Investigating the existence of an ‘Animal Kuznets curve’ in the EU-15 countries

2012 ◽  
pp. 468-474
Author(s):  
F. Allievi ◽  
M. Vinnari
Keyword(s):  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Analysis of the New Kuznets Relationship: Considering Emissions of Carbon, Methanol, and Nitrous Oxide Greenhouse Gases—Evidence from EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Mara Madaleno ◽  
Victor Moutinho
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Eu

Decreased greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are urgently needed in view of global health threat represented by climate change. The goal of this paper is to test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, considering less common measures of environmental burden. For that, four different estimations are done, one considering total GHG emissions, and three more taking into account, individually, the three main GHG gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane gas (CH4)—considering the oldest and most recent economies adhering to the EU27 (the EU 15 (Old Europe) and the EU 12 (New Europe)) separately. Using panel dynamic fixed effects (DFE), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques, we validate the existence of a U-shaped relationship for all emission proxies considered, and groups of countries in the short-run. Some evidence of this effect also exists in the long-run. However, we were only able to validate the EKC hypothesis for the short-run in EU 12 under DOLS and the short and long-run using FMOLS. Confirmed is the fact that results are sensitive to models and measures adopted. Externalization of problems globally takes a longer period for national policies to correct, turning global measures harder and local environmental proxies more suitable to deeply explore the EKC hypothesis.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Economic Development-Driven Ecological Deficit in the EU-15 Countries: New Evidence From PSTR Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celil Aydin ◽  
Ömer ESEN ◽  
Recai AYDIN
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
Smooth Transition Regression ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This study empirically analyses the nonlinear impact of economic activities on ecological balance indicators that estimate the balance between economies' pressure on nature and the biologically productive resources areas affected by human activity and the earth's ecological carrying capacity. In measuring this balance, ecological balance sheet indicators are divided into four sub-components; cropland, forest area, fishing grounds and grazing land. The sample of the study consists of the EU-15 countries over the period 1995–2016. In order to render the study robust with respect to econometric issues like potential endogeneity bias, cross-country heterogeneity, time instability and nonlinearity, the study adopted panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) method. The empirical findings reveal that the economic activities carried out up to a certain threshold level do not force the ecological balance as nature can compensate for the resulting externalities, but beyond this threshold, waste accumulation and pollution exceed nature’s capacity to absorb. Consequently, the results of the study are not in line with the expectation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with inverted U-shaped curve, but indicate a need for implementation of active environmental policies for the improvement of the environment.

scholarly journals Residential energy environmental Kuznets curve in the EU-28

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del P. Pablo-Romero ◽  
Antonio Sánchez-Braza
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals Does Economic Structure Differentiate the Achievements towards Energy SDG in the EU?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2229
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cyrek ◽  
Piotr Cyrek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
The Eu

Energy sustainability constitutes an important goal for development, as declared at the global and the European levels. Some conditions decisive for energy performance, as suggested by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, may be specified by the sectoral structure of production, as industries vary in the intensity of energy consumption. Nevertheless, sustainability is not automatically induced along with economic development and it is important to identify its determinants. The aim of the study is to empirically verify whether the sectoral structure of an economy differentiates energy sustainability within 28 European Union member states (the EU-28). To fulfil the task, a static approach was adopted and such taxonomic methods as the Ward agglomeration method and linear ordering based on the Hellwig synthetic measure were used. The hypothesis concerning the essential role of structural features in energy achievements was verified by a one-way analysis of variance. Our results do not confirm the decisive role of economic structure in energy performance for the EU-28 states; however, they suggest some complex relationships. The interference between energy performance and sectoral structure mostly concerned primary and final energy consumptions and energy poverty, as well as the shares of agriculture, industry, traditional services and finance in total production. The findings reveal a need for further research into the potential interlinkages between different dimensions of sustainable development (SD).

scholarly journals EXPLORING ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE. AN INVESTIGATION ON EU ECONOMIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Badulescu ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Ramona Simut ◽  
Dorin Bac ◽  
Elena-Ana Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Eu

Designing and implementing relevant and effective environmental policies and fostering green and environmental-friendly approaches and behaviors are constant aims for policy makers all over the world. Concurrently, implementing environmental policies involves significant economic and financial efforts, in order to repair environmental damage and to prevent future negative environmental consequences. How effective are the environmental expenditures and how are they related to the economic growth, i.e. the GDP level, are issues of major concern at a governmental level. In this article we are examining the relation between GDP and environmental expenditure, by using statistical data available for EU economies, for the time period 1995-2013. We found that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported in most of the EU economies, both for government environmental protection and specialized providers, public and private environmental protection. Further and deeper analyses performed showed different situations for specific countries and even a negative relation between GDP and government environmental protection for specific cases.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE FOR TRANSPORT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Nikola Petrović ◽  
Nebojša Bojović ◽  
Marijana Petrović ◽  
Vesna Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

In view of the European Union as one of the main polluters in the word and the fact that GDP per capita in the European Union is equivalent to the 282 percent of the world`s average, it is interesting to study the relationship between transport GHG emissions and the economic activity within the European Union. In the paper, the authors check the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis for members of the EU over the period 2000-2014. The analysis results show that an inverse-U relationship exists between transport GHG emissions and GDP per capita. At the same time, the results indicate that the change of economic structure has influenced the transport GHG emissions in the developed countries, that is, in the countries that record a higher level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Is There a Link between Income Inequality and Economic Growth in the Balkans? Testing the Kuznets Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Ivana Velkovska ◽  
Borce Trenovski ◽  
Kristijan Kozheski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Kuznets Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

This paper makes an effort to test the Kuznets hypothesis in selected Balkan countries by applying panel data regression analysis for the period 2001-2012. We analyzed the following Balkan countries: 1) EU member states – Croatia, Slovenia, Greece and Bulgaria and 2) EU candidate states – North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Serbia. The results indicate the existence of the Kuznets curve that is flatter at initial stages of economic development, with income inequality declining at later stages of economic growth. In addition, the EU membership is correlated to lower income inequality, indicating better redistribution efforts in these countries compared to the EU candidate countries. Keywords: income inequality, Kuznets curve, Gini index, panel data model.

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