Nanoencapsulación de compuestos bioactivos con actividad antioxidante de Justicia spicigera (Muicle) y Theobroma cacao L. (Cacao)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Aguilar-Méndez ◽  
◽  
Eduardo San Martín Martínez ◽  
Jorge Yáñez-Fernández ◽  
Elisabeth Navarro-Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

En este trabajo, se elaboraron nanopartículas cargadas con extractos polifenólicos de Theobroma cacao L. (cacao) y Justicia spicigera (muicle). El contenido de fenoles totales del grano de cacao y el muicle se determinó usando el reactivo Folin-Ciocalteu y la actividad antioxidante se estimó usando los ensayos DPPH (2,2-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo) y FRAP (reducción férrica / poder antioxidante). El proceso de nanoencapsulación se realizó mediante un nano-secador por aspersión utilizando pectina y aislado de proteína de suero como materiales de pared. Los resultados mostraron que fue posible obtener nanopartículas con morfología esferoidal homogénea y un tamaño promedio de aproximadamente 500 nm. Los experimentos in vitro, en los que se utilizó el método DPPH para evaluar la prevalencia de la capacidad inhibitoria de radicales libres de los extractos nanoencapsulados, indicaron que las eficiencias de carga para las nanopartículas cargadas con ambos extractos fueron aproximadamente del 56.53 % y 41.38 % para muicle y cacao, respectivamente; de la misma manera los resultados de FRAP fueron equivalentes respecto a la capacidad antioxidante.

Theobroma cacao L.: an axillary bud in vitro propagation procedure

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Flynn ◽  
Leon J. Glicenstein ◽  
Paul J. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Actividad antibacteriana de la cáscara de cacao, Theobroma cacao L

2012 ◽  
pp. 3176-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Cuéllar G ◽  
Gloria Guerrero A
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar la actividad antibacteriana de diferentes fracciones de la cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana mediante el método de difusión en agar de diferentes fracciones de la cáscara de cacao, empleando cepas autóctonas y de referencia ATCC. Posteriormente, se hizo un análisis de estas fracciones por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Resultados. La fracción clorofórmica presentó actividad antibacteriana frente a Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 y Streptococcus agalactiae (autóctona), con porcentajes de inhibición de 34.90% (100 μg/μl) y 52.40% (100 μg/μl) respectivamente. También se evidenció una concentración mínima inhibitoria de 512 μg/ml frente a Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 y de 128 μg/ml frente a Streptococcus agalactiae. Conclusiones. Este trabajo es el primer reporte a saber en Colombia sobre actividad antibacteriana in vitro de la cáscara de cacao, el cual resulta ser un avance importante para esta agroindustria. Esta investigación abre paso a otros estudios relacionados para establecer el espectro de inhibición frente a otros microorganismos.

scholarly journals BIODEGRADASI LIMBAH KULIT BUAH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.) OLEH KAPANG Aspergillus niger DENGAN VARIASI JUMLAH INOKULUM DAN WAKTU INKUBASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Alfian Siswanto ◽  
Ida Bagus Gede Darmayasa ◽  
I Ketut Muksin
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Crop waste or cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) processing waste that doesn’t handle with care can polluting the environment around the farm. Rind of cacao can be used for composting, but it can be less effective because the nutrient of fresh cacao rind too complex and the ratio of C/N too high. This research intention to knows the potential of Aspergillus niger to degrade cellulose on waste cacao rind who have high ratio of C/N, with combination inoculum concentration and incubation time. The methods of this research begin with isolation and identification of A. niger from litter of cacao field, then the in vitro test done by CMCA (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose Agar) selective media, and then the cacao rind was testing by in vivo method. The results of this research shown that A. niger can degrade cellulose by in vitro ways, it can be seen by the clear zone that formed on CMCA selective media. The in vivo test on cacao rind shown decreasing of C/N ratio between 18,940%-40,623%. Combination of A3B3 treatment (15 mL inoculum concentration, 28 days incubation time) indicate the lowest C/N ratio 18,940%.

EFECTO ANTIFÚNGICO in vitro DE EXTRACTOS METANÓLICOS DE Capsicum spp. EN Moniliophthora roreri

Agrociencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-824
Author(s):  
Dario De la Cruz-Ricardez ◽  
Carlos F. Ortiz-García ◽  
Luz del C. Lagunes-Espinoza ◽  
Magdiel Torres-de la Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios en la producción de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en Latinoamérica y en México es la moniliasis, causada por Moniliophthora roreri. Este fitopatógeno causa más del 75% de pérdidas en la producción anual. Los metabolitos secundarios del género Capsicum tienen efectos antifúngicos, por lo que se pueden usar para el control de M. roreri. El objetivo de este experimento fue evaluar el efecto in vitro de extractos metanólicos (EM) de tres especies de Capsicum sobre M. roreri. Los EM extraídos de frutos inmaduros de C. chinense, C. frutescens, y dos morfotipos de C. annuum var. glabriusculum se probaron a dos concentraciones: 1000 y 2500 mg L-1, y se evaluaron en la inhibición del crecimiento micelial, la esporulación y la viabilidad de conidios producidos de M. roreri. Ambas dosis (tratamientos) se establecieron bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones; cada caja de Petri fue una unidad experimental, los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤0.05). Moniliophthora roreri fue sensible a los EM de las tres especies. Los EM de C. annuum var. glabriusculum en sus morfotipos amashito (AM) y garbanzo (GA) a 2500 mg L-1 inhibieron el crecimiento micelial hasta en 95%. Los EM de C. annuum var. glabriusculum AM y GA a 2500 mg L-1 inhibieron totalmente la producción de conidios en ambas concentraciones. Los EM de C. chinense y C. annuum var. glabriusculum GA inhibieron hasta 35% la viabilidad de conidios de M. roreri. La sensibilidad in vitro de M. roreri a EM de C. annuum var. glabriusculum AM y GA permite sugerir el efecto de los extractos en el campo de cultivo.

scholarly journals Symbiotic and endophytic fungi as biocontrols against cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) phytopathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Amanda Villamizar-Gallardo ◽  
Oscar Orlando Ortíz-Rodriguez ◽  
Jhon Wilmer Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

ABSTRACT Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a tropical tree, seriously affected by fungal diseases. To control several pathogens, biological methods are prescribed since they are friendly to the environment and easy to use. The main objective of this study was to assess the biocontrol effect of two native strains, Trichoderma viride and Botryosphaeria quercum, on phytopathogens such as Phytophthora palmivora and Moniliophtora roreri, causal agents of black pod and frosty pod rot diseases, respectively. In addition, biocontrolers were faced on potential mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergills flavus and Fusarium solani, which are very common on cocoa. The Bio-Control Index (BCI) was calculated to determine the in vitro biocontrol effect against the four phytopathogens. Results indicated that the best biocontrol agent of phytopathogens was B. quercum, showing BCI of 82.3%, 80.7%, 63.3% and 59.7% for each tested phytopathogen, respectively. Competition for substrate was the dominant biocontrol strategy. As to the origin of strains, those coming from the Department Norte de Santander and Santander showed the highest average inhibition percentage. This study provides an initial screening to the endophytic and antagonistic potential of fungi, specifically those capable of colonizing cocoa pods and soils. Thus, these strains can be used as an efficient biological control alternative against several known phytopathogens of cocoa in the field.

Chemical, technological and in vitro antioxidant properties of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) co-products

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martínez ◽  
P. Torres ◽  
M.A. Meneses ◽  
J.G. Figueroa ◽  
J.A. Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

scholarly journals Potential of Cocoa Extract (Theobroma cacao) in Inhibiting Erythrocyte Damage Induced by Physalia utriculus Venom

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Adinningtyas Intansari ◽  
Al Munawir ◽  
Laksmi Indreswari
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Physalia utriculus is one of the invertebrate marine biota that is often found in Indonesia. Some symptoms of venoming due to jellyfish stings cause pain, itching, and hemolysis. In Indonesia, 13 cases of jellyfish stings were reported in 2005-2009 with three people dying in Java, Bali, and Bangka. Cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) contain fat, carbohydrates, proteins, and polyphenol compounds that are useful as antioxidants. Polyphenols in the form of epicathechins, catechins, and procyanidins serve to provide protection to hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of ethanol extract of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in inhibiting the damage of erythrocyte induced by Physalia utriculus in vitro. This study used 28 samples of erythrocytes divided into seven groups, namely the normal control group, negative controls, and treatment with cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02%. Each subsequent group induced venom Physalia utriculus. The results showed that the average speed of erythrocyte lysis in the treatment group by giving cocoa ethanol extract 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.04%, and 0.02% respectively (seconds ± standard deviation) was 858,25 ± 94,44; 1.000,5 ± 159,93; 678,5 ± 19,71; and 1.006 ± 159,50. The mean speed of erythrocyte lysis in the negative control group was 1,025 ± 164.63 and the positive control group with the administration of N-Acetylcystein can last up to one hour after administration of venoms. Test for normality and homogeneity shows that data is normally distributed and homogeneous. One Way Annova analysis shows the significance value of p <0.05, then a post hoc analysis test was performed with the Bonferoni method to find out the differences in significance in each group. In this study it can be concluded that the administration of cocoa ethanol extract has no potential to inhibit erythrocyte damage that has been venomed by Physalia utriculus in vitro. Keywords: Physalia utriculus, cacao, erythrocyte damage

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