◽

Sharp Contrast ◽

European Countries ◽

Tax Burden ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Tax Costs

This paper examines the tax approach of yachting in Greece and in other European countries such as the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, which have a long tradition in this field, as well as Croatia and Slovenia which are neighbouring and competitive countries towards Greece. According to recent surveys there have been indications that there has been a decline in yachting development in recent years, which is in sharp contrast to the comparative benefits that Greece has in this field.With this in mind there has been a survey carried out to show whether the prevailing situation is the result not only of the financial crisis but also of the taxes imposed by the state. The results of the survey have come about by studying and comparing the tax approach of the countries mentioned above, along with an example of the main tax costs in each country as compared with the Greek taxation taking into consideration Professional yachting.A general result is that Professional yachting has not been affected to such a degree by high taxation, but by the complexity that governs it along with the fact that the laws which have already been passed are not implemented.

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Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi12.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Janet Deppe ◽

Marie Ireland

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Inspector General ◽

Medical Necessity ◽

School Settings ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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