Fast and reproducible chemical synthesis of zearalenone-14-β,D-glucuronide

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mikula ◽  
C. Hametner ◽  
F. Berthiller ◽  
B. Warth ◽  
R. Krska ◽  
...  

The Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) is mainly converted to the conjugate zearalenone-14-β,D-glucuronide (ZEA-14-GlcA) during phase II detoxification in humans and animals. This metabolite - previously described as zearalenone-4-O-β,D-glucuronide - is excreted via urine and could therefore serve as possible biomarker for ZEA exposure to estimate its intake. Direct determination of this substance is limited by the availability of a reference substance. So far, only the production of small amounts by enzymatic synthesis has been described. In this work, a fast and reproducible protocol for the chemical synthesis of ZEA-14-GlcA was developed, using substituted β-resorcylic acid esters as mycotoxin mimics and different glucuronyl donors for optimising the glycosylation (Königs-Knorr, trifluoroacetimidate method) and the deprotection step. This cost-effective procedure should be easily reproducible in other labs using standard equipment and common reagents.

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Vo-Dinh

This paper discusses the figures of merit associated with the synchronous luminescence (SL) technique in multicomponent analysis of complex samples. Spectral interferences and experimental factors that influence the choice of experimental conditions are investigated. The efficacy of SL is demonstrated in the direct determination of anthracene and 2-methylanthracene in a raw coal liquid. The application of the second-derivative technique to the SL measurement of organic samples is shown. Special emphasis is directed toward the applicability of the SL technique as a practical and cost-effective screening procedure in the routine analysis of complex organic samples.


2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy D. Haines ◽  
Kevin J. Adlaf ◽  
Robert M. Pierceall ◽  
Inmok Lee ◽  
Padmesh Venkitasubramanian ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1786-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qisi Deng ◽  
Chun Yang ◽  
Hongtao Zheng ◽  
Jixin Liu ◽  
Xuefei Mao ◽  
...  

A fast, cost-effective and sensitive method for the direct determination of Cd in rice was developed based on a miniaturized APGD-AES system coupled with solid sampling electrothermal vaporization with a tungsten coil trap (ETV-TC).


1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Dratz ◽  
James C. Coberly
Keyword(s):  

2002 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sorescu

AbstractWe propose a two-lattice method for direct determination of the recoilless fraction using a single room-temperature transmission Mössbauer measurement. The method is first demonstrated for the case of iron and metallic glass two-foil system and is next generalized for the case of physical mixtures of two powders. We further apply this method to determine the recoilless fraction of hematite and magnetite particles. Finally, we provide direct measurement of the recoilless fraction in nanohematite and nanomagnetite with an average particle size of 19 nm.


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