scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of extruded aquafeed pellets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Irungu ◽  
C.M. Mutungi ◽  
A.K. Faraj ◽  
H. Affognon ◽  
N. Kibet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Physico Chemical

Fish farming is faced with the challenge of high cost of feeds because of the cost of high quality protein needed for formulation of the feeds. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative protein sources. The effects of substituting freshwater shrimp meal (FWSM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM) or adult cricket meal (ACM) on physico-chemical properties of hot-extruded fish feed pellets were investigated. The FWSM protein in a 26 g/100 g protein fish feed formulation was substituted at 0, 25, 50 and 75%, and moisture content of the formulated blends adjusted to 10, 20 or 30 g/100 g prior to extrusion. Floatability, expansion rate, bulk density, durability index, water absorption index, water solubility index, and water stability of extruded pellets were determined. Sinking velocity and the total suspended and dissolved solids in water were determined for the optimal pellets. Pellet floatability was not influenced by the type of insect meal but the interaction between level of inclusion and moisture content of the feed at extrusion. Pellets with high floatability >90% were produced from all feed blends at 30 g/100 g moisture content. Expansion ratio, was not influenced by type of insect meal or the level of inclusion but by the moisture content whereby feed blends extruded at 30 g/100 g moisture gave pellets with high expansion ratio ~60%. Bulk density was influenced by the interaction of the three factors. Pellet durability and water absorption indices were not influenced by the investigated factors or their interactions. Processed pellets were generally highly durable (99%) out of water, but the stability in water was significantly influenced by the interaction of type of insect meal level of inclusion and moisture content at extrusion. Water solubility increased with increasing extrusion moisture. Overall, it was possible to process good quality extruded pellets with 75% BSFM or 75% ACM at 30 g/100 g feed moisture.

Optimization of lupine (Lupinus albus L.) composition, feed moisture content and barrel temperatures for best quality maize based extruded snack food

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Adem ◽  
Sadik J.A. ◽  
Admasu Worku ◽  
Satheesh Neela
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Feed Moisture

Purpose This paper aims to optimize feed moisture contents, barrel temperatures, blending ratios of maize and lupine for processing of protein-rich best quality extruded product using a twin-screw extruder. Design/methodology/approach A three-factor three-level response surface methodology by Box-Behnken Design was applied to evaluate the effect of selected processing conditions of blending ratios of lupine (10-20 per cent), barrel temperatures (120°C-150°C) and feed moisture content (14-18 per cent) on functional, nutritional and sensory characteristics of produced snack food. Findings The results of functional properties such as radial expansion ratio, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index observed as 0.71-1.2, 0.33-0.92 g/cc, 4.4-6.4 per cent and 10.2-15.1 per cent, respectively. The snack food showed the moisture 5.6-7.2 per cent, protein 8.1-18.1 per cent, fiber 1.6-2.7 per cent, ash 1.6-2.2 per cent and carbohydrate 64.8-81.4 per cent. The independent variables (lupine blending ratio, barrel temperature and feed moisture content) posed significant effects on expansion ration (p = 0.0030), bulk density (p = 0.0026), water absorption index (p = 0.0075) and water-solubility index (p = 0.0116). Higher blending ratio of lupine was increase in the bulk density and water solubility index, but decrease in expansion ratio and water absorption index of snack food. Higher feed moisture content was led to a reduction in expansion ratio and water-soluble index of snack food. Whereas, higher feed moisture contents was lead to rise in bulk density and water absorption index. Fiber (p = 0.0145), ash (p = 0.0343) and carbohydrate (p = 0.0001) contents were significantly depended on blending ratio. Blending of lupine 15.06 per cent, barrel temperature of 150 °C and feed moisture content of 14.0 per cent produced the snack food with desirability value of 72.8 per cent. Originality/value Protein malnutrition is one of the major problems in child development in under developed countries including Ethiopia. Maize is a top producer in the country but least appreciated for cost. Lupine is one of the undervalued produce consumed in Ethiopia after boiling. Still data on the utilization of maize and lupine in the extruded snack preparation was very limited. Optimization of moisture and barrel temperatures for this snack was not reported clearly yet.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Extrusion Processing Parameters on Physical Properties of Soy White Flakes and High Protein Distillers Dried Grains-Based Extruded Aquafeeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Singh ◽  
K. Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Durability Index

<p>Nutritionally balanced ingredient blends for catla (<em>Catla catla</em>), belonging to the family Cyprinidae, were extruded using single screw extruder. The extrusion was carried out at five levels of soy white flakes content (21%, 29%, 40%, 52%, and 59% db), five levels of moisture content (15, 19, 25, 31, and 35% db) and five levels of barrel temperature (100, 110, 125, 140, and 150 ºC) using three different die nozzles (having L/D ratios 3.33, 5.83, and 7.25). Blends with net protein content of 32.5% contains soy white flakes, along with high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG), corn flour, corn gluten meal, fish meal, vitamin, and mineral mix. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and  response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the significance of independent and interaction effects of the extrusion process variables on the extrudates physical properties namely pellet durability index, bulk density, water absorption and solubility indices and expansion ratio. Quadratic polynomial regression equations were developed to correlate the product responses and process variables as well as to obtain the response surfaces plots. The independent variables had significant (<em>P </em>&lt; 0.05) effects on physical properties of extrudates: (i) higher soy white flakes content increased the pellet durability index and water absorption index, but decreased the water solubility index, (ii) higher temperature decreased pellet durability index, bulk density and water solubility index, (iii) increased L/D ratio from 3.33 to 7.25 increased the pellet durability index, expansion ratio but decreased the bulk density of the extrudates.</p>

Development and Characterization of Extruded Product Using Carrot Pomace and Rice Flour

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
B. C. Sarkar ◽  
Harish Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Lateral Expansion ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Sensory Score ◽  
Die Temperature

Dehydrated carrot pomace was added in different proportions (10-30%) to rice flour. The formulation was extruded at different moisture content (17-21%), screw speed (270-310 rpm) and die temperature (110-130°C). The experimental combinations were decided based on central composite rotatable design for four variables at five levels of each variable. The lateral expansion, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, hardness and sensory characteristics were measured as responses. Significant regression models were established with the coefficient of determination, R² greater than 0.70. The results indicated that pomace proportion, screw speed and temperature significantly influenced (P<0.10) lateral expansion; moisture content and screw speed for bulk density; pomace proportion and temperature for water absorption index and water solubility index, pomace proportion, screw speed and temperature for hardness and screw speed for sensory score. The compromised optimum condition obtained by numerical integration for development of extrudates were: carrot pomace of 11.75% in rice flour, moisture content 19.92%, screw speed 249.1 rpm and die temperature 114.3°C. Sensory evaluation revealed that carrot pomace could be incorporated into ready-to-eat expanded products upto the level of 11.75%.

Physical properties of extruded fish feed containing silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae meal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R. Alcaraz ◽  
G.I. Mita ◽  
A. Hernández-Contreras ◽  
M.D. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Sinking Velocity

The silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) may be an interesting resource for aquaculture feed, due to its high nutritional value. The present work evaluates the physical properties of five extruded diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10 or 15% of non-defatted silkworm pupae meal. The physical properties studied included: expansion ratio, density, hardness, durability, water absorption index, water solubility index, floatability, sinking velocity and fat leakage. Feed formulated with insect meal showed an increase in expansion ratio, hardness and durability, while water absorption index and sinking velocity decreased. The pellets from these diets showed no increased nutrient leaching or fat leakage. Thus, it is possible to include up to 15% of silkworm pupae meal in extruded fish feed without impairing its physical quality.

scholarly journals Effects of extrusion operating conditions and blend proportion on the physicochemical and sensory properties of teff-rice blend extruded products

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
M. Minweyelet ◽  
W.K. Solomon ◽  
G. Bultosa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Extruded Product ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Extruded Products

The effects of extrusion conditions, teff-to-rice blend ratio (25-100%), feed moisture content (21-25%) and barrel temperature (130- 150°C) on the physico-chemical properties and the sensory attributes of extruded product from teff-rice blend was investigated. The physico-chemical properties (specific length, bulk density, expansion, water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and hardness), and sensory acceptability (flavor, color, texture and overall acceptability) were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the extrusion conditions. Increasing barrel temperature resulted in higher expansion, lower density, reduced hardness and higher WAI, and WSI. Increase in the proportion of teff resulted in increased density, hardness, and WSI whereas increase in teff proportion brought about a decrease in expansion and WAI. Increasing feed moisture content resulted in higher density, lower expansion, higher WAI, lower WSI, higher hardness and lower crispness. The sensory scores reduced with increase in the proportion teff. The numerical optimization revealed that the optimal extrusion conditions for the best result were extrusion temperature of 150°C, feed moisture content of 21.2% and blending ratio of 40% teff with a desirability value of 0.901. The graphical optimization revealed that the best results were found between 140 to 150°C, 21 to 22% feed moisture and 25 to 46% of teff proportion.

scholarly journals Effect of Die Configuration on the Physico-Chemical Properties, Anti-Nutritional Compounds, and Sensory Features of Legume-Based Extruded Snacks

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Michela Costantini ◽  
Martins Sabovics ◽  
Ruta Galoburda ◽  
Tatjana Kince ◽  
Evita Straumite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Lentil Flour ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Extruded Products

Legumes are not valued by all consumers, mostly due to the prolonged soaking and cooking process they require. This problem could be solved by preparing legume-based ready-to-eat snacks. In this study, the effect of two different dies (circular and star-shaped, with cross-sections of 19.6 and 35.9 mm2, respectively) on the physico-chemical properties, anti-nutritional compounds, and sensory features of extruded breakfast snacks was determined. Extruded products were obtained from 100% legume flours of red lentil, faba bean, brown pea, and common bean. The extrusion-cooking conditions were 2.5 g/s feed rate; 160 ± 1 °C die temperature; 16 ± 1 g/100 g feed moisture, and 230 rpm screw speed. Star-shaped extrudates showed a lower expansion ratio, degree of starch gelatinization, and water solubility index, as well as higher bulk density, hardness, crunchiness, and lightness (L*) values. The oligosaccharides showed non univocal variations by changing the die, whereas phytates did not vary at all. The extrudates from lentil flour (richer in fiber) were the least preferred by sensory panelists, due to their hard texture. However, the spherical extrudates were preferred over the star-shaped product. These results emphasize the possibility of improving the physico-chemical and sensory properties of legume extrudates by selecting a proper die.

scholarly journals The effects of extrusion conditions on the properties of Amplang, a traditional fish snack in Borneo

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1461-1468
Author(s):  
Nor Qhairul Izzreen M.N. ◽  
Siti Amirah C.G. ◽  
Noorakmar A.W.
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Single Screw Extrusion ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Density Expansion

The effects of extrusion process parameters on Amplang fish snack production are investigated in this study using a single-screw extrusion machine. The extrusion parameters are based on two factors, namely the barrel temperature (100 - 140oC) and screw speed (146 - 208 rpm). The central composite design (CCD) is used to produce thirteen experimental combinations and the effects of the extrusion parameters on the physical and functional characteristics (hardness, bulk density, expansion ratio, and water absorption and solubility indexes) of the Amplang fish extrudate were assessed as responses. The fish extrudates investigated in this study varied between 45.57 - 246.33 N (hardness), 0.09 - 0.21 g/cm3 (bulk density), 1.00 - 2.67 (expansion ratio), 2.58 - 4.01 g/g (water absorption index), and 19.25 - 29.8% (water solubility index). The bulk density, expansion ratio, water absorption index, and water solubility index were shown to be significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the barrel temperature and screw speed. In conclusion, barrel temperature and screw speed can influence the physical and functional properties of extruded fish snacks and the extrusion technique demonstrated in this study can be utilised to produce Amplang fish snacks in Sabah.

scholarly journals Effects of Twin-Screw Extruders Condition to Physical Properties of Floating Fish Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Arif Rahman Hakim ◽  
Wahyu Tri Handoyo ◽  
Toni Dwi Novianto ◽  
Andrianto Widi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Twin Screw Extruders ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Unit Density ◽  
Screw Extruders ◽  
Ratio Unit

Process production of floating fish feed in a society constrained by processing technology. The objective of this study was to observe effect of  condition process of twin screw extruders to the physical and chemical properties of produced of floating fish feed. Ingredients used involve fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, and tapioca flour. The ingredients are mixed with 15, 20 and 25% water added to the total weight. Extrusion process condition conducted by several treatments i.e screw speed (540, 540, 600, 660 rpm) and barrel temperatures (80, 90, 100, 110, 120℃). In order to study, expansion ratio, unit density, floatability and hardness of feed were observed as physical parameters while chemical properties include moisture and protein content. Experimental result showed that addition 25 % water to the formula gives a good performance of expansion ratio, unit density and floatability than 15% and 20% moisture content. Higher of screw speed produces feed with higher ratio expansion, lower unit density, and higher floatability. The optimum of screw speed is 600 rpm.  Meanwhile increasing of barrel temperature caused reduction of unit density, and escalation floatability of feed. Best barrel temperature to meet the physical properties is 120℃. The produced feed contain protein 32.38-41.95% and moisture content 4.37-5.70%.

scholarly journals Effects of Amylose-To-Amylopectin Ratios on Binding Capacity of DDGS/Soy-Based Aquafeed Blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferouz Ayadi ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater ◽  
K. Muthukumarappan ◽  
S. Kannadhason
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
The Impact

Demands for seafood products are steadily increasing. Alternative protein sources are required to compensate for enormous amounts of fishmeal that is needed for global seafood production. Starch is a food polymer that can be added to fish feed formulations to enhance binding and expanding capabilities of extrudates. Floatability, a key factor for most aqua feeds, can be optimized by the addition of certain starch sources. Six ingredient blends with a similar protein content (~32.5%) containing two starch sources, Hylon VII (containing 70% amylose, 30% amylopectin) or Waxy I (containing 0% amylose, 100% amylopectin), 20% distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS), and 15, 25, and 35% moisture content were used along with appropriate amounts of soybean meal, menhaden fishmeal, whey, vitamin and mineral mix to investigate nutritionally-balanced feeds for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). The blends were processed using a laboratory single-screw extruder with varying temperature settings (90-90-90°C, 100-120-120°C, and 100-120-140°C), screw speeds (100, 120, and 140 rpm), and length/diameter ratio (3.4, 6.6, 9.2) of the die. Extensive analyses of expansion ratio (ER), unit density (UD), sinking velocity (SV), and pellet durability indices (PDI), water absorption (WAI) and water solubility indices (WSI) were conducted to evaluate the effects of the two starch sources on extrudate binding and floating capacity. By varying process conditions, significant differences (P>0.05) among the blends were detected for all extrudate physical properties. Significantly higher values for ER, UD, and PDI were achieved by using the Waxy I starch source, while values for SV and WAI decreased. For WSI no significant differences were detected. Increasing the moisture content from 15-35% resulted in a significant increase in ER, WAI, and PDI and a significant decrease in UD. WSI showed no clear pattern in changes. The impact of different amylopectin to amylose ratio, temperature and moisture content on extrudate stability, cohesion and physical properties was demonstrated in this study. All formulations yielded viable extrudates while the blends with the amylopectin as the sole source of starch resulted in higher quality extrudates.

scholarly journals Single Screw Extrusion Processing of Soy White Flakes Based Catla Feed

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Singh ◽  
Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Unit Density

<p>An initial investigation into the inclusion of soy white flakes (SWF) and high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG) in catla (<em>Catla catla</em>) diet, belonging to the family Cyprinidae, was conducted using a single screw extruder. Three isocaloric (302 kcal/100 g) ingredient blends containing graded levels of SWF in combination with HP-DDG and other required ingredients were formulated to contain a net protein content of 31.5% (wet basis). Extrusion processing was then performed using three levels each of SWF content, moisture content, and temperature gradient keeping a constant screw speed and die diameter. Effects of these variables on extrudate physical properties including: color, pellet durability index, bulk density, water absorption index, water solubility index, unit density and expansion ratio were extensively analyzed. Increasing the level of SWF resulted in increase in water absorption index and unit density but decrease in expansion ratio. The interaction effect of SWF content, moisture content and temperature were significant for color, pellet durability index, bulk density and expansion ratio. All the extrudates showed relatively high pellet durability and inclusion of SWF produced less expanded and more compact textured extrudates.</p>

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