Magnetic fraction from phosphate mining tailings as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production through transesterification reaction of triacylglycerols in bio-oil

Abstract Background Microalgae, due to its well-recognized advantages have been gained renewed interest as potentially good feedstock for biodiesel. Production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a type of biodiesel was carried out from Chlorella vulgaris bio oil. Biodiesel was produced in the presence of nano-biocatalysts composed of immobilized lipase on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide via a transesterification reaction. A hybrid of few-layer graphene oxide and Fe 3 O 4 (MGO) was prepared and characterized. The MGO was functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (MGO-AP) as well as with a couple of AP and glutaraldehyde (MGO-AP-GA). The Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized on MGO and MGO-AP using electrostatic interactions as well as on MGO-AP-GA using covalent bonding. The supports, MGO, MGO-AP, and MGO-AP-GA, as well as Nano-biocatalyst, ROL/MGO, ROL/MGO-AP, and ROL/MGO-AP-GA, were characterized using FESEM, VSM, FTIR, and XRD. The few-layer graphene oxide was characterized using AFM and the surface charge of supports was evaluated with the zeta potential technique. The nano-biocatalysts assay was performed with an evaluation of kinetic parameters, loading capacity, relative activity, time-course thermal stability, and storage stability. Biodiesel production was carried out in the presence of nano-biocatalysts and their reusability was evaluated in 5 cycles of transesterification reaction. Results: The AFM analysis confirmed the few-layer structure of graphene oxide and VSM also confirmed that all supports were superparamagnetic. The maximum loading of ROL (70.2%) was related to MGO-AP-GA. The highest biodiesel conversion of 71.19% achieved in the presence of ROL/MGO-AP-GA. Furthermore, this nano-biocatalyst could maintain 58.77% of its catalytic performance after 5 cycles of the transesterification reaction and was the best catalyst in the case of reusability. Conclusions: In this study, the synthesized nano-biocatalyst based on bare and functionalized magnetic graphene oxide was applied and optimized in the process of converting microalgae bio-oil to biodiesel for the first time and compared with bare lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. Results showed that the loading capacity, kinetic parameters, thermal stability, and storage stability improved by the functionalization of MGO. The biocatalysts, which were prepared via covalent bonding immobilization of enzyme generally, showed better characteristics. Keywords Few-layer graphene oxide; Biodiesel; Chlorella vulgaris ; Bio-oil; Superparamagnetic; Nano-biocatalyst.

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Study of the Ca2Fe2O5 Perovskite Synthesis from Waste Sources and Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst For Biodiesel Production

The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management ◽

10.5276/jswtm/2021.181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 181-187

Author(s):

Juarez Hilleshein Júnior ◽

Alexandre de Faria Lima ◽

Mário Sérgio da Luz ◽

Geoffroy Roger Pointer Malpass ◽

Letícia Leandro Rade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Ferrous Metal ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Calcium Ferrite ◽

Basic Force ◽

Different Origins ◽

Basic Strength

The use of chicken eggshells and ferrous metal waste were evaluated as feedstock for the synthesis of Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite. The solid Ca2Fe2O5 obtained was applied as heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. The calcium ferrite (Ca2Fe2O5) obtained from waste materials was formed at temperatures above 898 K and its basic force was very similar to that one presented in the same structure obtained using high-purity reagents. The formation of the Ca2Fe2O5/CaO system occurred for both catalysts at higher temperatures. The catalysts Ca2Fe2O5lab and Ca2Fe2O5res presented the same basic strength, 0.469 and 0.473 mmol/g, respectively. This fact indicates that both cata- lysts have similar structures even though they were prepared with very different origins of reagents. Besides that, the residual Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite showed a good catalytic performance in the transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction led to yields of biodiesel greater than 80 %, at 333 K, methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and 10 h of batch reaction.

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Potato peels as a sustainable source for biochar, bio-oil and a green heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jece.2021.107108 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107108

Author(s):

Niran Daimary ◽

Khalifa S.H. Eldiehy ◽

Pankaj Boruah ◽

Dhanapati Deka ◽

Utpal Bora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Potato Peels

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Lipase immobilized on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide as an efficient nanobiocatalyst for biodiesel production from chlorella vulgarise bio-oil

10.21203/rs.2.18470/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tahereh Nematian ◽

Alireza Shakeri ◽

Zeinab Salehi ◽

Ali Aakbar Saboury

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Covalent Bonding ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Loading Capacity ◽

Layer Graphene ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Few Layer Graphene ◽

And Storage

Abstract Background Microalgae, due to its well-recognized advantages have been gained renewed interest as potentially good feedstock for biodiesel. Production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as a type of biodiesel was carried out from Chlorella vulgaris bio oil. Biodiesel was produced in the presence of nano-biocatalysts composed of immobilized lipase on functionalized superparamagnetic few-layer graphene oxide via a transesterification reaction. A hybrid of few-layer graphene oxide and Fe3O4 (MGO) was prepared and characterized. The MGO was functionalized with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (MGO-AP) as well as with a couple of AP and glutaraldehyde (MGO-AP-GA). The Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized on MGO and MGO-AP using electrostatic interactions as well as on MGO-AP-GA using covalent bonding. The supports, MGO, MGO-AP, and MGO-AP-GA, as well as Nano-biocatalyst, ROL/MGO, ROL/MGO-AP, and ROL/MGO-AP-GA, were characterized using FESEM, VSM, FTIR, and XRD. The few-layer graphene oxide was characterized using AFM and the surface charge of supports was evaluated with the zeta potential technique. The nano-biocatalysts assay was performed with an evaluation of kinetic parameters, loading capacity, relative activity, time-course thermal stability, and storage stability. Biodiesel production was carried out in the presence of nano-biocatalysts and their reusability was evaluated in 5 cycles of transesterification reaction. Results: The AFM analysis confirmed the few-layer structure of graphene oxide and VSM also confirmed that all supports were superparamagnetic. The maximum loading of ROL (70.2%) was related to MGO-AP-GA. The highest biodiesel conversion of 71.19% achieved in the presence of ROL/MGO-AP-GA. Furthermore, this nano-biocatalyst could maintain 58.77% of its catalytic performance after 5 cycles of the transesterification reaction and was the best catalyst in the case of reusability. Conclusions: In this study, the synthesized nano-biocatalyst based on bare and functionalized magnetic graphene oxide was applied and optimized in the process of converting microalgae bio-oil to biodiesel for the first time and compared with bare lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles. Results showed that the loading capacity, kinetic parameters, thermal stability, and storage stability improved by the functionalization of MGO. The biocatalysts, which were prepared via covalent bonding immobilization of enzyme generally, showed better characteristics. Keywords Few-layer graphene oxide; Biodiesel; Chlorella vulgaris; Bio-oil; Superparamagnetic; Nano-biocatalyst.

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Waste Animal Bones as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production; A Mini Review

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11050630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 630

Author(s):

Fayaz Hussain ◽

Saad Alshahrani ◽

Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas ◽

Haris Mahmood Khan ◽

Asif Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽

Recent Literature ◽

Catalyst Preparation ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Eu Legislation ◽

Animal Bones ◽

Disposal Cost

Slaughterhouse waste is considered to be an emerging issue because of its disposal cost. As an alternative, it would be a great prospect for the bioeconomy society to explore new usages of these leftover materials. As per food safety rules mentioned by EU legislation, all bone waste generated by slaughterhouses ought to be disposed of by rendering. The huge quantity of worldwide bone waste generation (130 billion kilograms per annum) is an environmental burden if not properly managed. The waste animal bones can be efficiently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel. This mini review summarized the recent literature reported for biodiesel generation using waste animal bones derived heterogeneous catalyst. It discusses the sources of bone waste, catalyst preparation methods, particularly calcination and its effects, and important characteristics of bones derived catalyst. It suggests that catalysts extracted from waste animal bones have suitable catalytic activity in transesterification of different oil sources to generate a good quality biodiesel.

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