Role of Morphometric Description of Female Genitalia to Discriminate Phlebotomine Sand Flies Species (Diptera; Psychodidae; Phlebotominae) from Northern Part of India

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum, which has in the domestic dog its principal vertebrate host. VL is usually transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, however atypical routes of transmission have been described. In this review we discuss the the role of sexual and vertical transmissions, and their role in the maintenance of VL in canine populations.

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Illegal Waste Sites As A Potential Micro Foci Of Mediterranean Leishmaniasis: First Records Of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) From Slovenia

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.1515/acve-2015-0029 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 348-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ivović Vladimir ◽

Kalan Katja ◽

Zupan Sara ◽

Bužan Elena

Keyword(s):

Rattus Rattus ◽

Molecular Probe ◽

Disease Vectors ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Kinetoplast Dna ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Black Rat ◽

Illegal Waste ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractApart from being against the law, illegal waste dumping also poses a threat to human health and to the environment. Solid and decomposing waste is an ideal breeding ground for a number of rodents, insects, and other vermin that pose a health risk through the spread of infectious diseases. The main objective of this study was to survey disease vectors and rodents for the presence ofLeishmaniasp. from waste sites along the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia and Croatia.During the survey five sandfly (Phlebotomus neglectus, P. perniciosus,P. papatasi, P. mascitii, Sergentomyia minuta) and five rodent species were collected (Rattus rattus,Mus musculus,Apodemus agrarius,A. flavicollisandA. sylvaticus).Sandflies and rodents were screened using a molecular probe to amplify an approximately 120 bp fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle for the detection ofLeishmaniasp. parasites.Leishmania infantumDNA was detected in the spleen of one juvenile black rat (R. rattus). Despite few published records onLeshmaniasp. infection in black rats, the addition of our record highlights the importance of further investigation into the frequency and distribution of such occurrences so that we may better classify the role of rodents as potential reservoirs of leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin.

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Detection of Leishmania donovani DNA within Field-Caught Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Three Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Endemic Foci of Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6650388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Tharaka Wijerathna ◽

Nayana Gunathilaka ◽

Kithsiri Gunawardena ◽

Yoshito Fujii ◽

Deepa Gunasekara

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Species Specific ◽

Leishmania Parasites

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection transmitted through the bite of female phlebotomine sand flies. Microscopy is the gold standard to detect parasites within the sand flies and for vector incrimination. However, molecular-based detection has become more popular nowadays in the identification of Leishmania parasites since it provides detection and species identification simultaneously with no need of laborious procedures. The entomological surveys were conducted monthly from May to October 2017 using standard entomological techniques. Field-caught sand flies were identified to the species level followed by DNA extraction. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using species-specific primers to detect Leishmania donovani parasites. A total of 1,662 sand flies were encountered from the entomological surveys, and the majority of them were Phlebotomus argentipes (n = 1517; 91.27%), while others were Sergentomyia punjabiensis (n = 140; 8.72%). Leishmania donovani parasite DNA was detected only from P. argentipes (2.3%; n = 2). The detection of Leishmania DNA in P. argentipes suggests the possible role of this species as a vector for leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka.

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Influence of Moonlight On Light-Emitting Diode Trap Catches of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)1

Entomological News ◽

10.3157/021.129.0105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Apoliana Araújo da Silva ◽

Benedita Maria Costa-Neta ◽

Francinaldo Soares Silva

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Trap Catches

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Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/385493 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rosana Silva Lana ◽

Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽

João Carlos França-Silva ◽

Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Local Data ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Serra Do Cipó ◽

Heritage Site ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

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