scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE FOR TRANSPORT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Nikola Petrović ◽  
Nebojša Bojović ◽  
Marijana Petrović ◽  
Vesna Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

In view of the European Union as one of the main polluters in the word and the fact that GDP per capita in the European Union is equivalent to the 282 percent of the world`s average, it is interesting to study the relationship between transport GHG emissions and the economic activity within the European Union. In the paper, the authors check the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis for members of the EU over the period 2000-2014. The analysis results show that an inverse-U relationship exists between transport GHG emissions and GDP per capita. At the same time, the results indicate that the change of economic structure has influenced the transport GHG emissions in the developed countries, that is, in the countries that record a higher level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals COMMENCEMENT OF NEGOTIATIONS AND A SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED PRESENCE OF THE EU AS THE BASIS OF STABLE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2018 ◽  
pp. 147-166
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Slow Tempo ◽  
The Eu

It is important for Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also for the European Union, that the negotiation process begins as soon as possible. Real changes in the legal, administrative and political sense commence only with fulfilment of benchmarks for opening and closing of chapters. The negotiation process is also important for learning and progressing in the understanding of European policies which help to strengthen state institutions, democracy and openness to grow and result with stronger economic growth due to an increased level of trust and safety. It is important for the European Union that the country at the very heart of Europe, which belongs to Europe not only geographically, but also historicallyand in terms of tradition and culture becomes a part of it as soon as possible and also in terms of the standards it applies. In this paper we give an overview of recommendations that the European Commission has provided to Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2002, and it is precisely from the recommendations which are being repeated each year that the most important challenges which Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to solve are still visible. Rule of law, respecting human rights and rights of minorities, as well as the constitutionality of the three nations, in addition to a fast and efficient judicial system and the public sector as a whole are the key elements for fulfilling political, legal and administrative criteria. In terms of GDP per capita in PPS, B&H has been converging during the last ten years, however with a very slow tempo. Thereby in 2005 GDP per capita in PPS amounted to 24 % in relation to EU28, whereas during the last four years it amounted to 29%. At the moment B&H is significantly lagging behind even the least developed Member States and convergence towards the EU average is necessary because on the current level B&H could not equally participate in the EU Single Market, and accession would create more obstacles than advantages. The EU is expected to take a more active approach in solving the challenges of economic convergence of B&H, therefore in this paper is provided and overview of the priorities of the new EU Enlargement Strategy in which support to socioeconomic development is pointed out as one of the initiatives.

scholarly journals Asymmetry of the economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union: assessment and typology

Europa XXI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Spatially Differentiated

The article aims to characterise the phenomenon, determine the degree, and analyse the dynamics and directions of change in the level of asymmetry of economic development of cross-border areas in the European Union (EU) based on GDP per capita (PPP). It also aims to propose a typology of cross-border areas in the EU considering the above criteria. The obtained results show that despite a relatively evident reduction of the level of asymmetry of economic development in many cases in the period 1990-2015, and particularly after 2004, many cross-border areas show significant disparities in the economic sphere. Moreover, the dynamics of the observed transformations remain spatially differentiated.

scholarly journals Estimating the Growth Effects of 2004 Eastern Enlargement of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Andrzej Cieślik ◽  
Mehmet Burak Turgut
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Enlargement ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

In this paper, we study the growth effects of the 2004 Eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) using the synthetic control method. We estimate that this EU enlargement had an immediate but modest positive impact on the economic growth of the EU-8 countries in the first few years following their EU accession. The positive impact of the EU enlargement became more apparent from 2007 when the new EU member states were admitted into the Schengen zone. As a result, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita difference between the actual and synthetic EU-8 continued to grow towards the end of the sample period. We found that over the entire 2004–2012 period, GDP per capita of the EU-8 was increased by about 2313 USD per year on average relative to the synthetic EU-8. The growth rate of the GDP per capita in the actual EU-8 for the same period was 2.7% larger than the synthetic EU-8.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in the European Union Countries – Is there Evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazur ◽  
Zaur Phutkaradze ◽  
Jaba Phutkaradze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract This research empirically explores the relation between carbon dioxide emission and economic growth during the period 1992-2010, using panel data on the European Union countries. Both fixed and random effect models are employed to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita. While no U-shaped EKC was confirmed empirically for all 28 current EU member states, the graphical analysis demonstrates a justified turning point for CO2 emissions as GDP per capita reaches the level of 23,000 USD. Furthermore, there is a firm empirical ground for the EKC hypothesis based on data from 16 older, relatively high-income EU states. Thus, though not empirically confirmed, there is ample data verifying the existence of the EKC in EU economies.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in the European Union Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Börke Tunalı ◽  
Naci Tolga Saruç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1995-2014. By using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Test (Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012) which is developed to test Granger causality in panel datasets (Lopez and Weber, 2017), it is found that there is a unidirectional relationship between these variables and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Granger causes health expenditure per capita. After determining the direction of the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita we estimate the short run and the long run effects of GDP per capita on health expenditure per capita by using Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators which are developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999) respectively. According to the estimation results, GDP per capita has a positive effect on health expenditure per capita both in the short run and the long run.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE BREXIT DISINTEGRATION PROCESS IN TRADE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Mudra
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Disintegration Process ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Statistical Trends ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the economic effects of the Brexit as the disintegration process, which is affected trade. It is noted that Brexit is one of the largest manifestations of disintegration processes in the European Union for the entire period of its existensing. The main economic indicators of Great Britain before leaving the European Union are analyzed. They are GDP, inflation rate, GDP per capita based on PPP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate. Analogies are made during 10 years of the UK's membership in the EU and shows the change in the dynamics during the transition phase in 2020. The main causal links leding to the growth and decline of statistics are indicated. The analogies between the data of 2020 and during the previous 10 years are made. Data on the growth and decline of GDP in the United Kingdom according to the forecasts of a number of global investment banks such as the Swiss UBS, Bank of America and Barclays, Goldman Sachs and others. The problems are considered in the trade’relations between Great Britain and the EU, had arosed after the end of the transition period, The negative effects of imbalances and inconsistencies in the mechanisms of crossing customs borders in export-import activities after January 1, 2021 are presented. The main negative factors, factors and circumstances that were influenced the significant decline in export-import activity in early 2021 are substantiated. Graphic statistical trends of British exports and imports with EU and non-EU countries are shown graphically. The main problems that have arisen in logistics chains are considered and the reasons for their occurrence are analyzed. The statistical changes in the foreign trade balance of Great Britain in the first quarter are reflected. 2021 in comparison with the IV quarter. 2020 and the reasons for the decline are substantiated. A separate list of changes taking place in the field of trade from January 1, 2021 in such areas as customs control, trade conditions and the mechanism of excise tax. The main legislative and regulatory documents that regulated the sphere of trade before and after Brexit are highlighted.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Health Care Expenditures and Economic Growth in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Börke Tunalı ◽  
Naci Tolga Saruç
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Run ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between health expenditure and economic growth in the European Union countries over the period 1995-2014. By using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Test (Dumitrescu and Hurlin, 2012) which is developed to test Granger causality in panel datasets (Lopez and Weber, 2017), it is found that there is a unidirectional relationship between these variables and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Granger causes health expenditure per capita. After determining the direction of the relationship between health expenditure per capita and GDP per capita we estimate the short run and the long run effects of GDP per capita on health expenditure per capita by using Mean Group (MG) and Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimators which are developed by Pesaran and Smith (1995) and Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999) respectively. According to the estimation results, GDP per capita has a positive effect on health expenditure per capita both in the short run and the long run.

scholarly journals EVIDENCE FOR ECONOMIC CONVERGENCE IN THE EU: THE ANALYSIS OF PAST EU ENLARGEMENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadim STRIELKOWSKI ◽  
Felix HÖSCHLE
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

This paper discusses the evidence of economic convergence in the European Union during the past several decades and consecutive EU enlargements. We cluster different member states of the European Union by groups representing countries that joined the EU together and analyze whether these clusters converge against each other. In addition, we analyse whether there is a convergence within different groups of countries. We employ real GDP per capita in its seasonally adjusted version as the measure of convergence. Our results reveal that there is not much evidence about the existence of economic convergence within the European Union.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

scholarly journals Environmental Production Efficiency in the European Union Countries as a Tool for the Implementation of Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4593
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cheba ◽  
Iwona Bąk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The European Union ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The main purpose of the paper is to present a proposal to measure the relationships between Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and one of the areas considered in the green growth concept: environmental production efficiency. Both of these areas illustrate the relationship between the natural environment and the economy, emphasizing transformations in the field of energy use. Selected taxonomic methods, TOPSIS, and multicriteria taxonomy, were applied to study the relationships between the two areas. The results of the EU countries classification showed a variety of countries’ development pathways within a single economic community. Despite continued attempts to equalize the development levels between European Union countries in many strategic areas, they remain highly diversified. That is also true for the areas analyzed in the paper, which is a disturbing situation, indicating that both strategies might not correlate in all respects. Further research into the relationships linking the remaining dimensions of both strategies is required.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document